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Biomedical subjects

T Montgomery

Publications and source records attributed to T Montgomery.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Changes in amphetamine-induced anorexia and stereotypy during chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs.

Amphetamine-induced anorexia and stereotyped behaviour were studied in rats, following pretreatment with the antidepressants DMI, inprindole and mianserin. A complex drug-dependent and dose-dependent pattern of results was obtained. Acute pretreatment with DMI and iprindole enhanced amphetamine anorexia and stereotypy; at high doses only, the enhancement of anorexia disappeared during chronic treatment. Mianserin had no effects acutely, but chronic treatment with high doses attenuated anorexia and enhanced stereotypy. High doses of all three drugs attenuated anorexia and enhanced stereotypy during withdrawal. The most parsimonious account of these results is that the acute affects of DMI and iprindole are artefactual, and that chronic administration of all three antidepressants increased dopaminergic function and decreased beta-adrenergic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A limited population of unmarried adolescent fathers: a preliminary report of their views on fatherhood and the relationship with the mothers of their children.

Although much has been documented regarding adolescent childbearing (Juhasz, 1974; Furstenburg, 1976; Card & Wise, 1978; Russ-eft, 1979; Chilman, 1980; Earl & Siegel, 1980), little is known about the attitudes of unmarried adolescent fathers toward fatherhood and their relationship with the mothers of their children. Most of what is known about this relationship has been learned from the young mothers (Sauber, 1966; Bernstein, 1971; Pope, 1971; bemis, 1976; Lorenzi, 1977; Clapp & Raab, 1978). With the exception of a few investigators (Pannor et al., 1968; Pannor, 1971, Hendricks, 1981), virtually no accounts can be found in the literature documenting unmarried adolescent fathers' perceptions of fatherhood and their relationship with the mothers of their children. This paper attempts to bridge this gap in the literature by reporting on how two select populations of black unmarried adolescent fathers view fatherhood and their relationship with the mothers of their children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Behavioural changes during withdrawal from desmethylimipramine (DMI). I. Interactions with amphetamine.

Amphetamine anorexia in rats was potentiated by acute pretreatment with the tricyclic antidepressant desmethylimipramine (DMI), but was not significantly different from controls following chronic DMI pretreatment. During withdrawal from DMI, amphetamine anorexia was attenuated after 2 weeks or 2 months pretreatment, but not after 1 week of treatment. The locomotor stimulant and stereotypy inducing effects of amphetamine were slightly enhanced during withdrawal from chronic DMI. The results are discussed in relation to known neurochemical actions of DMI.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Behavioural changes during withdrawal from desmethylimipramine (DMI). II. Increased resistance to extinction.

Rats withdrawn from chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant desmethylimipramine (DMI) showed increased resistance to extinction in a runway and in continuously reinforced lever pressing. Changes were not seen in animals maintained on DMI. In acquisition, in the runway, there were no significant differences between groups; in the Skinner box, animals maintained on DMI performed worse than controls, but withdrawn animals recovered to control levels of performance. It is suggested that the effect on extinction may be mediated by a decrease in the efficacy of the dorsal noradrenaline bundle, which develops during chronic DMI treatment, but is masked by the presence of DMI. The implications of the conclusion for the " revised catecholamine hypothesis of depression" are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monitoring adenovirus infections with on-line and off-line methods.

Several known process monitoring methods were tested for their efficacy in the detection of adenovirus infections. The methods that we explored include several indirect indications of viral infections, including metabolic rate analysis, secondary gauges of respiration, cell size measurement, cell number and cell viability determination, and changes in capacitance. Direct indications of the adenovirus infection were also applied, including total viral particle and infectious particle measurements, as well as a flow cytometry method for detecting infected cells. All of the methods tested in the study provide some positive indication of an adenovirus infection. Many of the methods require repeated sampling, which may limit their utility in a manufacturing process. All of the indirect measures of viral infection may be limited by the fact that they do not uniquely identify an infection. The simplest monitoring methods appear to be detection of changes in respiration or the capacitance of the culture, both of which seem to provide a clear indication of an infection. Further work will be required to demonstrate that these indications are characteristic of only a successful and productive adenovirus infection.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypoglycemia in four dogs with smooth muscle tumors.

Tumor-associated hypoglycemia has been reported in dogs with pancreatic beta-cell tumors, hepatic tumors, and, rarely, with other neoplasms. This article describes 4 dogs with marked hypoglycemia associated with smooth muscle tumors (jejunal leiomyoma, gastric leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma, and splenic leiomyosarcoma). Presenting clinical signs included grand mal seizures, lethargy, weakness, ataxia, and, in 1 dog, polyuria/polydipsia. The serum insulin concentration was low in 1 dog and normal in the other dog evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for insulin was negative in the 4 tumors; the 3 tumors arising from the stomach and jejunum stained diffusely positive for glucagon. Blood glucose concentrations rapidly returned to normal after complete surgical resection of the tumors, and clinical signs associated with hypoglycemia resolved. Long-term follow-up available in 3 of the 4 dogs found no recurrence of clinical signs related to hypoglycemia at 15, 31, and 38 months after surgery, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol in ferrets.

Nine ferrests were used in a crossover study to determine the anesthetic effects of intramuscular (i.m.) administration of a low dose of tiletamine-zolazepam (1.5 mg/kg body weight)-xylazine (1.5 mg/kg body weight); a high dose of tiletamine-zolazepam (3 mg/kg body weight)-xylazine (3 mg/kg body weight); and tiletamine-zolazepam (1.5 mg/kg body weight)-xylazine (1.5 mg/kg body weight)-butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). All ferrets became laterally recumbent within two minutes following the administration of each drug combination. The tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol combination induced significantly longer (p less than 0.05) durations of tail clamp analgesia (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 90.0 +/- 17.1 min versus 17.8 +/- 15.8 min and 41.9 +/- 26.3 min) and endotracheal intubation (mean +/- SD, 84.8 +/- 21.7 min versus 5.2 +/- 10.3 min and 26.3 +/- 29.8 min) than the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine and high-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine combinations, respectively. Heart rates and the times from dorsal recumbency to standing were not significantly different among the three treatment groups. However, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol group. Ventilatory function was more depressed in the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol group than in the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine and high-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine groups. A short period of hypoxia was observed in the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol-treated ferrets. Tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol was found to be the best of the three combinations evaluated in these ferrets. The addition of butorphanol to the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine combination greatly enhanced the duration of analgesia, endotracheal intubation, and dorsal recumbency. However, since hypoxemia occurred during the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol anesthesia, oxygen (O2) insufflation is recommended. Doubling the dose of the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine increased the duration of analgesia and endotracheal intubation without prolonging the recovery when compared to the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine group.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 094: a phase I/II trial of ABV chemotherapy with zidovudine and recombinant human GM-CSF in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

PURPOSE: To define the maximum tolerated dose of doxorubicin when combined with fixed doses of bleomycin, vincristine, zidovudine, and recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) in patients with advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty male patients were treated with zidovudine at doses of either 100 or 200 mg by mouth every 4 hours, and cytotoxic chemotherapy with bleomycin 10 U/m2 and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 by vein every 2 weeks. Four successive cohorts received fixed doses of doxorubicin given intravenously every 2 weeks: two cohorts each received 10 mg/m2 (levels 1, 2) or 20 mg/m2 (levels 3, 4). The first cohort received rhGM-CSF at a dose of 10 micrograms/ kg, given subcutaneously on days 2 through 11 (level 1). Due to toxicity, the dose of rhGM-CSF was reduced to 5 micrograms/kg (levels 2, 3) and then to 2.5 micrograms/kg (level 4). RESULTS: The dose-limiting toxicity was severe neutropenia, occurring in 10 patients. Severe neutropenic episodes occurred after a median of three cycles of chemotherapy, with the nadir occurring after 14 days (median). Moderate neutropenia occurred in 14% of all cycles administered. Constitutional toxicities of moderate or greater severity occurred in four patients. Five of 10 patients at a doxorubicin dose of 20 mg/m2 (levels 3 and 4) experienced severe neutropenia. Thus, doxorubicin at 10 mg/m2, with BV (bleomycin, vincristine chemotherapy), zidovudine (100 mg five times daily), and rhGM-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/day), was defined as the maximum tolerated dose. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum tolerated dose of doxorubicin is 10 mg/ m2 every 2 weeks when given in combination with BV chemotherapy, zidovudine, and rhGM-CSF. While the addition of rhGM-CSF at doses of 2.5 to 5 micrograms/kg decreased the duration of neutropenia, it did not prevent the occurrence of severe neutropenia from combined myelotoxic therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗