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Biomedical subjects

T Mathiesen

Publications and source records attributed to T Mathiesen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunoglobulin G subclasses and lymphocyte stimulatory responses to cytomegalovirus in transplant patients with primary cytomegalovirus infections.

The early activation of T- and B-cell responses to cytomegalovirus was studied in immunosuppressed patients. Primary lymphocyte stimulation to cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen, a measure of T-helper activity, and anti-CMV IgG subclass responses were analyzed. Ten patients suffering from primary CMV infection following renal transplantation were studied. Of the ten, nine became positive for CMV induced lymphocyte proliferation 5-40 weeks after transplantation. Nine showed an almost simultaneous appearance of anti-CMV IgG1 and three at 3-32 weeks after transplantation, while one patient synthesized only low levels of anti-CMV IgG1. The lymphocyte proliferation assays have limited diagnostic value for primary CMV infection in renal transplant patients. The humoral and cellular immune responses seemed to be independent of each other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Induction of MHC class I antigen expression following infection of a human esthesioneuroblastoma cell line with cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus.

Productive infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were established in the Tp41ON cell line derived from a human esthesioneuroblastoma. HIV antigen expression was highest in cultures coinfected with CMV and HIV. Viral infection caused increased MHC class I antigen expression while class II and CD4 antigens remained undetectable using immunofluorescence methods. Uninfected cultures showed 10% and coinfected cultures 80% class I antigen positive cells. In coinfected cultures, CMV and HIV antigens were detected in 4% and 8% of the cells, respectively. The detection of CMV antigens in some multinucleated cells suggests coinfection with both viruses in these cells, as multinucleated cells were not found in cultures infected with CMV only. The study shows that a cell line showing neuronal differentiation in vitro can be infected with CMV and HIV and that this infection increases MHC class I antigen expression.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Brain damage caused by hydrogen sulfide: a follow-up study of six patients.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning involves a risk of hypoxic brain damage. Six patients who lost consciousness due to H2S poisoning are described. The symptoms varied from anosmia in the patient with the shortest but highest exposure to delayed neurological deterioration in the patient with the longest exposure. The two patients with the most serious symptoms developed pulmonary edema, which may have prolonged the hypoxia. The patients were reexaminated 5 years or more after the poisoning. The five patients who had been unconscious in H2S atmosphere for from 5 to 15-20 min showed persisting impairment at neurological and neuropsychological re-examination. Memory and motor function were most affected. One patient was seriously demented. Recent reports of large groups of H2S-poisoned workers probably underestimate the risk of sequelae, due to the inclusion of cases with exposure of short duration and lack of follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Polymyalgia rheumatica. A disease in general practice].

In retrospective investigation from a group practice with 4,100 registered patients, the number of cases of giant cell arthritis (polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis) diagnosed during the period 1978-1988 was calculated. Possible diagnostic criteria and a proposal for a therapeutic plan are discussed. Twenty-eight patients (40% men and 60% women) participated in the investigation. This gives an incidence of 0.56/1,000 which is higher than in previous Danish investigations. Problems involved in excluding infectious diseases and malignant conditions are illustrated by means of a review of the reasons for consultation, the examinations performed and the treatments during a period of six months prior to commencement of steroid therapy. The diagnostic delay was found to be two months. 35% of the patients were hospitalized in the course of the disease. The average duration of treatment was 22.5 months. The importance of good information to the patients and the necessary of good cooperation between general practice and the hospital sector is emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Fine analysis of intrathecally synthesized anti-HIV IgG1-4 by peptide mapping.

ELISAs utilizing HIV-derived synthetic peptides as antigen were used to analyze serum and CSF IgG1-4 from 15 HIV infected patients. Intrathecally synthesized IgG1-4 reactive to one or several HIV-derived peptides were detectable in 12 of 15 patients. Intrathecally synthesized anti-peptide IgG was more common in patients with neurological symptoms than in those without. CSF reactivity not paralleled by serum reactivity was detected to HIV-peptides in 4 patients. IgG1-4 to gp41 was relatively more frequent in the CNS than IgG1-4 to gag. Intrathecal IgG synthesis to the gp120 peptide was not detected in any patient. The anti-peptide responses were dominated by IgG1. Intrathecal IgG2 and 4 synthesis was found in 2 and 5 patients, respectively. IgG3 synthesis intrathecally was not detected in any of the patients. ELISAs detecting IgG1-4 to HIV-derived synthetic peptides are feasible to analyze the fine specificities of intrathecal IgG. The mapping of idiotypes and isotypes of IgG synthesized in the CNS will increase the possibilities of elucidating B-cell regulation in the CNS and which viral components evoke immune responses.

Gene Products, gag↗
PubMed1990

Aberrant IgG subclass distribution to measles in healthy seropositive individuals, in patients with SSPE and in immunoglobulin-deficient patients.

Sera from healthy seropositive donors, patients with acute measles, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, common variable immunodeficiency, and CH gene deletions were analysed for anti-measles IgG1-4. Compared with other anti-viral immune responses of IgG1 and IgG3, an unusual predominance of specific IgG1 prevailed; only four out of a total of 68 patients showed anti-measles IgG3. Of the 17 healthy, measles seropositive serum donors, all showed specific IgG1, none showed IgG3 and six had IgG4. Eight out of 10 patients with SSPE showed an anti-measles IgG1 and IgG4 response while IgG3 was not seen. The IgG1 and IgG4 subclass patterns had some exceptions. Anti-measles IgG3 was found in five out of five patients with deletion of the gamma-1 encoding gene segments and in four out of 15 patients with recent measles antigen stimulation. The subclass pattern was suggested to reflect the immunological compromise associated with measles infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Specific in vitro IgG subclass synthesis and lymphocyte proliferation responses in herpes virus encephalitis.

Cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and sera from 5 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE), 3 with varicellae zoster (VZV) meningoencephalitis and 5 with encephalitis of unknown origin (NUD) were analyzed. Lymphocytes from both blood and CSF were shown to synthesize anti-VZV IgG subclasses in VZV meningoencephalitis and anti-HSV IgG subclasses in HSVE. The subclass patterns of CSF and in vitro synthesized anti-viral IgG were similar, suggesting that a considerable portion of the antiviral IgG subclasses detected are synthesized in the CNS compartment. Antigen presentation in vitro seemed to produce a heterologous IgG4 and/or 3 response in 3 patients. Lymphocyte proliferation was detectable in response to HSV and VZV, respectively.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Electrolyte concentrations in serum and CSF following subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Serum and CSF calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium were analyzed in 14 patients suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage and in 10 healthy controls. The calcium and potassium concentrations in serum and CSF were decreased while magnesium unchanged and sodium were unchanged. A deranged electrolyte homeostasis was thus detectable in the CSF following subarachnoid haemorrhage. It could not be established whether symptoms of delayed cerebral ischemia were related to CSF calcium and/or potassium levels.

Calcium↗
PubMed1990

Increased CSF neopterin levels in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Neopterin concentrations, reflecting T-cell macrophage activation, were analyzed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 14 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Neopterin concentrations were elevated in both the serum and CSF. The increase in neopterin concentrations was most marked in the CSF, rising from Days 1 to 3 through Days 6 to 9; levels were highest in patient suffering from delayed cerebral ischemia. The present data were interpreted as signs of an ongoing T cell activation both systemically and in the CSF compartment following SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[H2S poisoning and nervous system damage].

H2S (hydrogen sulfide) is a very toxic gas. Even brief exposure to high concentrations may be fatal. Unconsciousness may occur without warning. Those who try to help are often poisoned too. In Norway, most poisonings have been described in connection with the herring oil and fish meal industry, farmers handling manure, and sewage work. The risk of hypoxic damage to the nervous system is considerable. The clinical picture varies, and the connection between the patients' symptoms and the poisoning is easily overlooked, especially with delayed sequelae, which may occur several weeks after the acute poisoning. The risk of damage depends on both the exposure time and the concentration of H2S, and a thorough anamnesis, noting the course of events, is important in order to achieve a correct diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

IgG subclass responses to a transmembrane protein (gp41) peptide in HIV infection.

The IgG subclass distribution to the E34/E32 peptides, derived from the HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 transmembrane protein, was analyzed in ELISA. Sera from individuals at different stages of the disease were assayed. A restricted subclass response of mainly IgG1 and IgG2 was found. The subclass response was of a different type than the one observed to HIV whole Ag and to a synthetic peptide from the C'-terminal part of the HIV-1 p24 core protein. An increased subclass restriction was observed in progressed stages of the disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Nervous system damage caused by H2S poisoning without unconsciousness].

Acute H2S (hydrogen sulfide) poisoning can cause permanent damage to the nervous system. We describe two patients with such damage. Both reported nausea, feeling unwell and irritation of the eyes during work, and have developed persistent memory problems and neurasthenic symptoms. Neither of them had been unconscious. The first patient was exposed during one and a half hours welding of a sewage pump. The second patient worked for three weeks in a laboratory where hydrogen sulfide leaked from faulty equipment. The cases demonstrate the need for thorough work and symptom anamnesis together with neuropsychological testing in order to achieve a correct diagnosis of encephalopathy caused by hydrogen sulfide exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Induction of GFAP production in human glioma lines grafted into the anterior chamber of the rat eye.

Three established glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-negative cell lines from human gliomas were transplanted to the anterior chamber of the rat eye. Short-term survival was seen with all transplants. The cells expressed GFAP following transplantation. For comparison, 4 GFAP-positive cell lines were transplanted. With grafting of 5000 cells of any of 6 bipolar cell lines, the transplanted cells could be seen to develop multiple, slender processes reminiscent of mature astrocytes. When 50,000 cells were grafted, vascularized cell mats covering the corneae were seen. The induction of GFAP production and the phenotypic changes were interpreted as signs of differentiation induced by the new environment. All transplanted cells were rejected after 8 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Total, anti-viral, and anti-myelin IgG subclass reactivity in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

Total IgG subclass levels, anti-viral, anti-myelin basic protein (anti-MBP), and anti-ganglioside 1 (anti-GM1) IgG subclass levels were measured in 6 patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE), 16 with borreliosis, 8 with other bacterial infections, 12 with multiple sclerosis (MS), 13 with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), 5 with glioblastoma and 12 controls. Total IgG1 levels were elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from all patient groups (but not in the controls), IgG2 in bacterial infections, IgG3 in HSVE and borreliosis and IgG4 in some SSPE patients. The anti-viral (anti-measles, varicella zoster virus and rubella) IgG antibodies in MS were restricted to IgG1, anti-measles IgG to IgG1 and sometimes IgG4 in SSPE, anti-borrelia IgG to IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. In contrast to anti-viral antibodies, anti-MBP and GM1 antibodies belonged to IgG1, IgG3 or IgG4 in MS. The nature of the immunological activation appears to be reflected in the subclass patterns elicited in the central nervous system. Different IgG subclass patterns in infectious diseases and MS suggest a difference between antigen-specific and non-specific B-cell activation.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Detection of moving and stationary gratings in the absence of striate cortex.

A 30-yr-old woman whose left occipital lobe had been removed because of an arteriovenous malformation was tested for her ability to detect stationary flashing and moving luminance gratings in the right (blind) visual field. With stationary gratings the performance remained close to chance level, but with moving gratings her performance on a 2AFC task rose to an average of close to 68% during 1200 trials. Signals mediated via midbrain structures might be the basis for the above-chance detection of movement.

Adult↗