Biomedical subjects

T Mirza

Publications and source records attributed to T Mirza.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Determination of captopril in pharmaceutical tablets by anion-exchange HPLC using indirect photometric detection; a study in systematic method development.

The development and validation of a significantly cost effective and simpler anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatorgaphic (HPLC) procedure than the compendial methods for the analysis of captopril in tablet dosage forms using indirect photometric detection is described. A low capacity anion-exchange column was used with potassium phthalate as the mobile phase marker and indirect detection at 280 nm. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using the Box and Behnken factorial experimental design. The method was precise and accurate with percent recovery (+/-%R.S.D.) of 99.8+/-0.7% (n=12) with the spiked concentrations ranging between +/-30% of the assay level. Youden and Steiner's robustness test, involving seven chosen variables, showed that the method is robust. Using the developed method, commercially available captopril tablets were assayed and the results were found to be comparable with those obtained by the compendial method.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMed2001

Serving rural Australia with reproductive health expertise.

This study aimed to review the use of reproductive health services in Family Planning clinics by women from rural (non-metropolitan) Australia through a retrospective analysis of data collected at clinics of seven state/territory Family Planning Organisations (FPO). From a total of 146 157 client visits to FPO clinics between July 1998 and June 1999, 42 497 (29.1%) were by clients who lived outside metropolitan areas. Some 97% of clients were women. Our results show the use of reproductive health services by women from rural areas was different from the services used by women from metropolitan areas. There were fewer male clients, more women over 40 years of age, and fewer clients from a non-English speaking background. More of the attendees had pension cards and fewer were privately insured. We concluded there is considerable demand for reproductive health services among the rural population and reproductive health care needs to be expanded to reach rural women.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

High FUS/TLS expression in acute myeloid leukaemia samples.

Retinoic acid has the ability to induce differentiation in some myeloid leukaemia cell lines and has been used to induce remission in acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients. We have analysed changes in gene expression, by differential display, in HL60 cells exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for only 1 h. Only about 0.4% of the genes examined by this technique showed changes in expression level, and all four of the gene fragments identified were downregulated during the short 1 h exposure. Two of the fragments were novel, a third was MYC and the fourth was the FUS proto-oncogene. Northern analysis showed that FUS was downregulated within 1 h only during induced neutrophil differentiation but not at all during induced monocyte differentiation. Unlike the sensitive cell lines, ATRA-resistant cell lines did not show a downregulation of FUS over a 24 h period of exposure to ATRA. Using a semiquantitative PCR analysis, no difference in FUS levels was observed between ATRA-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. A similar analysis was carried out on primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), peripheral stem cell harvests (PBSC) and cord blood samples. The PBSC and cord blood samples had FUS levels that were similar or generally less than the cell lines. However, much higher levels were seen in 63% of the AML samples examined. The data presented are consistent with previous reports for a role for FUS in the promotion and maintenance of cellular proliferation.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

Cleaning level acceptance criteria and a high pressure liquid chromatography procedure for the assay of Meclizine Hydrochloride residue in swabs collected from pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment surfaces.

A method using pharmacologically based and visual limit of detection criteria to determine the acceptable residue level for Meclizine Hydrochloride (MH) on pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment surfaces after cleaning is described. A formula was used in order to determine the pharmacologically safe cleaning level for MH. This level was termed as specific residual cleaning Level (SRCL) and calculated to be 50 microg 100 cm(-2). The visual limit of detection (VLOD) was determined by spiking different levels of MH on stainless steel plates and having the plates examined by a group of observers. The lowest level that could be visually detected by the majority of the observers, 62.5 microg 100 cm(-2), was considered as the VLOD for MH. The lower of the SRCL and VLOD values, i.e. 50 microg 100 cm(-2), was therefore chosen as the cleaning acceptance criterion. A sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the assay of MH in swabs used to test equipment surfaces. Using this method, the mean recoveries of MH from spiked swabs and '180-Grit' stainless steel plates were 87.0 and 89.5% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of +/- 3.3 and +/- 2.4%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the assay of actual swab samples collected from the equipment surfaces. The stability of MH on stainless steel plates, on cleaning swabs and in the extraction solution was investigated.

Antiemetics↗

PubMed1999

The use of family planning services by non-English speaking background (NESB) women.

This study was undertaken to determine the proportion of family planning organization clients who are from a non-English speaking background (NESB), to analyse the services they used, and to compare it to the services used by other clients. Analysis of clinic data sheets from the 8 State/Territory family planning organizations (FPO) was conducted. From a total of 185,879 client visits in FPO clinics between July, 1996 and June, 1997, 27,349 (14.7%) were from NESB. The proportion of clients with NESB was quite similar to that in the community. This means that in general, FPOs are reaching their share of clients with NESB. The patterns of reproductive health services used varied between NESB women compared to English speaking women.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Management of reproductive tract infections in rural Bangladesh.

This study was undertaken to identify existing reproductive tract infection (RTI) treatment practices of the government family planning (FP) paramedics in rural Bangladesh. It also assessed the knowledge and perceptions of the clients about RTIs as well as the service-seeking behaviour of the clients and their husbands. Data on paramedic treatment practices were collected by observing paramedic-client interactions at the family welfare centres (FWCs) and satellite clinics (SCs). One hundred clients seeking RTI treatment were observed. The same clients were interviewed at departure from the health-care facility to assess their knowledge and perceptions about RTIs as well as service-seeking behaviour of the clients and their husbands. Twenty-four village practitioners were also interviewed to assess their knowledge on the subject. Results of the study showed that in the treatment of RTI, paramedics of government FP services commonly: (i) did not do a physical examination, (ii) used a substandard dosage of drugs, and (iii) made no attempt to notify or treat male partners. Thirty-one of the 97 clients reported that their husbands had some kind of genital problem. It was revealed from the study that as an alternative to the government FP services, the clients and their husbands often seek RTI treatment from the village practitioners though the village practitioners' knowledge concerning RTI is poor. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the knowledge and skills of the paramedics and village practitioners for RTI treatment be strengthened. Prevention of RTI through awareness campaigns is essential for the control of RTIs, and especially of STDs.

Bangladesh↗

PubMed1998

Capillary gas chromatographic assay of residual methenamine hippurate in equipment cleaning validation swabs.

A capillary gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of methenamine hippurate residue in swabs collected from manufacturing equipment surfaces. Any residual methenamine hippurate remaining on process equipment after cleaning is removed by swabbing with one wet polyester Absorbond swab (4" x 4") pre-moistened with water followed by a dry Absorbond swab. The residual methenamine hippurate is chromatographed on a 30 x 0.32 mm (i.d.) Supelcowax-10 capillary column of 0.25-micron film thickness. The amount of residual methenamine hippurate is determined by comparing the ratio of methenamine hippurate peak area response to that of p-cresol (internal standard) obtained for the sample to a linear calibration curve obtained for a series of standard solutions. The method is demonstrated to be sufficiently linear, accurate, precise, sensitive and rugged for the determination of low levels of methenamine hippurate on equipment surfaces. Using this method, the mean recovery of methenamine hippurate from spiked Absorbond swab samples contained in high density polyethylene bottles was 105.2%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of +/- 7.1% (n = 25). The mean recoveries of methenamine hippurate from spiked test plates for '180 Grit' Stainless Steel, Teflon and WARCO White (neoprene and PVC) gasket material were 77.2, 96.1 and 50.6%, with RSDs of +/- 9.4 (n = 25), +/- 4.3 (n = 25) and +/- 36% (n = 20), respectively. Recovery correction factors have been incorporated into the method. The method was successfully applied to the assay of actual equipment cleaning validation swab samples. Stability studies demonstrate that methenamine hippurate is not very stable on the equipment surfaces or in the swabs. It is recommended that the surfaces be swabbed immediately after cleaning and the swabs analyzed within 24 h after sample collection. The results demonstrate that in order to fully validate the cleaning procedures, it is not only necessary to investigate the recovery of the drug from equipment surfaces and swabs but also that the stability of the drug on the surfaces and swabs be determined.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗

PubMed1998

Capillary gas chromatographic assay of camphor and m-cresol in dermatological creams.

Camphor and m-cresol mixtures are used in antiseptic and anti-itching creams. No compendial method exists for these preparations. This paper reports a capillary gas chromatographic method using FID detection with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as internal standard on a 30 m x 0.32 mm Supelcowax -10 column (0.25 micron film) with helium as carrier gas. Ramped temperature programming was applied. The method allows simultaneous quantitation of camphor and m-cresol in the presence of o- and p-cresols, calamine and zinc oxide. Overall percent recoveries (+/- SD, n = 9) of camphor, o-, p- and m-cresol from spiked placebo creams, at a labeled amount of 10 (w/w)% were 96.9 +/- 0.6, 98.2 +/- 0.6, 99.2 +/- 0.5 and 101.0 +/- 0.9%, respectively, and at a labeled amount of 1% were 96.7 +/- 0.6, 97.8 +/- 0.9, 97.8 +/- 0.6, and 100.3 +/- 1.0%, respectively. The recovery studies were carried out at +/- 30% of the labeled amounts. Linear peak area or height ratios were obtained (r > 0.999) for camphor, o-, p- and m-cresol covering a concentration range of 10-200% of the labeled amount. Linearity (r > 0.999) was also obtained for m-cresol when the relative concentration of o- and p-cresol was varied from 5 to 100% of the m-cresol concentration. The resolution between the 'critical pair' of p- and m-cresol was > or = 1.1. The limit of quantitation was 23 pg for m-cresol and 9.3 pg for camphor using an injection split of 1:50. The repeatability (%RSD) for all compounds were < 2% for peak area and < 1.4% for peak height ratios. System suitability and robustness of the method were established. The method was successively applied to the assay of available commercial products and allows assay of camphor and the three cresol isomers.

Antipruritics↗

PubMed1998

The use of reproductive health services by young women in Australia.

Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 8 State/Territory Family Planning Organizations (FPO) was conducted to determine the reproductive health services used by young women. Between July, 1996 and June, 1997, a total of 185, 879 client visits were recorded at FPO clinics, of which 72,303 (39%) were by young clients. The results showed that young women tended to use a combined oral pill, postcoital pill and spermicides more than those older than 25 years (p<0.05). Young women were also more likely to use services for management of sexually transmitted disease (STD), counselling for HIV, STD and sexual assault (p<0.05). However, there were considerable differences among the 3 groups of women: Aboriginal clients, those who did not speak English at home, and those who were born outside Australia. This study confirms that young women are using FPO services especially for emergency/postcoital contraception, STD screening and counselling. FPOs need to continue their existing role of providing reproductive and sexual health services catering to the need of this special segment of the population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Risk factors for depression.

The role of social factors in the causation of depression based on the aetiological model proposed by Brown and Harris was examined in a sample of 50 depressed female patients. Loss of mother before age 11 years and lack of confiding relationship was found to act as a vulnerability factor whereas employment status and having three or more children aged 14 or under were not found to have an increased vulnerability in these patients. These results which provide general support for Brown and Harris's causal model are discussed with their possible implications in our socio-cultural settings.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A study on the substitution of trichloroethylene as a spot remover in the textile industry.

Since the ban on 1,1,1-trichloroethane, the textile industry has been using trichloroethylene (TCE) as a spot remover to clean oil and grease stains from fabrics at inspection stations. TCE is a toxic substance recently classified as a probable human carcinogen. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic substitution procedure to replace TCE with a less hazardous option for spot removing in a textile company. After documenting the problem and understanding the processes involved, numerous sources of information were searched to identify the greatest number of plausible solutions. Then criteria were established to help consider only the options that seemed technically acceptable. Five options were retained: 1-bromopropane, a petroleum-based solvent, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon-based solvent, an appliance that uses hot steam, and the elimination of the oil and grease spots at the source. The latter option, which had been partially implemented by the textile company, was not considered in this study. After being tested in the workplace and evaluated on their technical plausibility and impact on health, safety, and environment, the remaining four options were not considered as suitable replacements for TCE. Thus, local ventilation with the implementation of further measures for the reduction/elimination of stains at the source were recommended to lower TCE exposure for workers.

Alkanes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Duration of effects of phenylbutazone on serum total thyroxine and free thyroxine concentrations in horses.

The objectives of this study were to determine if phenylbutazone decreased serum thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations using radioimmunoassay and equilibrium dialysis techniques in horses, and, if so, an additional objective was to determine the duration of this decreased concentration once phenylbutazone administration was discontinued. Serum TT4 and FT4 concentrations were determined before and after administration of 4.4 mg/kg of phenylbutazone i.v. bid for 5 days. Treatment with phenylbutazone caused a significant decrease in TT4 and FT4 concentrations (P < .05). Serum TT4 concentration significantly decreased after day 4 of treatment and remained significantly below baseline value for 10 days after discontinuing phenylbutazone administration; it returned to a value not different from the baseline value by the 11th day. Serum FT4 concentration significantly decreased after day 4 of treatment and remained significantly below the baseline value for only 1 day after phenylbutazone administration was discontinued; it returned to a value not different from the baseline value by the 3rd day after discontinuation of phenylbutazone. These results indicate that serum TT4 and FT4 should not be used to evaluate thyroid function in horses receiving phenylbutazone. In addition, results should be interpreted cautiously when phenylbutazone has been administered within 2 days (for FT4) or within 10 days (for TT4) of sample collection.

Animals↗