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Biomedical subjects

T McMahon

Publications and source records attributed to T McMahon.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Psychiatry--family practice liaison: a collaborative approach to clinical training.

In view of the growing need for effective liaison between psychiatry and family practice programs, some of the models for educational and clinical liaison are discussed, and a clinical training program is described in which psychiatry and family practice educators work collaboratively in the training of both family practice and psychiatry residents and medical students. The program is offered as a model for providing comprehensive clinical training to residents and students and comprehensive clinical care to patients.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1983

The use of DSM-III in a general hospital consultation-liaison service.

Eighteen months' use of DSM-III by a consultation-liaison service in a university hospital is reported. DSM-III's multiaxial system seems to be feasible and revealing, but presents some problems. Adjustment Disorder and Organic Mental Disorders were the most frequent Axis I diagnoses. Approximately one-fourth of the patients received an Axis II diagnosis and 85% received an Axis III diagnosis. In 70% of the patients there was both a psychiatric diagnosis (on Axis I or II) and a physical disorder (on Axis III). On Axis IV and V, this population appeared to be under moderate to severe psychosocial stress and had, as a group, a fair or better level of previous adaptive functioning. The possible significance of these findings and potential areas for further refinements and investigations are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1973

Size and shape in biology.

Arguments based on elastic stability and flexure, as opposed to the more conventional ones based on yield strength, require that living organisms adopt forms whereby lengths increase as the (2/3) power of diameter. The somatic dimensions of several species of animals and of a wide variety of trees fit this rule well. It is a simple matter to show that energy metabolism during maximal sustained work depends on body cross-sectional area, not total body surface area as proposed by Rubner (1) and many after him. This result and the result requiring animal proportions to change with size amount to a derivation of Kleiber's law, a statement only empirical until now, correlating the metabolically related variables with body weight raised to the (3/4) power. In the present model, biological frequencies are predicted to go inversely as body weight to the (1/4) power, and total body surface areas should correlate with body weight to the (5/8) power. All predictions of the proposed model are tested by comparison with existing data, and the fit is considered satisfactory. In The Fire of Life, Kleiber (5) wrote "When the concepts concerned with the relation of body size and metabolic rate are clarified, . . . then compartive physiology of metabolism will be of great help in solving one of the most intricate and interesting problems in biology, namely the regulation of the rate of cell metabolism." Although Hill (23) realized that "the essential point about a large animal is that its structure should be capable of bearing its own weight and this leaves less play for other factors," he was forced to use an oversimplified "geometric similarity" hypothesis in his important work on animal locomotion and muscular dynamics. It is my hope that the model proposed here promises useful answers in comparisons of living things on both the microscopic and the gross scale, as part of the growing science of form, which asks precisely how organisms are diverse and yet again how they are alike.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring the effectiveness of bioptic telescopes for persons with central vision loss.

PURPOSE: 1) To evaluate a vision rehabilitation program aimed at training persons with central vision loss to use a bioptic telescope for improving life skills, including driving and 2) to compare the outcomes of subjects who are given bioptic telescopes and training, with subjects who are prescribed telescopic lenses without training. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects ranging in age from 16 to 78 years were included in the study. Each subject was randomized to one of three groups: Group 1 received bioptic telescopes and training during the first approximately 3-month-long period of the approximately 6-month-long study; Group 2 received lenses and training during the second approximately 3-month-long period of the study; and Group 3 received the lenses for approximately 3 months without any training. An assessment battery consisting of clinical vision tests, functional tasks evaluated by an orientation and mobility specialist, driving skills evaluated by a kinesiotherapist specializing in driver's education, and psychophysical measures was administered to Groups 1 and 2 at baseline, and at approximately 3 and 6 months, and to Group 3 at baseline and at approximately 3 months. The tasks were categorized into 6 major functional categories: Recognition, Mobility, Peripheral Identification, Scanning, Tracking, and Visual Memory. Training consisted of 5 weeks of laboratory-based training focusing on skills within these 6 categories, and 8 weeks of on-road driving training. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in all task categories with use of the telescopes. There was improvement in all task groups with training, though a significant difference between the trained and untrained groups existed only in the Recognition, Peripheral Identification, and Scanning Categories, but not in Mobility, Tracking, or Visual Memory. When the tasks involving driving-related skills were analyzed separately, training also had a significant effect. CONCLUSION: There was significant improvement in visual skills with the use of a bioptic telescope. This improvement was greater with training in the use of the lenses in a number of visual skills categories including driving-related skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bicarbonate-based powder and paste dentifrice effects on caries.

The effects of sodium bicarbonate-based powder and paste dentifrices on dental caries and Streptococcus sobrinus recoveries in rats were studied. Three S. sobrinus 6715-13WT infected groups of specific pathogen-free weanling rats, consuming a diet which contains 56% sucrose, were topically treated with either demineralized water, dentifrice paste, or dentifrice powder. Both the paste and powder contained 0.22% (w/w) NaF. All topical treatments were given for one min daily per rat, five days a week. Animals' teeth were swabbed for recovery of 6715-13WT and total recoverable flora. Recoveries of 6715-13WT were 75% lower from both powder-treated and paste-treated dentifrice than from water-treated rats' teeth (p less than 0.001). Total caries scores were 45% lower for the powder-treated and 43% lower for the paste-treated rats than the water-treated ones (p less than 0.01). The major portion of the caries inhibition was evident on smooth tooth surfaces, 68% for powder-treated and 65% for paste-treated by comparison with water-treated animals (p less than 0.01), although a lesser caries reduction was also evident in tooth fissures (sulci). Thus, both powder and paste formulations of a sodium bicarbonate-based dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF equally and potently inhibited caries in rats, challenged bacteriologically and dietarily to develop severe caries.

Animals↗