PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Malamani

Publications and source records attributed to T Malamani.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early effects of exposure to anesthetic gases and vapors. A critical review on the suitability of several indicators of the effect].

Apart from a risk excess of liver disease among operating theatre personnel and of spontaneous abortion in women exposed during pregnancy, no definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding health impairment among anaesthesiology staff. However, many studies pointed out that several adverse effects occur as a consequence of experimental, therapeutic and occupational exposure to inhalation anaesthetics. This paper reviews the early changes of the organ systems (hepatobiliary, renal, cardiac, hematopoietic, reproductive systems; immunologic functions; cytogenetic effects), which are considered to follow anaesthetics exposure, to evaluate their possible use as biological indices of effect. The liver microsomal enzyme system has received particular attention with the aim of clarifying the mechanisms involved in anaesthetics hepatotoxicity. An increased microsomal enzyme activity was observed in experimental conditions and in humans. This inductive effect, which reflects metabolic changes affecting liver function, is commonly considered the earliest sign caused by exposure to several chemicals (other than anaesthetics) and may be evaluated by means of biomarkers, among which the measurement of urinary D-glucaric acid excretion is a well established non-invasive tool. Urinary D-glucaric acid excretion represents the most promising early metabolic effect of the exposure to anaesthetics. However, its measurement is not yet suitable as an index of effect for use in biomonitoring practice. The main aspects to be studied in the future are the following: (i) the evaluation of urinary D-glucaric acid excretion in the acute and chronic exposure to low-dose anaesthetics to check the existence of a dose-response relationship; (ii) the study of other parameters (urinary enzymes, immunological profile, chromosome aberrations) in selected groups of exposed and control subjects, in which both exposure and confounding factors (age, gender, life style, former diseases) as well as concomitant occupational exposures should be carefully taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Passive smoking: a risk factor in the home environment].

Recent studies of the health effects of air pollution have pointed out the importance of environmental smoke as a pollution source in household. Several studies showed that children or adults living with parents or other adults who smoke have an increased risk of several effects: respiratory illness in children, changes of respiratory function in children and adults, risk of lung cancer and risk of other cancer than lung cancer. A few epidemiological surveys have studied the relationship between passive smoking and lung cancer. The available epidemiological studies (10 case-control studies, and 3 prospective studies) have been identified and the results combined. There was a 35% increase of risk of lung cancer among nonsmokers living with smokers as compared with nonsmokers living with nonsmokers. However, adjustments due to some degree of misclassification of some nonsmokers who may be still exposed to other people's smoke, increased the risk, which was thus estimated as 53%. Furthermore, cancer risk deriving from cumulative household exposures to cigarette smoke was evaluated. Overall cancer risk increased progressively with the number of household members who smoked. These results were observed for both smoking-related cancer and other sites cancer. Finally, although some of these results need to be confirmed, recent views believe that sufficient evidence is provided that breathing other people's tobacco smoke cause health impairment and lung cancer.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational asthma caused by cefmetazole and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid: description of a clinical case].

A case of professional asthma, following exposure to cefmetazole and 7-ACA, occurring in a non atopic subject with remarkable bronchial hyperreactivity, is described. From the diagnostic point of view the execution of specific bronchial stimulation tests was conclusive. It is probable that the occurrence of the illness is due, in this case, to the ability of the inhaled substances to cause inflammation in a subject with bronchial hyperreactivity, without inducing an immunologic mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of trends in occupational pathology in clinical cases].

The study considered all patients admitted to the 1st Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Preventive, Occupational and Community Medicine of the University of Pavia between January 1st 1989 and December 31st 1995 with a diagnosis of occupational disease. It was useful in illustrating the evolution of occupational disease as regards both changes in etiology and in the symptoms and systems involved. A decrease in the number of occupational diseases diagnosed from 1993 to 1995 was revealed, but it is difficult to draw any significant conclusions from these data since the need for hospitalization when diagnosing this type of disease has diminished greatly. Changes in legislation which have obliged employers to take precise preventive measures could also be partly responsible for this downward trend. The patients were, in almost all cases, at an initial stage of their disease. This is reassuring as far as the therapeutic and legal need for an early diagnosis is concerned. However, it remains unknown how often the causal relationship between work and disease was not suspected and therefore how many cases did not arrive to observation. Finally, the study confirmed the disappearance of some occupational diseases, such as benzene intoxication, common in the past, and the increase in "emerging" pathologies like allergies.

Humans↗