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Biomedical subjects

T McLoud

Publications and source records attributed to T McLoud.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

The practice of chest radiology in departments with residency programs.

OBJECTIVES: The authors assessed to what extent radiology teaching programs employed dedicated chest radiologists and their functions. METHODS: Information regarding the clinical, teaching, and research role of the chest radiologist was available from responses to a survey of radiology departments with residency training programs in the United States and Canada. Emphasis was placed on the role of chest subspecialists, "dedicated chest radiologists" (DCRs), who spent at least two thirds of their clinical time interpreting and directing chest-related imaging studies and procedures. RESULTS: Among the 171 residency programs that responded, 118 had DCRs. There were 262 full-time and 233 part-time DCR positions, of which 43 were not filled. Among departments with DCRs, 66% were medical school programs while the remaining 34% were independent or medical-school-affiliated programs; 30% were organized by organ system, 5% by technology, and 65% had a combination of both; and 78% had more than 12 residents. DCRs interpreted routine chest radiographs in 96%, critical care radiographs in 94%, chest computed tomography (CT) studies in 72%, and chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in 44% of their departments. Departments without DCRs were usually smaller, 70% having 12 or fewer residents. Their designated chest radiologists interpreted all chest radiographs in 21%, all critical care radiographs in 19%, all chest CT studies in 13% and all chest MRI studies in 8% of these departments. CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated chest radiologists were more involved than non-DCRs in all aspects of chest imaging, teaching, and research including analysis of image quality and acquisition of new technology. The highest quality of chest radiology training, defined as programs in which the chest fellowship positions were filled in 1991, was found in departments in which DCRs interpreted all chest radiographs, all chest CT studies, and most MRI studies.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

Enlarging pleural effusion after liver transplantation.

Ten of 42 patients who underwent liver transplantation were retrospectively found to have enlarging pleural effusions later than 3 days after transplantation. Seven of the 10 patients had subdiaphragmatic pathology, including 4 with hematomas, 1 with a biloma, and 2 with abscesses. One patient with a subphrenic abscess also had an empyema. Patients with a enlarging pleural effusion later than 3 days after transplantation should be evaluated for subdiaphragmatic pathology.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The radiographic pleural abnormalities in asbestos exposure: relationship to physiologic abnormalities.

The effects of asbestos-induced benign pleural conditions on pulmonary function have been controversial since this subject was first studied in the mid-1960s. Firm conclusions have been difficult to reach because of (1) the difficulty of taking into account asbestos exposure, which may have effects on pulmonary function other than those mediated through pleural lesions, (2) the disagreement over the type and extent of radiographic pleural abnormalities, (3) the imprecision in measuring pulmonary function, and (4) the numerous potential confounding factors of reduced pulmonary function, such as cigarette smoking, age, concurrent occupational exposures, and prior chest diseases or trauma. This article critically evaluates the published reports on the functional significance of asbestos-induced pleural conditions. The results of this analysis lead to the conclusion that (1) pleural plaques are not associated with clinically significant reductions in pulmonary function, (2) diffuse pleural thickening, when extensive, can severely impair ventilation, and (3) restriction with a preserved diffusing capacity is the expected pattern when pleural lesions are responsible for reduced pulmonary function.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1980

Detection of metastatic disease from carcinoma of the breast: limited value of full lung tomography.

Until now no large prospective study has been made to evaluate the efficacy of full lung tomography in detection of pulmonary metastases from carcinoma of the breast in the presence of a negative chest radiograph. In the current study, 144 patients with proven breast carcinoma and a negative chest radiograph underwent full lung tomography. Nodules were demonstrated in three patients and, in two of them, presumably reflected metastatic disease. Both patients had advanced extrapulmonary metastatic disease at the time of full lung tomography and in neither case did a change in therapy result. One presumed false-positive observation was also made. Because of the low propensity for carcinoma of the breast to metastasize to the lungs, full chest tomography does not appear warranted as a screening procedure in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cytomegaloviral infection presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule.

Cytomegaloviral infection presenting in an immunologically compromised host as a solitary pulmonary nodule has not previously been reported. A patient with a renal transplant and with no pulmonary symptoms was noted to have a single nodule on a chest roentgenogram. At autopsy, this proved to be secondary to cytomegaloviral infection. Differential diagnostic considerations in the immunosuppressed patient are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radiographic chest abnormalities in adult hemophilia.

The chest radiographs of 33 adult hemophiliacs were reviewed for possible pulmonary features of this disease. Only 7 patients showed no abnormalities; 12 patients exhibited scarring, fibrosis, and pleural thickening of the lung, interpreted as the sequelae of intrapulmonary hemorrhage or hemothorax. The remaining 14 patients demonstrated abnormalities of the pulmonary vessels, and 4 of them had evidence of hyperinflation. Possible etiologic factors are discussed.

Adolescent↗