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Biomedical subjects

T Modéer

Publications and source records attributed to T Modéer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Development of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in non-institutionalized epileptic children subjected to different plaque control programs.

The periodontal condition was studied in phenytoin (PHT)-treated non-institutionalized epileptic children (n = 59) subjected to different preventive programs. One group followed an intensive preventive program during a 2-year period initiated before the start of PHT medication. The second group was given a moderate preventive program initiated after various periods of PHT medication. Patients not subjected to any additional preventive program during their PHT medication were used as controls. None of the individuals following the intensive preventive program developed pseudopockets. About 46% of the children in the moderate preventive group and 40% of the individuals not subjected to any preventive program developed pseudopockets. The amount of time the children were without plaque control was significantly and positively correlated to the development of gingival overgrowth. To minimize this occurrence, PHT-treated children should be subjected to a preventive program initiated before the start of PHT medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The effect of a plaque control program on the development of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth. A 2-year longitudinal study.

The effect of a plaque control program on the development of phenytoin(PHT)-induced gingival overgrowth was studied in 16 epileptic children, 8-16 years of age during a 2-year longitudinal study. The parameters studied were: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth and gingival overgrowth. A preventive program was instituted before the start of the PHT-medication and included oral hygiene instruction and frequent professional tooth cleaning during the observation period. When gingival overgrowth was evaluated on the basis of probing depth, no patients on PHT therapy for 2 years developed pseudopockets (greater than or equal to 4 mm). During the 2-year observation period, there was a statistically significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the thickness of the marginal gingiva bucco-lingually in all patients. This gingival enlargement was already evident (p less than 0.01) after 1 month. The degree of gingival enlargement in this patient group did not increase significantly after the 1st year of PHT-medication and was not significantly correlated to the plasma concentration of PHT. The results of this study show that the development of PHT-induced gingival overgrowth could not be prevented by this specific plaque control program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Oral health in non-institutionalized epileptic children with special reference to phenytoin medication.

The periodontal condition and caries experience was studied in non-institutionalized epileptic children (n = 55) who had not been subjected to any additional preventive measures. The children were distributed in a phenytoin (PHT) group with a mean age of 13.2 yr and a control group (mean age 11.8 yr) consisting of children treated with other anticonvulsants. The PHT group had a DF-s mean value of 5.4 in comparison to 7.2 in the control group. Determinations of gingival overgrowth based on the presence of gingival units with increased probing depth (greater than 4 mm) as well as the thickness of the marginal gingiva in buccolingual dimension measured on stone casts were performed. Although the plaque level and degree of gingival inflammation were similar in the two groups, 43% of the children in the PHT group showed one or more gingival units with increased probing depth (greater than 4 mm), but none in the control group. The thickness of the marginal gingiva was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in the phenytoin-treated children compared to children who had never had phenytoin medication. In the PHT-group gingival overgrowth based on gingival units with increased probing depth was statistically significantly and positively associated with the variables gingivitis (P less than 0.05), visible plaque index (P less than 0.01), age (P less than 0.01) and years on PHT therapy (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Phenytoin potentiates accessory cell dependent DNA-synthesis in human lymphocytes in vitro.

The effect of phenytoin and its major metabolite p-HPPH on concanavalin A (ConA) induced DNA-synthesis of human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. In lymphocyte cultures depleted of phagocytizing cells by iron treatment PHT and p-HPPH, in pharmacologic concentrations, caused a depression of the mitogen response measured as uptake of 3H-thymidine. In contrast, the presence of phagocytizing mononuclear cells during ConA-stimulation in the presence of PHT and p-HPPH caused a potentiation of ConA induced DNA-synthesis. These effects of phenytoin on immunocompetent cells may be of significance in the pathogenesis of the PHT-induced gingival overgrowth, since earlier we have reported the presence of large infiltrates of lymphocytes, mainly T-lymphocytes in gingival biopsies from clinically non-inflamed PHT-induced gingival overgrowth.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Maxillary expansion of unilateral cross-bite in preschool children.

The influence of a low force appliance on the maxilla in correction of unilateral cross-bite was studied clinically and radiographically in 29 preschool children following a standardized treatment schedule. Four weeks' expansion was followed by a 4-wk retention and a 12-wk postretention period. Inter- and intraobserver evaluations of the reliability of the measurements on radiographs were performed. In all children but one the cross-bites were corrected after 4 wk of expansion. The mean maxillary expansion was 3.3 mm in the second molar and 1.3 mm in the canine region, but decreased to 1.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively, at the end of the postretention period without relapse of the corrected malocclusion. No significant remaining orthopedic effects could be registered on radiographs by this low force appliance used. The modified quad helix appliance was found to be suitable for correction of unilateral cross-bite in the primary dentition and was well tolerated by the children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Scanning electron microscopic study of Streptococcus mutans BHT lysed by lysozyme.

The effects of purified salivary lysozyme (HSL) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) on the surface structure of Streptococcus mutans BHT were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. In parallel experiments bacteriolysis was monitored by liberation of 3H-thymidine incorporated into the bacteria. Control cells maintained their shape and had intact cell walls during the experimental period. Exposure of the cells to HSL (5.0 U/ml) or HEWL (5.0 micrograms/ml) for 3 and 18 h resulted in progressive destruction of cell structure. Some cells exhibited ruptures of the cell walls on top of spherical swellings, predominantly located at the ends of the bacteria. After 18 h the majority were disrupted in the septal area leaving numerous empty cup shaped cell walls in the preparations. The findings of the electron microscopic examination were confirmed in the biochemical assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Three-year study of the effect of fluoride varnish (Duraphat) on proximal caries progression in teenagers.

The effect of sodium fluoride varnish (Duraphat) applications on proximal caries progression was studied during a 3-yr period in 87 teenagers and compared to a control group (n = 107). In the fluoride varnish group the children were treated with fluoride varnish every third month during the experimental period. Caries lesions on the mesial surfaces of first premolars to the mesial surfaces of second molars were recorded annually on radiographs and an individual progression value was calculated. The study showed that topical application of fluoride varnish every third month significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the progression of proximal caries lesions in premolars and molars. The most obvious reduction of caries progression was observed among children who developed between two and eight new proximal lesions during the test period. In the children with the highest caries activity (greater than nine new proximal lesions) Duraphat treatments did not significantly reduce proximal caries progression in premolars and molars.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Influence of bacterial cell concentration and inorganic anions on lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by salivary lysozyme.

The aim of this work was to study the influence of bacterial cell concentrations and inorganic anions on lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by human salivary lysozyme (HSL). HSL was partly purified from saliva by ion exchange chromatography. The bacteria were grown in a synthetic medium containing 3H-thymidine to monitor DNA release. The experiments demonstrated that release of 3H-thymidine was dependent on the bacterial cell concentration and an apparent Km-value corresponding to approximately 2.9 X 10(8) cells/ml was calculated. The influence of I-, Br-, Cl-, F-, HCO3- and SCN- on bacteriolysis was studied. All anions tested were slightly inhibitory on the action of HSL. The inhibition varied from 7 to 76% depending on the ion and ionic strength. The order of addition of HSL and sodium chloride caused different lytic responses. This was reflected by the amount of HSL adsorbed by the bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by salivary lysozyme.

The aim of this work was to study the bacteriolytic ability of human salivary lysozyme (HSL) on Streptococcus mutans BHT. The cells were grown in a synthetic medium containing 3H-thymidine to monitor DNA release after incubation with either HSL, purified by ion exchange chromatography, or hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). The experiments demonstrated that HSL as well as HEWL could liberate DNA from cells. The lysis was dependent on enzyme concentration as well as incubation-time. Approximately 80% of the 3H-thymidine was released at final concentrations of 4.5 micrograms/ml and incubation-times exceeding 16 hr. Additional treatment of the suspensions with DNase increased the levels of released radioisotopes. The lytic ability of HSL and HEWL was similar at low concentrations. HSL inactivated with goat antiserum to human lysozyme decreased the liberation of DNA by about 70%. This study suggests that HSL can lyse S. mutans BHT without presence of inorganic ions.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1982

Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children.

Sucking habits and their relationship to posterior cross-bite were studied in 4-year-old children (n = 588) living in the municipality of Huddinge on the outskirts of Stockholm. Previous or persisting sucking habits were registered for 88% of the children with dummy sucking as the dominating type (78%). At the age of 4 years 48% of all children still exhibited some form of sucking habit. The incidence of normal buccolingual occlusion steadily decreased in cases where sucking habits persisted. The increase in unilateral cross-bite occurrence was most pronounced in cases where the children continued sucking after 2 years of age. The variable "intensity of sucking habit" was significantly correlated to the occurrence of unilateral cross-bite (P less than 0.05). From a dental point of view these results indicate that sucking habits in children should be brought under control by 2 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Plaque and gingivitis in a group of Swedish schoolchildren with special reference to toothbrushing habits.

The plaque and gingival condition in 232 Swedish schoolchildren aged 13-14 years has been related to the following predictors; plaque, toothbrushing frequency and technique, bristle stiffness of the toothbrush, smoking habits, use of snuff, social class and sex. Multiple regression analyses have been performed in order to explain the variation of plaque index and of gingival index employing these predictors. Significant predictors of plaque index were toothbrushing frequency, sex (boys), number of cigarettes and social class. The predictors which significantly aggravated gingival inflammation were: plaque, use of snuff and the toothbrushing method "modified Bass". The slight gingival inflammation due to toothbrushing with the modified Bass' method was not due to inferior plaque removal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of the phenytoin metabolite p-HPPH on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

The effect of the major phenytoin metabolite-5-(parahydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) was studied on cultures on human fibroblast-like cells grown out from explanted gingival biopsies. The explants were taken from children undergoing phenytoin medication. The results showed that the number of cells per culture decreased whereas the protein and DNA-contents remained relatively unaffected. This effect was most pronounced at the concentrations of 0.20 micrograms/ml p-HPPH. The results indicate that the metabolite interfere with cell division without affecting protein or DNA synthesis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1981

Phenytoin and IgA concentrations in plasma and saliva in epileptic children.

The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and phenytoin were determined in 36 epileptic children with a mean age of 11 years. There was a good correlation between the plasma and saliva concentrations of phenytoin (r = 0.94). The concentration of phenytoin and IgA showed little variation during the dosage interval. The phenytoin treated children did not differ with respect to the concentrations of IgA in saliva in comparison to the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Relation between tobacco consumption and oral health in Swedish schoolchildren.

A group of 232 schoolchildren aged 13-14 years in the Municipality of Huddinge, on the outskirts of Stockholm, were examined in order to study the effects of smoking and oral use of snuff in relation to oral health. Of the schoolchildren 21.5% smoked regularly. Snuff was taken regularly by 11% of the boys, but none of the girls. Snuff was present in the oral cavity for an average of 3.5 hours every day. The variable "number of cigarettes" was found to be a significant (p less than 0.01) predictor to the dependent variable "plaque" after controlling for the predictors "frequency of tooth-brushing" and "sex". Snuff usage showed a strongly significant correlation to gingival index after controlling for plaque. The result showed that use of snuff may influence on the gingival tissue directly whereas smoking affects plaque accumulation.

Adolescent↗