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Biomedical subjects

T Malachi

Publications and source records attributed to T Malachi.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Platelet count and thrombopoietic activity in patients with chronic renal failure.

The frequency of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is controversial. This study was undertaken to investigate the platelet count in 55 patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis and in 19 patients with CRF before hemodialysis had begun. In both groups platelet counts were similar and significantly reduced, 175,000 +/- 6,500 and 181,000 +/- 10,800 compared to 253,000 +/- 3,700/mm3 in the control (p less than 0.0001). 31% of hemodialysis patients had thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150,000/mm3). The megakaryocyte number in their bone marrow aspirate was not reduced. Primary renal disease, androgen treatment or parathyroidectomy did not affect the platelet count. Thrombopoietic activity using 75Se-selenomethionine incorporation into platelets measured in 7 thrombocytopenic patients was found to be reduced, 6.77 +/- 0.29 vs. 9.06 +/- 0.27 (X 10(-2)%: p less than 0.001). This study shows that the platelet count is reduced and mild thrombocytopenia is frequent in patients with CRF. A possible cause for the platelet count reduction is insufficient thrombopoietic activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Parathyroid hormone effect on the fragility of human young and old red blood cells in uremia.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is elevated in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and was suggested to be one of the factors responsible for the anemic syndrome of these patients because it raises the osmotic fragility of the red blood cells (RBC). In the present study, the youngest and oldest RBC were separated from circulating erythrocytes by high-speed centrifugation. The age distribution was described, and the effect of PTH on the different age groups was investigated. Median density (MD) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity were chosen as age markers. MD (1.0985 +/- 0.00087) and GOT activity (12.49 +/- 2.083 IU/g Hb) of the young uremic cells did not differ significantly from the values of young normal cells (1.0987 +/- 0.00046 and 10.36 +/- 1.174 IU/g Hb, respectively). The MD of the oldest cells, however, was lower (1.1048 +/- 0.00054) and GOT was higher (6.60 +/- 1.1019 IU/g Hb) in the uremic than in the control cells (1.1093 +/- 0.00175 and 3.77 +/- 0.233 IU/g Hb, respectively). These results indicate that the life span of RBC in uremics is shorter than normal and that an enrichment of circulating RBC by young cells occurs in uremic patients. The median osmotic fragility (MOF) of the young cells was lower in both uremic (0.376 +/- 0.006) and control patients (0.378 +/- 0.003) than the MOF of old cells (0.402 +/- 0.005 and 0.392 +/- 0.004, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1985

Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotides in plasma and urine of colonic cancer patients.

Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotide levels were measured in plasma and urine of 14 patients with colonic cancer. The measurements were performed 1 day before and 8 days after the removal of the tumor by operation. There was no difference between the plasma PGE2 levels (in form of the 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto metabolite) before and after the operation, but they were significantly higher than the level of a control group. No differences before and after operation were found between plasma cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, plasma cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels, urinary cAMP levels and urinary cGMP levels. All the cyclic nucleotide concentrations were within the normal range. No correlation could be found between the stage of the tumor spread and any of the substances analyzed. The conclusions are that plasma PGE2 and plasma and urinary cyclic nucleotides do not originate from the colonic tumor tissue, and that these substances cannot be used as tumor markers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Sialic acid content of erythrocytes in uremic patients. Correlation with the age distribution of erythrocytes as assessed by glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase determination.

In a previous study we suggested that an enrichment in young red blood cells (RBC) should occur in the erythrocyte population of uremic-anemic patients. This change in RBC age distribution together with the fact that young cells were reported to be richer in sialic acid would provide an explanation for the observed lack of difference in sialic acid content between patients' and controls' whole erythrocyte populations in spite of an increased neuraminidase activity found to be present in patients' serum. To verify this assumption glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity, which is an erythrocyte age index, and sialic acid were determined in low and high density fractions separated by centrifugation of packed cells representing young and old RBC, respectively, from two groups of 8 individuals with chronic renal failure and two groups of controls. GOT was determined also in whole erythrocyte populations. Mean GOT activity was significantly higher in the young fractions compared to the old of both patients' and control RBC (14.9 vs. 7.8 and 12.4 vs. 7.5 IU/g Hb). Activity of the whole RBC population was significantly higher in uremics as compared to controls (11.7 vs. 5.6 IU/g Hb) which is compatible with a lower median erythrocyte age. Mean sialic acid was higher in the young fractions as compared to the old (42.7 vs. 35.3 nmol/10(9) cells in controls and 48.9 vs. 43.0 nmol/10(9) cells in patients). These differences together with an enrichment in young cells would compensate for the eventual loss of sialic acid in the whole population resulting from an increased neuraminidase-like activity in patients' serum.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1982

Prostaglandins and cyclic-AMP in human semen.

Normospermic, oligospermic and azoospermic semen samples were analysed for prostaglandins of the E groups and for cyclic AMP. The whole procedure was rapidly performed in a nitrogen atmosphere. Higher levels of total PGEs (PGEs+19-hydroxy PGEs) were found in normospermic (135.6 micrograms/ml) than in either oligospermic or azoospermic semen. The average level of cyclic AMP in normospermic semen (32.0 nmole/ml) did not differ significantly from the test groups, but very low levels were found only in oligo and azoospermic semen. The correlation coefficient between cyclic AMP and total-PGE concentrations was +0.36. The correlation coefficient between cyclic AMP level and percentage of motile sperm cells was +0.56 (p less than 0.0005). Patients who were treated for two months with a daily dose of 50mg clomiphene citrate exhibited significant elevation of cyclic AMP in their seminal fluid. This finding suggests that cyclic AMP is important for sperm motility and that the clomiphene effect on human semen may be mediated by cyclic AMP.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1981

Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP in tumor and plasma of breast cancer patients.

Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were measured in tumors and plasma of 78 patients with benign and malignant breast tumors. Two groups of malignant tissues were found, one with a high level of PGE2 (M = 55.4 pg/mg) and one with a low level (M = 10.7 pg/mg). The low level did not differ significantly from the benign tissue level (M = 8.7 pg/mg). Two malignant groups could not be detected in the plasma levels. Plasma PGE2 concentration (in form of the 13,14-dihydro-15-Keto metabolite) did not reflect the tissue levels, and no difference was found between the benign (M = 59.9 pg/ml) and the malignant (M = 62.3 pg/ml) patients, but both concentrations were higher than those of healthy controls (M = 34.4 pg/ml). The stage of the cancer, the histological classification and, most important, the period of survival, could not be related to the differences in the PGE2 tissue levels. Neither could plasma cAMP be nominated as a breast cancer market because no difference was found between the cAMP levels of benign tumor patients (M = 16.48 pmol/ml), of malignant tumor patients (M = 21.14 pmol/ml) and of healthy controls (M = 19.07 pmol/ml). The conclusion is that although high amounts of PGE2 appear in some malignant breast tumors, they do not affect the clinical situation. These results may explain the failure to treat human breast cancer patients with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP levels in human breast tumors.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations were measured in human benign and malignant breast tumors by radioimmunoassay. Two groups were found among the malignant tissues, one with high PGE2 (M = 65.89 pg/mg) and high cAMP (M = 0.704 pmole/mg) concentrations and one with low concentrations (M = 9.24 pg/mg and M = 0.299 pmole/mg, respectively). The low PGE2 levels in the malignant tumors did not differ significantly from the levels found in benign tumors (M = 8.06 pg/mg). cAMP levels were positively and highly correlated (r = +0.81) with PGE2 levels. No bone osteolysis could be discovered in any of the patients a few weeks after mastectomy operation, but PGE2 analysis of breast tumors may have prognostic value for the future.

Bone Neoplasms↗