Immunoreactive endothelin in uraemia: relationship with blood pressure.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Mouri
Publications and source records attributed to T Mouri.
Immunoreactive endothelin in urine of patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
Immunoreactive (ir)-endothelin (ET) in urine was studied with a radioimmunoassay in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM diseases including endocrine disorders, primary glomerular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. Twenty-four-hour excretions (mean +/- SEM) of ir-ET were 8.0 +/- 0.9 pmol/day in the DM group (n = 13) and 9.5 +/- 1.2 pmol/day in the non-DM group (n = 51). No significant differences among DM and other disease groups were noted with respect to 24-h ir-ET excretion. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of a normal urine extract revealed a major peak eluting later than ET-1. Gel chromatography revealed a single major peak in a smaller molecular weight (MW) region in normal urine and an additional peak in larger MW region in a urine extract from a DM patient. Urinary ir-ET consists of at least two components which may be metabolites of ET or ET precursors in plasma or peptides derived from the kidney.
Adolescent↗
Immunoreactive endothelin in pheochromocytomas.
The presence of endothelin (ET) in tumor tissue and plasma of patients with pheochromocytoma was studied by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive (ir-) ET concentrations in 12 pheochromocytomas ranged from 66 to 253 fmol per gram wet tissue (gwt) (146 +/- 20 fmol/gwt, mean +/- SEM). These values were not significantly higher than tissue ir-ET concentrations of two primary aldosteronism (66 and 132 fmol/gwt) and three normal adrenal glands (71-120 fmol/gwt) (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). However, tumor tissue ir-ET concentrations in six of the 12 pheochromocytomas were higher than 132 fmol/gwt (the upper value of the control tissues). Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of pheochromocytoma tumor extracts showed a major peak eluting at an identical position to synthetic ET-1. Plasma ir-ET concentrations of pheochromocytomas (1.4 +/- 0.9 fmol/ml, n = 17) were not significantly different from those of patients with essential hypertension (1.0 +/- 0.7 fmol/ml, n = 20) and normal subjects (1.0 +/- 0.4 fmol/ml, n = 18) (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). This study has shown that high concentrations of ET-1 are present in tumor tissues of 50% of pheochromocytomas.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[Physiologically active compounds in the extracts from tochukaso and cultured mycelia of Cordyceps and Isaria].
Tochukaso is a Chinese traditional medicine composed of a fruit body of Cordyceps sinensis and its parasitic host larva. Tochukaso (C. sinensis) and the cultured mycelia of five species of Cordyceps and four species of Isaria were each extracted with hot water and examined for the inotropic effect on guinea-pig right atrium in vitro system. The extracts from C. militaris and I. felina showed a negative inotropic effect to approximately the same extent as that from Tochukaso. These three extracts also showed inhibitory action on twitch response of guinea-pig ileum and aggregation of human blood platelet. It is suggested that these activities are ascribed to the combination of adenosine, 5'-adenosine monophosphate and several other nucleic acid-related compounds, all of which have been shown to be present in the extracts.
Animals↗
Induction of IgE-Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R2/CD23) expression on lymphocytes from patients with mite-allergic bronchial asthma by mite allergen.
The present study was designed to clarify whether Fc epsilon R2 can be induced on lymphocytes of patients with bronchial asthma by stimulation with specific antigen. Expression of Fc epsilon R2 on freshly isolated lymphocytes (at 0 hour) was significantly higher in both patients with mite-allergic asthma and those with nonmite-atopic asthma than in healthy individuals. In addition, expression of Fc epsilon R2 on lymphocytes was still higher in patients during acute asthma. Marked induction of Fc epsilon R2 on lymphocytes was observed 48 hours or more after addition of mite-allergen in patients with mite-allergic asthma while no Fc epsilon R2 expression was induced in patients with nonmite-atopic asthma or healthy individuals. Induction of Fc epsilon R2 expression was not observed at 30 minutes, two hours, and five hours, which are equivalent in kinetics to immediate asthmatic response and late asthmatic response in allergen inhalational challenges.
Allergens↗
Significance of plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) in diagnosis and prognosis of neuroblastoma.
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Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Release of neuropeptide Y from pheochromocytomas.
To investigate the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) from the pheochromocytomas, we studied the relationship between the plasma and tumor tissue immunoreactive (IR) NPY concentrations in 13 patients with pheochromocytoma and measured the IR-NPY concentration in plasma samples obtained by catheter from several veins (jugular veins, superior vena cava, renal veins, adrenal veins and inferior vena cava) in 2 patients with pheochromocytoma. The plasma IR-NPY concentration in 13 patients with pheochromocytoma ranged from 118 to 1460 pg/ml and the concentration in 10 of 13 patients with pheochromocytoma was above 290 pg/ml (the upper limit of normal range). The tumor tissue IR-NPY ranged from 0.025 to 95.3 micrograms/g wet tissue. Plasma IR-NPY was parallel with tumor tissue IR-NPY in 13 cases of pheochromocytoma (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). The highest concentration of IR-NPY was found in plasma obtained from the drainage vein from a tumor among the plasma samples obtained from several veins in 2 cases of pheochromocytoma. These findings indicate that in patients with pheochromocytoma, NPY is in most cases excessively released from the tumors into the systemic circulation and plasma IR-NPY in the periphery is increased.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[A case of pigeon breeder's lung].
A 34 year-old male pigeon breeder developed a sudden fever, cough, and dyspnea with diffuse nodular shadows on the chest X-ray film and computer tomogram. His symptoms and diffuse nodular shadows on the chest X-ray film improved and gallium (Ga) scintigram showed no accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in his lungs when examined after corticosteroid therapy. Serum precipitin against pigeon serum and pigeon dropping extracts could be detected. In his bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, total cell count, mainly lymphocytes, were increased. OKT8(+)-HLA-DR+T cells were dominant in the lymphocyte subpopulation of the BAL fluid. Pathological examination of transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed interstitial pneumonia. Blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells when cultured with pigeon serum could not be observed, which suggested suppressive effects of lymphocyte blastogenesis by corticosteroid therapy. An inhalation provocation test with pigeon serum was performed. The patient developed fever, leucocytosis, hypoxemia and decreased vital capacity after the inhalation provocation test. Consequently, the case was diagnosed as a pigeon breeder's lung.
Adult↗
Detection of immunoreactive endothelin in plasma of hemodialysis patients.
Two types of radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods for measuring endothelin (ET) in human plasma were developed. One was an extraction procedure using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, the other being a direct method. By the extraction method, plasma ET levels were lower than the detectable limit (7 pg/ml) in normal subjects and elevated in hemodialysis patients. The absolute values obtained via the direct method were 20-times higher than those from extraction. Gel-filtration experiments revealed that this discrepancy was mainly due to immunoreactive (IR-) endothelin-like substances of high molecular mass near 11.6 kDa (large IR-ET). Extraction of the peptide by the C18 cartridge could eliminate interference by large IR-ET and is important in the accurate measurement of ET concentrations in plasma.
Adult↗
Corticotropin-releasing hormone in the human hypothalamus. Free-floating immunostaining method.
We have clearly demonstrated corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) immunoreactive cell bodies and nerve fibers in the human hypothalamus by immunocytochemistry using free-floating sections instead of paraffin-embedded sections. Human hypothalami were obtained at autopsy, fixed and cryostat-sectioned at 40 microns. Free-floating sections were immunostained with antibody to CRH using the Vector ABC system. Most of CRH immunoreactive nerve fibers from the paraventricular nucleus pass under the fornix, while some CRH immunoreactive nerve fibers pass beyond the fornix and some through the fornix. Then the CRH immunoreactive nerve fibers run downward, medially to the supraoptic nucleus and toward the pituitary stalk. This method of immunocytochemistry is a very sensitive and suitable means for immunocytochemical studies of neuropeptides in the human brain.
Aged↗
Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human hypothalamus.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the human hypothalamus was investigated by radioimmunoassay and by immunocytochemistry. CGRP-LI was detected from two hypothalami obtained at autopsy (2.1 and 7.0 ng/g wet tissue) by radioimmunoassay. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that most of the CGRP-LI in the human hypothalamus was eluted in an identical position with synthetic human CGRP. For immunocytochemistry, human hypothalami obtained at autopsy were fixed and cryostat-sectioned at 40 microns. Free floating sections were immunostained with antibody to CGRP. CGRP-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and infundibular nucleus. These findings indicate that CGRP exists in the cell bodies of the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and infundibular nucleus in the human hypothalamus and CGRP may play some roles in the endocrine and other functions of the human hypothalamus.
Aged↗
Neuropeptide Y and blood pressure in haemodialysis patients.
To investigate the relationship between plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations and blood pressure in haemodialysis (HD), we measured plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (IR-NPY) concentrations and blood pressure before and after HD in 71 patients undergoing maintenance HD. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. We corrected the plasma IR-NPY values after HD by reference to the ratio of the plasma total protein levels before HD to the levels after HD, in order to exclude the influence of the haemoconcentration caused by HD. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations before and after HD in 71 patients undergoing maintenance HD were 413 +/- 94 pg/ml and 340 +/- 90 pg/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations before HD in 28 hypertensive patients with HD (398 +/- 91 pg/ml) were not significantly different from those in 40 normotensive (427 +/- 98 pg/ml) and 3 hypotensive (372 +/- 21 pg/ml) patients with HD (P greater than 0.1). Plasma IR-NPY concentrations after HD in 9 patients whose systolic blood pressure fell more than 30 mmHg during HD (409 +/- 52 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in the other patients (P less than 0.025). These findings suggest that the release of NPY is increased when the blood pressure falls during HD in patients undergoing maintenance HD.
Blood Pressure↗
Neuropeptide Y- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactivities (LI) were investigated in tumor tissues of one ganglioneuroma (GN), 3 ganglioneuroblastomas (GNB) and one neuroblastoma (NB) by radioimmunoassay. NPY-LI was detected from all 5 tumor tissues (16.4-1247 pmol/g wet tissue). Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that most of the NPY-LI in tumor extracts was eluted in an identical position to synthetic human NPY except one GNB (case 2). In this case, most of the NPY-LI was eluted in a higher molecular weight region than synthetic human NPY in Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and in a more hydrophobic position in HPLC. SS-LI was detected from 4 tumor extracts except one GNB (case 2) (21.3-787 pmol/g wet tissue). Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC revealed that SS-LI in tumor extracts was eluted just after the void volume and then in the same positions as SS-28 and SS-14. These results suggest that NPY, SS-14 and SS-28 exist in tumor tissues of GN, GNB and NB, and most of the NPY-LI in one GNB was a higher molecular and more hydrophobic form of NPY-LI.
Chromatography, Gel↗
Distribution of Crooke's cells and ACTH cells in the human pituitary glands.
Distribution of ACTH cells and Crooke's cells in the human pituitary glands was studied in 5 autopsy cases. ACTH cells were distributed throughout the anterior pituitary lobes, in particular densely in their anterior halves. Some ACTH cells were found in the posterior pituitary lobes in three cases. Crooke's cells were distributed limitedly in the anterior halves of anterior pituitary in two cases. In the remaining three cases, Crooke's cells were widely distributed in the anterior pituitary lobes but predominantly in their anterior halves. No Crooke's cells were found in the posterior pituitary. These findings suggest that cells in the anterior part of anterior pituitary are more likely to show Crooke's hyaline change than those in the other parts.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Suppression by glucocorticoid of the immunoreactivity of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.
The effect of glucocorticoid on the production of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) was examined immunocytochemically. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone sulfate in a dose of 0.1 mg/day suppressed the immunoreactivity of CRF and vasopressin in the medial parvocellular divisions of the PVH of the rat subsequent to bilateral adrenalectomy. In the magnocellular divisions, suppression of vasopressin-immunoreactivity was not observed. These results suggest that the vasopressin in the medial parvocellular divisions plays a distinct role from that in the magnocellular divisions, the former having functional significance in the hypothalamo-hypophysio-adrenal axis.
Adrenalectomy↗
Increased plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations in phaeochromocytoma and chronic renal failure.
To investigate the clinical usefulness of radio-immunoassay of neuropeptide Y (NPY), we measured plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (IR-NPY) concentrations in normal subjects (n = 21), essential hypertensive patients (n = 33), patients with phaeochromocytoma (n = 7), patients with chronic renal disease with serum creatinine levels of less than 1.9 mg/dl (n = 5) and patients with chronic renal failure whose serum creatinine levels were greater than or equal to 1.9 mg/dl (n = 18, eight without haemodialysis and 10 undergoing maintenance haemodialysis), by radio-immunoassay. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations in patients with phaeochromocytoma (577 +/- 256 pg/ml, mean +/- s.d.) were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those in normal subjects (151 +/- 28 pg/ml), essential hypertensive patients (177 +/- 49 pg/ml) and patients with chronic renal disease with serum creatinine levels less than 1.9 mg/dl (198 +/- 71 pg/ml). Plasma IR-NPY concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure (without haemodialysis: 330 +/- 63 pg/ml; undergoing maintenance haemodialysis: 374 +/- 80 pg/ml) were also high. These results suggest that NPY is useful as one of the tumour markers of phaeochromocytomas. However, this study revealed that patients with chronic renal failure, without phaeochromocytoma also have increased plasma IR-NPY concentrations.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Immunoelectron microscopic study of corticotropin-releasing factor in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Ultrastructural localization of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was visualized for the first time in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland with specific antibodies against human/rat CRF. In the hypothalamus most of the positive immunoreactivity to CRF was present in granules with a wide range of diameters, 50-250 nm, in the perikarya of parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Among these, neurosecretory type granules, 100-150 nm in diameter, were dominant, and small vesicles, 50-80 nm in diameter, were sparse. Some of surfaces of rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes were also positive in some of these cells. CRF-positive reactions were also observed in the nerve fibers of the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland revealing two types of granules: small vesicles, 50-80 nm in diameter, and neurosecretory granules, 100-150 nm in diameter. These results support the theory that the human CRF, which is identical to rat CRF, is synthesized in parvocellular neurons of paraventricular nucleus, transported in nerve fibers, and controls ACTH secretion in the human anterior lobe of pituitary gland via the portal system.
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone↗
[Anthropometrical study of the head and face of the Atayal and the Saisiyat].
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Adult↗