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Biomedical subjects

T Munnukka

Publications and source records attributed to T Munnukka.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

From information to knowledge: the meaning of information-giving to patients who had experienced first-episode psychosis.

The reform of mental health services in Finland signifies that besides the structural development of services, the development of new approaches in care is needed. Besides the other elements, information-giving has an important role when supporting outpatients' and their caregivers' everyday lives. The aim of this study was to describe how patients with first-episode psychosis experienced the information-giving and the meaning of these experiences to these patients. The study was conducted by interviewing seven patients participating in the development of the combined model of psycho-education and need-adapted models. The data were gathered by open-ended questions and analysed within the phenomenological tradition, focusing on the understanding of the patient's experiences. The results show that patients' own understanding and acceptance of the psychotic experience affected their experiences of information-giving as well as the way their experiences were met during their care. The meaning of information was experienced with feelings of worthlessness, relief, confusion or confidence and coping. The results of this study address the importance of recognizing, hearing and appreciating patients' own experiences. Information-giving should be based on the patients' own experiences, appreciating them. With the information integrated into patients' own experiences they can be helped to turn to the future after the psychotic experience.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed2002

Problems of young people in community psychiatric care.

The purpose of this study was to describe the problems of young people who need professional help and who have been referred to community psychiatric care. The aim was to develop both the type of care and the system of referral. The research data comprised all referrals (n = 184) to the outpatients' youth psychiatric clinic of one university hospital in 1997, and documentation related to the adolescents' interviews on admission. The data were analysed by both deductive and inductive content analysis. Young people's problems could be identified in all central spheres of life as difficulties in relation to the self, school, parents, peers, dating and the future. The difficulties were interrelated and varied in their degree of seriousness. When assessing young people's difficulties and need for care, focus should be made on the inner world of the young person, as well as on their behaviour within the different spheres of life. Only in this way is it possible to get a full picture of the adolescent's individual situation and need for help.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Integration of theory and practice in learning mental health nursing.

This article describes an action research project that aimed at a better integration of theory and practice in the education of mental health nursing students. Two partners, an institute of nursing and health care and a university hospital, collaborated to develop a new educational programme for mental health nursing. The blocks of theoretical studies were implemented simultaneously with practical training, and the theory content was taught by nursing teachers as well as by nurse practitioners who worked on the teaching wards. In addition, the students had their own personal nurse-preceptors on the wards. The nurse managers were responsible for the educational level of the teaching wards and the director of nursing planned the teaching arrangements together with the nursing teachers. In all, the project involved over 50 different actors and several researchers. The results are encouraging: all the participants - students, preceptors, nurse managers and nursing teachers - found the project rewarding and they want to continue to develop and improve the level of teaching and learning in mental health nursing education. All the participants grew and developed professionally during the project.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Feeling of 'lacking' as the core of envy: a conceptual analysis of envy.

The aim of this paper is to explore the subjective experience of envy through concept analysis. Further, the study on which it is based aimed to answer questions about the composition and manifestations of envy. From the viewpoint of nursing science, the analysis of envy is based on a desire to understand human beings from the perspective of subjective health and illness and thus from a health promotion perspective. Envy is conceived of as a dimension of a person's health and illness. The concept is therefore meaningful from the viewpoint of nursing; it describes a phenomenon which enables us to deepen our understanding in a way relevant to nursing science. In the study the hybrid model developed by Schwartz-Barcott et al. was used for conceptual elaboration. In the theoretical phase of the study the subjective experience of envy was explored from the viewpoints of philosophy, religion, Finnish folklore and psychoanalysis, as well as nursing science. As a synthesis of these, a conceptual analysis of envy adapted from Wilson was conducted and a working definition of envy was proposed. In the fieldwork phase, envy was examined by means of an empirical analysis using a phenomenological approach. As a result, a classification describing the experience of envy was presented. The core experience of envy has been defined as a 'lacking', and the object of envy as something good possessed by someone else. Envy manifests itself in both destructiveness and creativity. The trends of development of envy are inflexibility and emancipation, and the essence of envy is multidimensional. Finally, the working definition of the concept was elaborated on the basis of the empirical phase and a new definition reflecting the composition and manifestations of envy was proposed.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1994

Nursing research: on what basis?

In the past 150 years nursing science has developed into a discipline of its own which has integrated features of various stages of theory development. So far most nursing theories, originally borrowed from other disciplines, have been adapted and moulded to suit the nursing context. The theories developed after Nightingale, such as developmental, need-oriented, interaction, system-oriented and simultaneity theories have come about this way. They have depicted the areas of interest in nursing which has thus been defined as the domain of main concepts and their interconnections. The methodological characteristics of research in science are derived on the basis of ontological and epistemological principles. The domain of nursing science is assumed to be an integral whole which is not divided into parts even for the purpose of research. Scientific data are obtained from this undivided world by means of man's human signification. In research, this undivided world is approached from the phenomenological tradition of science: particular topics are thematized as something, while the other aspects of the phenomenon are excluded. The accumulating scientific data are integrated to form a holistic body of knowledge which helps in understanding the phenomena in greater depth and from different perspectives. The historical development of nursing science reveals problems and conflicts which are derived from the tradition of empirical science of the last few decades. Research solutions following the empiricist tradition offer only limited opportunities to focus on the central research objects of nursing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1994

[Nursing leaders' expectations concerning their nursing staff in situations involving change].

The purpose of the study is to generate, in the context of a health centre hospital, knowledge about the expectations that nursing leaders have of their nursing staff in a situation involving change. The goal is to change the model of care delivery to primary nursing and to use research-based knowledge as the point of departure for the development work. The study is based on the theory of primary nursing and it tries to answer questions like "What do nursing leaders expect of their nursing staff" and "How do these expectations manifest themselves in practice?" A total of 26 nursing leaders who were involved in the development work wrote free-form essays to answer the research questions. These data were then categorized by using component analysis. According to the results, what is expected of nurses is, most importantly, patient-centred practice involving commitment to primary nursing, an ability and the will to cooperate, and flexibility and preparedness for changes. The content of the components was described in a form in which it is expected to appear in practice. The research results show that nurse education and nursing leadership need to be developed in a direction which will ensure that nurses are able to practise in accordance with what is expected of them.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Implementation of nursing in the acute care of patients with stroke. Description of the acute care stroke unit in the Tampere University Hospital Center].

The study examines the implementation of nursing care and uses information derived from the nursing plan as its point of departure. The focus is on the acute nursing phase of stroke patients in the Stroke Unit. The study is based on the theoretical model presented by Roper et al. (1985). The study depicts the components of the nursing care of stroke patients. It was found that the sixty-two (62) stroke patients received a total of 17,125 nursing interventions of different kinds. In the acute phase, the focus seems to be on maintaining the vital functions. The results help nurses to improve the nursing care given to these patients.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗