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Biomedical subjects

T Mueller

Publications and source records attributed to T Mueller.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Resting metabolic rate in obese children before, during and after weight loss.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured by indirect calorimetry and body impedance analysis in 14 obese children before weight loss, during weight reduction for 3 weeks with a conventional hypocaloric diet (730 kcal/3050 kJ) and 12 months after weight loss. The initial weight reduction (5.8 +/- 1.2 kg) resulted in a decrease in RMR and fat free mass (FFM) of 17 +/- 10 per cent (P less than 0.001) and 3.1 +/- 2.3 kg (P less than 0.001), respectively. Prior to weight loss (r2 = 0.89, P less than 0.001) and after 12 months follow up (r2 = 0.88, P less than 0.001) RMR correlated positively with FFM. Changes in RMR after 3 weeks weight loss and throughout the follow-up were positively correlated with changes in FFM (r2 = 0.29, P less than 0.05 and r2 = 0.90, P less than 0.001). Our data indicate that RMR in obese children considerably decreased during a 3 weeks weight reduction, but no sustained depression of the metabolic rate after 12 months was found.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Purification, properties, and mutagenesis of poliovirus 3C protease.

Poliovirus protease 3C, type 1 Mahoney strain, was expressed in Escherichia coli under phage T7 promoter control and purified to homogeneity from resolubilized inclusion bodies. The renatured protein was as enzymatically active as the protease found in the soluble portion of the bacterial lysate. Proteolytic activity was assayed using as substrate either [35S]methionine-labeled recombinant poliovirus proteins 2C3AB or a truncated version of 3ABC, or synthetic peptide 16-mers corresponding to the cleavage sites at 2C/3A and 3A/3B. Poliovirus protein 3CD (protease-polymerase) was also expressed in bacteria. About 25% of this protein apparently autodigested in vivo, releasing immunoprecipitable protein 3D (polymerase). No further autodigestion of 3CD could be detected in vitro, nor could addition of purified protein 3C effect digestion in trans. Both the serine protease inhibitors PMSF, TPCK, and 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, and the cysteine protease inhibitors cystatin and zinc, were effective inhibitors of the 3C protease. Six new mutants of the protease, with altered or no enzymatic activity, were identified based on the observation that low level expression of wild type enzyme severely retards growth of bacterial colonies harboring the expression plasmid.

3C Viral Proteases↗
PubMed1990

Alpha 2-adrenoceptor responsivity in depression: effect of chronic treatment with moclobemide, a selective MAO-A-inhibitor, versus maprotiline.

The effect of chronic treatment with the selective and reversible MAO-A-inhibitor moclobemide (MOC) vs. the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor maprotiline (MAP) on alpha 2-adrenoceptor responsivity was studied by clonidine (CLON)-evoked growth hormone (GH) release in major depressive disorder. Compared to matched controls the depressed patients showed attenuated CLON-induced GH responses before treatment with MOC or MAP. Chronic treatment with both MOC and MAP significantly improved the depressive symptomatology. Although a trend toward increased GH responses to CLON was demonstrated after treatment in both groups, neither MOC nor MAP had a complete effect on restoration of alpha 2-adrenoceptor responsivity. No difference in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plasma concentrations before and after treatment with MOC or MAP was found. Our results support the view that antidepressants with different mechanisms of action may be capable of restoring alpha 2-adrenoceptor function during recovery from a major depressive episode.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tumorigenic poxviruses: construction of the composite physical map of the Shope fibroma virus genome.

The sites for the restriction enzymes BamHI, Bg/I, HindIII, PstI, PvuII, and SstI on the linear DNA genome of Shope fibroma virus, a tumorigenic poxvirus of rabbits, have been determined by digestions of the cloned BamHI and HindIII restriction fragments and by hybridization of 32P-labeled cloned fragments to Southern blots of Shope fibroma virus DNA cleaved partially or completely with the various enzymes. The linear genome is shown to be 160 kilobases in length and to possess terminal inverted repeat sequences of between 12.2 and 12.5 kilobases extending inwards from the cross-linked DNA telomeres. The fine map of the Shope fibroma virus terminal inverted repeats has been constructed and shown to be distinctly different from that of members of the orthopoxvirus group, such as vaccinia, by the absence of detectable tandemly repeated sequences near the termini and by the lack of detectable sequence homology with vaccinia termini.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specificity of substance use in anxiety-disordered subjects.

The current research (1) examines empirical evidence to substantiate the relationship between substance choice and chronology of onset of anxiety and substance use disorders, and (2) provides information on the specificity of substance choice among anxiety disorders. A study group of 181 subjects in the Harvard Anxiety Research Project (HARP) who had a history of substance use disorder were the focus of this examination. Subjects whose anxiety disorder had an onset before their substance use disorder (primary anxiety) were compared with those whose substance use preceded onset of an anxiety disorder (secondary anxiety) for differences in distribution of subjects among categories of substance of abuse. Primary and secondary anxiety groups do not have different ages of onset for substance use disorder, nor was there greater likelihood for choosing alcohol for any of the anxiety disorders. However, there is a decreased risk of alcohol use in the small group of generalized anxiety subjects and an increased risk of opioid use in the small group of posttraumatic stress disorder subjects. There was no indirect support for the self-medication hypothesis. Neither age of onset data, specific substance association, nor proximal diagnosis association support a simple interaction. The strongest finding supported an "avoidance" of CNS stimulants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder].

AIM: To demonstrate the various patterns of primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) around the shoulder and to discuss a therapeutic algorithm. METHOD: In this retrospective study, 6 patients with histologically proven PSC were operated on. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination, plain X-rays, ultrasonography and MRI in 5/6 patients. Also, a histological examination was done in all cases. According to the localisation of the disease, surgery was done by endoscopy alone, endoscopy together with open surgery or direct open surgery. RESULTS: In one case each, we saw an isolated disease of the subacromial bursa or the gleno-humeral joint. In two cases, we found an intraarticular affection together with the biceps tendon sheath. The other two patients showed a massive periarticular deposition of loose bodies together with a defect of the rotator cuff. All patients with intraarticular disease (5/6) showed different stages of chondromalacia. In 5 of 6 patients all bodies could be removed at surgery. At follow-up after 36 months the patients subjectively rated the result as satisfactory to excellent. In the patients with total removal of the bodies, no recurrences were seen on plain X-ray or ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: PSC around the shoulder appears with a variable pattern. According to the possible late complications described in the literature (i. e., secondary osteoarthritis, involvement of the rotator cuff and secondary malignant transformation), we find operative treatment justified. Surgery addressing removal of loose bodies and partial synovectomy allows good results. The operative approach (endoscopy or open surgery) is related to the localisation and severity of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary synovial chondromatosis of the elbow.

Very few cases of primary synovial chondromatosis of the elbow have been reported in the literature. This is a study concerning the late outcome of primary synovial chondromatosis in the elbows of 12 patients, 10 men and 2 women, with a mean follow-up of 16 years 10 months. The average age at the time of the initial complaint was 29 years. The histories of 10 patients revealed elbow strain as a consequence of work-related activities. Surgery included removal of loose bodies and partial synovectomy in all patients. A moderate to severe osteoarthritis was found preoperatively in 5 of 12 patients and during follow-up in 7 of 10 patients. The degree of osteoarthritis deteriorated after surgery in 5 of these cases, depending on patient age, length of presurgical history, length of follow-up, and strenuous activities. However, the functional deficiencies were usually moderate and had little significance with respect to the activities of daily living. No recurrence of primary synovial chondromatosis was found.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistence of depressive symptoms and cardiovascular death among patients with affective disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Studies of both community and clinical samples have associated depressive symptoms with risks for subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because the physiological mechanisms thought to underlie this link would be cumulative in their effects, the following analyses tested the prediction that risks for cardiovascular death would increase in proportion to the persistence of depressive symptoms in a long-term follow-up. METHODS: Baseline assessment was performed as patients sought treatment for major depressive disorder, mania, or schizo-affective disorder. Follow-up evaluations occurred semiannually for the next 5 years and annually thereafter. The 903 patients described, observed for a mean of 11.0 years (SD = 5.2 years), were divided into thirds according to the proportion of follow-up weeks in episodes of major depressive disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or intermittent depressive disorder. The resulting groups were then compared by cumulative risks of cardiovascular death. RESULTS: Patients whose depressive symptoms were the most persistent were no more likely to die of cardiovascular causes than were those with the fewest weeks ill. A regression analysis showed that older age and the presence of cardiovascular disease at baseline, but not the subsequent chronicity of depressive symptoms, predicted cardiovascular death. CONCLUSIONS: The physiological concomitants of depressive illness apparently do not promote cardiovascular mortality in a cumulative manner. Efforts should be directed toward identification of risk factors common to both lifetime depressive symptoms and cardiovascular morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon in the rotator cuff interval. A histoanatomic study.

A histoanatomic study of the rotator cuff interval was done in 13 cadaveric specimens to investigate the relation of its ligamentous structures to the long head of the biceps tendon, with a special focus on revealing a stabilizing function. After macroscopic evaluation, the lateral half of the rotator cuff interval capsule was cut into three sections: medial, middle, and lateral. These sections were embedded in methacrylate, and then serial sections were made and stained for polarized light microscopy. The superior glenohumeral ligament was seen to form a fold having the macroscopic appearance of a U-shaped anterior suspension sling for the long head of the biceps tendon. Microscopic evaluation revealed an important role of the fasciculus obliquus in the roof of this sling. Fibers of the supraspinatus tendon join the posterosuperior part of the sling. The subscapularis tendon is not involved in this suspensory mechanism. As a result of these observations, we determined that the superior glenohumeral ligament and the fasciculus obliquus are the most important ligamentous reinforcements of a stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon in the rotator cuff interval. Their histologic appearance indicates they function to protect the long head of the biceps against anterior shearing stress. A lesion of this sling might lead to anterior instability of the biceps tendon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Timing of peritoneal dialysis catheter removal after pediatric renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: A peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter is in place at the time of kidney transplantation in children receiving PD. Removal of the catheter eliminates the risk of catheter-related infections. However, the patient benefits from leaving the catheter in place if dialysis is necessary posttransplantation. There is currently no consensus on the proper timing of PD catheter removal after kidney transplantation in children. OBJECTIVE: To identify the risks and benefits of an in-dwelling PD catheter after renal transplantation in children. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study of infectious complications and posttransplantation PD catheter use in 31 renal transplantations in 26 children. RESULTS: Peritoneal dialysis catheters were used postoperatively in 13 of the 31 transplantations. In 12 instances the catheter was needed during the first month after transplantation, and 2 of the patients involved did not have a catheter in place when needed. Six catheter-related infections occurred in 5 patients posttransplantation, with only 1 infection taking place within 1 month after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the need for catheter use occurs predominantly during the first month, while infectious complications usually happen later. This strongly suggests that PD catheters should not be removed until approximately 1 month after kidney transplantation.

Adolescent↗