PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Martín

Publications and source records attributed to T Martín.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Hydrolytic enzyme of the alveolar macrophage in diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease.

Hydrolytic enzymes [acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-D-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (beta-D-NAGA), lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)] are the major constituents of alveolar macrophages (AM). These enzymes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. Cell-associated activity of several enzymes in alveolar macrophages obtained from control subjects (n = 5) and patients suffering five representative types of interstitial pulmonary diseases [sarcoidosis (n = 10), extrinsic allergic alveolitis (n = 5), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 5), neoplastic infiltration of the lung (n = 5) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (n = 5)] were evaluated. Cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Enzymatic activity was assessed by standardized tests. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated in the patients with active sarcoidosis (median: 57%), allergic extrinsic alveolitis (median: 51%) and neoplastic infiltration (median: 31%) as compared with the other groups, whereas BAL neutrophil and eosinophil counts were significantly elevated in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (neutrophil median: 29%; eosinophil median: 3%). The highest alveolar macrophage enzymatic activities were obtained in the active sarcoidosis group (median ACE: 23.38 microKat 10(-6) AM; median lysozyme: 8.64 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-glucuronidase: 324.22 U 10(-6) AM; median acid phosphatase: 0.78 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-D-NAGA: 1.85 nKat 10(-6) AM) which was significantly greater than in the control group (median ACE: 6.69 microKat 10(-6) AM; median lysozyme: 1.95 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-glucuronidase: 39.88 U 10(-6) AM; median acid phosphatase: 0.38 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-D-NAGA: 0.44 nKat 10(-6) AM). However, intracellular lysosomal enzymatic activities of alveolar macrophages from patients with allergic extrinsic alveolitis, a disease in which the degree of alveolar macrophage activation is maximal, were similar to those of the control group. These findings demonstrated a different pattern of expression of alveolar macrophage's hydrolytic enzymes in lymphocytic diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease. In sarcoidotic patients, hydrolytic enzymes were increased whereas in allergic extrinsic alveolitis, hydrolytic enzyme activities were similar to control groups. Indirect data suggest that the release of lysosomal enzymes by alveolar macrophages during allergic extrinsic alveolitis may be a factor involved in the pulmonary lesions appearing in this disease.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

[Study of adrenal function in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis].

In order to assess the impact of tuberculosis on the adrenal glands, 13 patients diagnosed of active pulmonary tuberculosis are studied. To this effect, basal cortisol concentrations and after stimulation with Synacthen and Nuvacthen depot were determined. In our patients, adrenal function remained intact, having as well no deleterious effect on it the treatment with tuberculostatics.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1987

Visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised hosts.

Visceral leishmaniasis is infrequently reported in immunocompromised hosts; hence, the clinical manifestations and outcome of the disease in these patients are unknown. In a series of 10 patients with visceral leishmaniasis complicating renal transplantation (three), hematologic neoplasms (two), systemic lupus erythematosus (two), or infection with human immunodeficiency virus (three), typical hallmarks of kalaazar such as enlargement of spleen or hyperglobulinemia were absent in three and six patients, respectively. Extensive visceral involvement was noted by biopsies or autopsies in four patients. Diagnosis was made during evaluation for fever of unknown origin. Myriads of amastigotes were seen in bone marrow smears. Measurement of antibodies against Leishmania donovani was positive in each patient tested. Ultimately, three patients died, and chronic infections refractory to treatment developed in two other patients. Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially fatal infection in immunocompromised hosts. Current antiparasitic therapy frequently fails to eradicate L. donovani from infected tissues.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Videothoracoscopy versus thoracotomy in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial disease].

Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease. New endoscopic techniques allow performance of sampling procedures that have the same diagnostic accuracy and fewer complications that open lung biopsy (OLB). We evaluated our experience with video thoracoscopic lung biopsy (VTLB) in comparison with OLB in terms of diagnostic accuracy, duration of pleural drainage and hospital stay, number and size of samples and complications. Thirty patients who underwent VTLB from March 1987 to January 1995, and 28 patients who underwent OLB from May 1987 to January 1995 were studied retrospectively. Diagnosis was achieved in the VLTB group in 96.66% of cases and in the OLB group in 92.85%. The number of specimens obtained was 1.5 (SD 0.5) in the VTLB group (p = 0.47). Overall specimen size expressed in cm3 was 13.3 (SD-15.4) in the VTLB group and 18.5 (SD 21) in the OLB group (p = 0.284). Length of pleural drainage in hours was 52 (SD 39.9) in the VTLB group and 89.1 (SD 47) in the OLB group (p = 0.002). Length of hospital stay in days was 3.5 (SD 2) in the VTLB group and 8.7 (3.5) in the OLB group (p = 0.001). Complications were fewer and less severe after VLTB. VLTB is as useful as OLD for obtaining lung biopsies in diffuse interstitial lung disease. VLTB also causes fewer complications and is less expensive because drainage times and hospital stays are shorter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychopathological disorders in otorhinolaryngological neoplasms].

The authors analyze the psychopathologic disorders at the patients affected from O.R.L. cancers. They refer specially to larynx cancer, because of the significance on the loss in speech ability, if the treatment includes total laryngectomy, added to the fear characteristic of the patient with cancer. The highly incidence of alcoholism before diagnosis is also verified, what imply the addiction of psychopathologic disorders. It's estimated a well order to take part actively in their rehabilitation besides the lower incidence of alcoholism after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality and emesis in the patient treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy].

A sample of twenty cancer patients following chemotherapy realize MMPI questionnaire, and another one for valuation of emetic and anticipatory phenomena in relation to said therapy. The authors came to the conclusion that 36.8% of the sample had anticipatory nausea and vomiting, 63.6% anticipatory dysphoria, and 66% emetic incidents after chemotherapy. The conclusion, through comparison of personality variables, is that all patients showed neuroticism and depression scales increased, in relation to healthy population. Depression variable increased especially in patients that didn't present anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Likewise, patients with anticipatory symptoms or emetic incidents after chemotherapy present an increased social introversion variable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in interstitial pulmonary disease.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a biolipid of crucial importance in the inflammatory response. In the first part of this work we review the basic biochemical characteristics of PAF. Also, the production and degradation of PAF by inflammatory cells is detailed in depth, with a description of enzymes linked to these processes. Subsequently, we examine the main characteristics of the generation of PAF by pulmonary cells, with emphasis on its production by alveolar macrophages. We then discuss in depth the effects of this biolipid on the inflammatory cells present in interstitial disease. In this part of the review we describe the direct effect of PAF on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils), mononuclear phagocyte system cells, lymphocytes and endothelial cells. We then examine the indirect effect of PAF on inflammatory cells (mainly due to an interaction with neuropeptides). Finally, we discuss the data on the role of PAF in diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease (both human and experimental).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seasonality and psychiatric emergencies].

The purpose of this study is to analyze the seasonality of the psychiatric emergencies visited in a casualty department, prospectively, during twelve consecutive months. The data were obtained with a record card containing clinics, sociodemographics, and related to consulting moment variables. During the months comprised between June to September, the results showed a general increase on the majority diagnostics and/or syndromics consulting reasons, with mention special to affective disorders. The increase showed in these entities could be related with the summer increase in Avila population. Because of these reason, these results, over all, those referred to July and August, should be interpreted with caution. These and other considerations are commented on the discussion.

Adult↗