Aren't we all family physicians?
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Biomedical subjects
T McDowell
Publications and source records attributed to T McDowell.
Systems consultation and Head Start: an alternative to traditional family therapy.
As Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) enter Head Start programs, systems consultation emerges as a viable alternative to providing therapy to enrolled children and families. As systems consultants, family therapists can offer organizational consultation, training, and support to Head Start staff, classroom interventions, and direct work with families. This article describes a multidimensional model for providing comprehensive mental health consultation to Head Start programs. It explores the skills necessary for MFTs to work effectively as systems consultants. Finally, recommendations are made for applying the model in both university and private settings.
Adult↗
Streptococcus pyogenes: resistant, tolerant, neither or both?
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Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
A cystic fibrosis patient who is homozygous for the A559T mutation.
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Child, Preschool↗
Using health status surveys in medical consultations.
The goal of this research was to identify patients' preferences for physician inquiry into various aspects of health status and to examine whether the preconsultation availability of health status data (collected from the SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire) influenced the physician's conduct during the consultation. Results from 58 prenatal patient visits yielded the following findings. First, patients expressed strong preferences for physicians to ask about the patient's perceptions of health in general and about physical dimensions of health status such as pain, vitality, and role limitations due to physical functioning. Patients also were more satisfied when doctors were perceived as having asked about these issues. Second, patients varied considerably in their preferences for physician inquiries into psychosocial issues such as social functioning, mental health, and role limitations due to emotional problems. Approximately half the patients wanted these matters discussed, whereas the remainder either did not care or preferred that doctors not ask about these topics. Third, the preconsultation availability of health status information had little effect on the degree to which physicians asked about the patient's health-related quality of life. Clinical implications are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Disposition of fenbendazole in the rabbit.
The disposition of fenbendazole was studied in rabbits following either oral or intravenous administration. The major metabolites appearing in plasma were fenbendazole sulphoxide (oxfendazole) and fenbendazole sulphone. Calculation of the total urinary and faecal elimination of the drug and of its known metabolites showed that only 40 per cent of the dose was recovered after oral dosing; 29.7 per cent after an intravenous dose. The sulphoxide and sulphone were minor elimination products. The major excretory metabolite was p-hydroxyfenbendazole.
Administration, Oral↗
Vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey strain) infection in two California dairy herds: an epidemiologic study.
The course of vesicular stomatitis in cattle was investigated in 2 dairy herds (A and B) located in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Cattle were examined and specimens were obtained for virus isolation and for serologic survey for one year after an epizootic in December 1982. All 33 lactating cows selected for study had oral lesions, but only 19 (58%) were drooling or frothing around the mouth. Lesions on feet and teats were not observed. The healing time (longer than has been reported previously) for oral lesions ranged from 34 to 59 days. The mean serum neutralizing antibody titer for all cows tested in both herds 21 days after clinical signs were first observed was greater than 1:512. The mean titer decreased in the first 11 months after the epizootic, but remained greater than 1:128, and then increased during December 1983. Vesicular stomatitis virus/New Jersey strain was not isolated from 239 blood samples, 235 swab specimens of oral cavities, 38 swab specimens of oral epithelium, 206 urine specimens, or 232 fecal specimens collected from cows; however, it was isolated from tongue epithelium of 3 cows at 1, 4, and 21 days after signs of frothing were first noticed. For 20 lactating cows brought into dairy A during the epizootic, a mean time of 8.9 days elapsed between time of entry and appearance of clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Mycobacteriosis in cultured striped bass from California.
Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) juveniles raised in an intensive culture system had chronic mortality resulting from infections with Mycobacterium marinum. Approximately one-half of a population of 900 yearlings succumbed to the disease and 80% of those remaining were infected. The bacteria were isolated on Petrignani's medium after 7 days at 25 C and subcultures grew at temperatures from 20 to 37 C. The disease was characterized by systemic nodular lesions in all major organs. Older tubercles contained numerous acid-fast bacilli. Chemotherapy by feeding rifampin (6 mg/100 g of food for 60 days) was not an effective treatment. Subclinical mycobacteriosis in adult striped bass may be the source for vertical transmission to their progeny.
Animals↗
Disposition of fenbendazole in cattle.
Fenbendazole (FBZ) was administered to cattle IV and orally in a crossover design. Plasma concentration vs time profiles were reported for FBZ and its major metabolites, the sulfoxide (oxfendazole) and the sulfone. The total excretion of FBZ and its metabolites in urine and feces was also measured for 6 days after administration. All known metabolites were identified in urine and feces except for fenbendazole amine. Neither this minor metabolite nor p-hydroxyfenbendazole (FBZ-OH) appeared in plasma. The major excretory product was FBZ-OH. After oral administration, only 44.6% of the dose was eliminated after 6 days, indicating a fairly high degree of sequestration, probably within the gastrointestinal tract.
Administration, Oral↗
Characteristics of a new reovirus from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).
The characteristics of a reovirus (CRV) recently isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were examined following purification of virions from infected cell cultures. Virions had double capsids, the inner and outer with diameters of 55 nm and 75 nm respectively. Complete virions had a density of 1.36 g/ml in CsCl gradients and contained seven polypeptides of 132 000, 130 000, 110 000, 68 000, 56 000, 43 000 and 32 000 mol. wt. The nucleic acid labelled with [5-3H]uridine had a density of 1.56 g/ml in Cs2SO4 gradients, which suggested that it is double-stranded RNA. The genome was composed of 11 segments that ranged in mol. wt. from approximately 0.4 X 10(6) to 2.5 X 10(6). Serum cross-neutralization comparisons of CRV to reoviruses isolated from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) indicated that each was distinct although some crossreactions were observed. These viruses seem to represent three serotypes of a new genus within the family Reoviridae.
Animals↗
Sphaerospora ictaluri n. sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosphoridae) observed in the kidney of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus rafinesque.
Sphaerospores were found in the kidneys of alevin channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from a farm in Central California. Multicellular developmental stages, similar to C-blood protozoans described for Sphaerospora spp. from cyprinid fishes, were observed in circulating blood and numerous tissues. Upon a 2nd examination of the same population of fish 10 days later, sporogonic stages were seen developing into mature sphaerospores in the lumina of the kidney tubules. Sporogenesis was asynchronous with simple unicellular stages adjacent to more complex forms with developing polar capsules and valves. Only one elliptical spore (5.6 microns in width, 6.5 microns in thickness by 5.8 microns in length) developed within the surrounding pseudoplasmodium. Thin valves surrounded two sporoplasm cells and two subspherical polar capsules (1.7 x 1.9 microns) which contained a polar filament with four to five turns. The blood stages of the Sphaerospora sp. described here are similar to the trophozoites seen in channel catfish with proliferative gill disease (PGD). Early stages of PGD also observed in the same population of channel catfish containing developmental and sporogonic stages of this newly recognized Sphaerospora sp. may suggest a causal relationship between this new myxosporean and the gill disease.
Animals↗
Methodology for the analysis of benzimidazole anthelmintics as drug residues in animal tissues.
Methodology for the analysis of 8 benzimidazoles as residues in bovine liver is reported. Spiked tissues were extracted by homogenization in saline and ammonium hydroxide and blending with diatomaceous earth. This matrix was packed into a column, and the benzimidazoles were eluted with ethyl acetate. After the sample was further purified, benzimidazoles were separated and quantitated by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (290 nm). Liver tissue samples obtained from cattle which had undergone a drug depletion study of fenbendazole administered per os were analyzed using these methods. The results of these analyses and the application of this approach to multiresidue analysis of drugs in animal tissues are discussed.
Animals↗