Biomedical subjects

T Minetoma

Publications and source records attributed to T Minetoma.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1994

Morphological observation on extrahepatic bile duct of golden hamsters fed a lithogenic diet: histochemical, ultrastructural and cell kinetic studies.

Cholelithiasis is often accompanied with disorders of the extrahepatic bile duct and pancreas. However, studies on changes of the extrahepatic bile duct in cholecystolithiasis have not shown this clearly. We therefore investigated sequential histologic changes, mucous secretion and DNA synthetic activity of the extrahepatic bile duct epithelium in cholecystolithiasis. Serial changes in the mucosal epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct in golden hamsters treated with a lithogenic diet were examined by light and electron microscopy and an ultrastructural quantitative technique. In addition, epithelial cell kinetics were studied using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). After the 2nd week of diet, the extrahepatic bile duct showed an increase in goblet cells of the mucosal epithelium, a large number of secretory granules in the upper nuclear area of the epithelial cells and an increase in the BrdU-labeling index compared with the controls. These findings indicate that mucous secretion and cell turnover were enhanced in the mucosal epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct in cholelithiasis, suggesting that the epithelial cells of the bile duct were protected and regenerating.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Serum hyaluronate reflects hepatic sinusoidal capillarization.

BACKGROUND: Most of circulating hyaluronate has been commonly degraded by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). In hepatic sinusoidal capillarization, SECs morphologically change and also seem to decrease hyaluronate degradation. This work expands on the relationship between serum hyaluronate levels and changes in hepatic SECs accompanying hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. METHODS: Serum hyaluronate levels were determined using an enzyme binding assay system. Liver biopsy specimens were collected to examine basement-membrane formation, the localization of Weibel-Palade bodies, and the localization of factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) in SECs. RESULTS: Serum hyaluronate levels increased with the progression of liver disorder, being high in all patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients showing markedly high serum hyaluronate levels, 200 ng/mL or more, had liver cirrhosis involving the SECs, which showed basement-membrane formation, Weibel-Palade bodies, and FVIIIRAg and closely resembled vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the serum hyaluronate concentration allows the evaluation of morphological and functional changes that occur in SEC accompanying hepatic sinusoidal capillarization in various liver disorders. The findings also suggest that patients with high serum hyaluronate levels, 200 ng/mL or more, have liver cirrhosis with typical hepatic sinusoidal capillarization formed by SECs containing FVIIIRAg.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Relationship between gallbladder contractility and muscular fibrosis in the patients with cholecystolithiasis--immunohistochemical analysis].

The gallbladder muscular layers of the patients with cholecystolithiasis were examined to evaluate the relationship between the gallbladder contractility and fibrosis in the muscular layers. Gallbladder contractility decreased as the fibrosis of muscular layers became severe. The density of the antimacrophage (M phi) antibody positive cells in the muscular layers was apparently greater in the remarkable fibrosis group than in the unremarkable fibrosis group, and the density of the anti-TGF-beta antibody positive cells in the remarkable fibrosis group was significantly greater than in the unremarkable fibrosis group. Smooth muscle cells in the muscular layers had changed morphologically from a contractile type to a synthetic type, and fibroblasts were frequently observed in the muscular layers of the remarkable fibrosis group. Immunohistochemically, type III collagen was detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum not only of fibroblasts but also of synthetic type-smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that the fibrosis in the muscular layers is one of the factors responsible for reduced gallbladder contractility in patients with cholecystolithiasis, and the increase of M phi, fibroblasts and synthetic type-smooth muscle cells is involved in such a fibrotic change of the gallbladder muscular layers.

Cholelithiasis↗

PubMed1990

The multiplication of transmissible gastroenteritis viruses in several cell lines originated from porcine kidney and effects of trypsin on the growth of the viruses.

Plaque formation, replication and related cytopathic function of 9 strains of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus were examined in primary cells and cell lines such as CPK, IB-RS-2, ESK, and PK-15 originated from porcine kidney and the effects of trypsin on the replication of TGE virus were examined in CPK cells. All strains produced a cytopathic effect and grew well in CPK cells as well as in primary porcine kidney cells. The effect of trypsin on the plaque formation was different from strains. The number of plaques produced by strains TO-163, Ukiha and Niigata increased from 2.6 to 3.52 times when trypsin was present in the medium during incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 hr after adsorption of the virus at 4 degrees C for 2 hr. The plaque sizes of TO-163, h-5, Ukiha and Niigata became larger from 1.4 to 1.7 times, when trypsin was present in the agar MEM overlay.

Cell Line↗

PubMed1987

Intracellular localization and transport of three different bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins involved in neutralization.

Monoclonal antibodies against 3 different glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) involved in virus neutralization were used in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests to characterize the appearance and transport to the plasma membrane of virus antigens in the infected cells. Antibodies against gp 117 and gp 71 glycoproteins first showed pronounced ring-like nuclear fluorescence at 4 hours post-infection (PI), followed by staining of the perinuclear region, presumably the Golgi apparatus. In contrast, antibody against gp 87 produced staining in cell-to-cell junctional areas at 3 hours PI before any staining close to the nucleus. The expression of the 3 glycoproteins at the surface of the infected cells was confirmed by the use of monoclonal antibodies having neutralizing activity, but not by non-neutralizing antibodies against gp 117 and gp 71. Non-neutralizing antibody against gp 87 detected the surface fluorescence only in those cells showing marked degeneration. Inhibition of glycosylation of the viral glycoproteins with tunicamycin (TM) was followed by interference with transport of gp 117 and gp 87 to the plasma membrane. On the other hand, gp 71 was incorporated into the plasma membrane despite the lack of N-linked glycosylation.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 gp87 mediates both attachment of virions to susceptible cells and hemagglutination.

The 87,000-dalton glycoprotein (gp87) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was found to selectively attach to susceptible cells. The attachment of gp87 to the cells was markedly decreased by the prior adsorption of intact virions. Anti-gp87 (site Ia) monoclonal antibody, which inhibited BHV-1 adsorption to the cells and neutralized the virus without complement [Okazaki et al., Virology 250: 260-264], was effective in inhibiting the adsorption of gp87. Only the same antibody was able to inhibit the hemagglutination activity of BHV-1. Other monoclonal antibodies to the glycoproteins of BHV-1, including antibodies directed to sites Ib and Ic on gp87, were ineffective in inhibiting either virus adsorption or hemagglutination. The results of this study indicate that site Ia of gp87 molecule is the critical site of virus attachment for initiation of infection as well as the hemagglutination of BHV-1.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Mechanisms of neutralization by monoclonal antibodies to different antigenic sites on the bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins.

Monoclonal antibodies directed to different antigenic sites on bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoproteins were used to study the mechanisms of neutralization of the virus. Three nonoverlapping neutralizing antigenic sites, designated Ia, Ib, and Ic, were defined on gp87. Antibodies to site Ia which mediated viral neutralization without complement were effective on inhibition of virus adsorption. Antibodies to a single neutralization site on gp71, designated IIa, were able to neutralize the virus without complement even when they were incubated with the virus which had already adsorbed onto the cells. Antibodies directed against gp117 and antibodies against sites Ib and Ic on gp87 required complement for virus neutralization.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1986

Detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in feces from pigs by reversed passive hemagglutination.

A reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) method was developed for the detection of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus in the fecal specimens from pigs. Ovine erythrocytes fixed with glutaraldehyde and treated with tannic acid were coated with anti-TGE virus swine antibodies, which were purified by affinity chromatographic technique linked with purified TGE virus. The RPHA test was done by the Microtiter method. Erythrocytes coated with purified specific antibodies were agglutinated by TGE virus, but not by porcine rotavirus or porcine enterovirus. The reaction was specifically inhibited by antiserum against TGE virus, confirming the specificity of the reaction. A litter of seven 3-day-old pigs was orally inoculated with TGE virus, and fecal specimens were obtained once a day and serum was obtained every 4th day. With the RPHA test, TGE virus was detected in the diarrheal feces; all of the inoculated pigs developed virus-neutralization antibody for the TGE virus. The RPHA test detected TGE virus in feces from pigs with naturally occurring diarrhea. The RPHA test detected TGE virus in 5 of 6 fecal specimens (80%), whereas the positive rate was only 50% (3/6) for the immunofluorescent staining of primary cultures of porcine kidney cells inoculated with the specimens. The advantages of the RPHA method are simplicity, high sensitivity, and rapid to do.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Arterial oxygen desaturation during non-sedated diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis.

Oxygen saturation was studied with a pulse oximeter in 80 patients with cirrhosis (44 Pugh-Child's class A, 25 class B, and 11 class C) and 80 controls undergoing diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). No narcotic agent was used during the procedure. Baseline SaO2 was significantly lower in cirrhotics than in controls (97.7 +/- 1.0% versus 98.4 +/- 0.9%, p < 0.01). However, nadir SaO2 during EGD was similar for controls and cirrhotics (94.7 +/- 3.0% versus 94.9 +/- 3.3%, NS). Significant hypoxia was found in 29 (36%) control patients: mild hypoxia (95% > nadir SaO2 > or = 90%) in 22 patients and severe hypoxia (nadir SaO2 < 90%) in 7. Similarly, significant hypoxia was noted in 28 (35%) cirrhotic patients: mild hypoxia in 21 and severe hypoxia in 7. The mean duration of significant hypoxia during total EGD time was also similar for controls and cirrhotics (7.4 +/- 6.3% versus 9.2 +/- 10.7%, NS). When the degree of hypoxia during EGD was correlated with the severity of liver disease, analysis of variance (ANOVA) failed to show a significant relationship between Pugh-Child's class and nadir SaO2 or duration of significant hypoxia during total EGD time. These results suggest that oxygen desaturation during EGD occurs both in cirrhotic patients and in controls. We therefore conclude that a population of patients with cirrhosis does not have an increased risk of oxygen desaturation during non-sedated EGD.

Body Mass Index↗

PubMedDate not supplied

McCormack's endoscopic signs for diagnosing portal hypertension: comparison with gastroesophageal varices.

To assess the significance of McCormack's gastric mucosal signs for diagnosing portal hypertension, 100 controls and 100 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension underwent endoscopy. Each endoscopic recording was reviewed by multiple blinded observers to reduce bias. Individual signs more frequently observed in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension than in controls were fine pink speckling (20% versus 8%, p < 0.05), the snakeskin pattern (30% versus 5%, p < 0.01), and cherry-red spots (15% versus 3%, p < 0.01). In contrast, the prevalence of superficial reddening was similar in the two groups (7% versus 13%, NS). Overall, these gastric mucosal signs also appeared more commonly in patients with portal hypertension than in controls (54% versus 27%, p < 0.01); the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of McCormack's signs (overall assessment) for diagnosing portal hypertension were 54%, 73%, and 64%, respectively. Corresponding figures for modified McCormack's signs (exclusion of superficial reddening) were 50%, 85%, and 68%. However, these figures were still lower than those for gastroesophageal varices (72%, 100%, and 86%). We conclude that (1) superficial reddening is not a specific finding in patients with portal hypertension, and (2) gastric mucosal findings are of low sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing portal hypertension compared with gastroesophageal varices.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Susceptibility of chickens to avian nephritis virus at various inoculation routes and ages.

Factors that influence the response of chickens to avian nephritis virus (ANV) were studied. Day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated with the G-4260 strain of ANV by oral, subcutaneous, intratracheal, intramuscular, and intracerebral routes at a dose of 10(5.0) plaque-forming units (PFUs) per chick. Inoculation induced only nephritis, and contact infection ANV occurred very easily. When 1-, 14-, 28-, 56-, and 300-day-old chickens were inoculated orally with 10(5.0) PFUs of the virus, the day-old chicks appeared to be most susceptible; histopathological responses to the virus became weak as chicks aged. The serological response of 28-day-old chickens to ANV was stronger that those of other groups. Pathologically, the adult chickens hardly responded to the virus, but they produced antibodies against the virus.

Age Factors↗