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Biomedical subjects

T Nakane

Publications and source records attributed to T Nakane.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Threshold values of visceral fat measures and their anthropometric alternatives for metabolic derangement in Japanese obese boys.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the direct measure of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by computed tomography (CT) is a superior diagnostic criterion to the anthropometric surrogates and more classical criteria of obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, clinical study. Obese boys were classified according to the occurrence of abnormal values in either serum triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase or insulin level. A threshold value of each criterion for such metabolic derangement was calculated, using the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. SUBJECTS: Seventy-five consecutive outpatient Japanese obese boys, ranging in age from 6 to 14 y, were studied. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric indices measured were height, body weight, waist girth, hip girth, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Classical criteria for obesity used were percentage overweight (POW), body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat. Waist girth, sagittal diameter by CT and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were evaluated as anthropometric surrogates for VAT. The areas of total abdominal fat (TAF), VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured by CT at the level of the umbilicus. Clinical blood biochemistry was analyzed in fasting blood samples of obese boys. RESULTS: Thirty-three boys were classified into a no-complication group, and 42 into a complication group. TAF, VAT and SAT areas were closely associated with age, body size and degree of overweight and adiposity, while VAT/SAT was not. VAT area, sagittal diameter, TAF area and waist girth were closely correlated with alanine aminotransferase, insulin, TG and HDL-C. VAT/SAT, BMI, SAT area, WHR, percentage body fat and POW were less closely associated with these biochemical indices. The descending order of the values of area under the curve for the ROC curves were as follows: VAT>sagittal diameter>TAF>VAT/SAT>waist girth>BMI>WHR>percentage body fat>POW. Both VAT area and VAT/SAT gave >80% of sensitivity and specificity. Among the anthropometric indices studied, the sagittal diameter was the best surrogate of visceral fat measure. The sensitivity and specificity for the rest of the anthropometric indices were in an unsatisfactory range. The threshold values for VAT area, VAT/SAT and sagittal diameter were 58.0 cm(2), 0.276 and 19.2 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The threshold values for VAT area, VAT/SAT and sagittal diameter for detecting biochemical complication in Japanese obese boys were lower than the respective values reported in adults. These values can be used for classifying the obese boys into two types: those with medical problem and those without.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Binding of KRH-594, an antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, to cloned human and rat angiotensin II receptors.

We studied the binding properties of KRH-594, a new selective antagonist of angiotensin II (AII) type 1 (AT1) receptors, to rat liver membranes and to recombinant AT1 and AT2 receptors. Preincubation of rat liver membranes with KRH-594 produced maximal inhibition of [125I]-AII binding when the preincubation time was 1-2 h. Preincubation with KRH-594 for 2 h decreased the B(max) value and increased the Kd value. For human AT1, human AT2, rat AT1A and rat AT1B receptors, the Ki values for KRH-594 were 1.24, 9360, 0.67, and 1.02 nm, respectively. The rank order of K1 values for human AT1 receptors was KRH-594 >> EXP3174 > candesartan = AII. The order of specificities for human AT1 and AT2 receptors was candesartan > EXP3174 > KRH-594. Although a 2-h preincubation of human AT2 receptors with KRH-594 (30 microM) or CGP 42112 (a selective AT2 receptor antagonist; 0.3 nM) inhibited binding of [125I]-AII, the suppression by KRH-594 was not significant. These results indicate that KRH-594 binds potently to AT1 receptors in an insurmountable manner, and that at a very high dose (30 microM) it may also bind to AT2 receptors, but in a surmountable manner.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2002

Occurrence of conjunctivitis, sinusitis and upper region tracheitis in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), possibly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum accompanied by Cryptosporidium sp. infection.

On a farm raising approximately 75,000 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) for egg production, the diseased quail showed clinical signs of swelling of the head, nasal discharge, increased lacrimation, and decreased egg production. The flock experienced a mortality rate of 5.7% per day. Macroscopic observation revealed large, gelatinous masses of caseous exudate in the sinuses, egg peritonitis, and airsacculitis. Microscopically, non-purulent or purulent inflammation accompanied by lymphoid hyperplastic tissue with germinal centers was observed in the oculofacial respiratory mucosa. The developing stage of the lesions was abscess formation. In the investigation of pathogens, antigens to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Pasteurella multocida serotype D were immunolabeled on and demonstrated in the mucosal membranes. In addition, P. multocida, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp. were isolated from the infraorbital sinuses, and Mycoplasma isolated from a diseased bird was confirmed as M. gallisepticum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, Cryptosporidium sp. was frequently found in the brush border. Serological, bacteriological and PCR examinations, some with negative outcomes, were carried out concerning microbes that are known to cause swollen heads in birds (Haemophilus paragallinarum, Newcastle disease virus and turkey rhinotracheitis virus). The average concentration of ammonia fumes in the cages was 30.6 parts/106, which suggests that the high levels of ammonia fumes promoted infection and multiplication of M. gallisepticum in the quail, and that the clinical disease then worsened due to mixed infection with M. gallisepticum and Cryptosporidium sp. or other bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Mannosylerythritol lipid, a yeast extracellular glycolipid, shows high binding affinity towards human immunoglobulin G.

BACKGROUND: There have been many attempts to develop new materials with stability and high affinity towards immunoglobulins. Some of glycolipids such as gangliosides exhibit a high affinity toward immunoglobulins. However, it is considerably difficult to develop these glycolipids into the practical separation ligand due to their limited amounts. We thus focused our attention on the feasible use of "mannosylerythritol lipid A", a yeast glycolipid biosurfactant, as an alternative ligand for immunoglobulins, and undertook the investigation on the binding between mannosylerythritol lipid A (MEL-A) and human immunoglobulin G (HIgG). RESULTS: In ELISA assay, MEL-A showed nearly the same binding affinity towards HIgG as that of bovine ganglioside GM1. Fab of human IgG was considered to play a more important role than Fc in the binding of HIgG by MEL-A. The bound amount of HIgG increased depending on the attached amount of MEL-A onto poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (polyHEMA) beads, whereas the amount of human serum albumin slightly decreased. Binding-amount and -selectivity of HIgG towards MEL-A were influenced by salt species, salt concentration and pH in the buffer solution. The composite of MEL-A and polyHEMA, exhibited a significant binding constant of 1.43 x 10(6) (M(-1)) for HIgG, which is approximately 4-fold greater than that of protein A reported. CONCLUSIONS: MEL-A shows high binding-affinity towards HIgG, and this is considered to be due to "multivalent effect" based on the binding molar ratio. This is the first report on the binding of a natural human antibody towards a yeast glycolipid.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Substituent-dependent, positive and negative modulation of Bombyx mori adenylate cyclase by synthetic octopamine/tyramine analogues.

Octopamine (OCT)/tyramine (TYR) analogues, mainly including p- and beta-substituted phenylethylamines, were prepared as probes for the ligand-binding site(s) of adenylate cyclase-coupled OCT or TYR receptors, and were examined for their effects on cAMP production in the head membranes of Bombyx mori larvae. Small structural changes in OCT and TYR proved to lead to three types of OCT/TYR analogues: (1) compounds that increase the cAMP level by themselves and also depress OCT-stimulated cAMP production, (2) compounds that do not stimulate cAMP production by themselves but inhibit OCT-stimulated cAMP production, and (3) compounds that are not active in either the stimulation of cAMP production or the inhibition of OCT-stimulated cAMP production. Tyramine, which belongs to the second group, also inhibited the basal level of cAMP production at high concentrations. The data indicate that two biogenic amine systems that positively and negatively regulate the level of the second messenger cAMP are present in the head part of B. mori larvae. This finding points to the necessity of separately evaluating the positive and negative regulatory effects in order to quantitatively understand the structure-activity relationships of OCT receptor ligands. Arch.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed2001

Bacopaside I and II: two pseudojujubogenin glycosides from Bacopa monniera.

Two saponins, designated as bacopaside I and II, have been isolated from Bacopa monniera Wettst. and their structures have been elucidated as 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-[6-O-sulphonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl pseudojujubogenin (1) and 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl pseudojujubogenin (2) mainly on the basis of 2D NMR and other spectral analyses.

Bufanolides↗
PubMed2001

Effect of obesity and troglitazone on expression of two glutathione peroxidases: cellular and extracellular types in serum, kidney and adipose tissue.

To determine the effect of obesity on expression of cellular- (C-) and extracellular (EC-) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in serum, kidney and adipose tissue, we measured GPX in serum, kidneys and adipose tissue of the obese Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat and its lean counterpart (LETO). We also investigated the effect of troglitazone. Five each of OLETF and LETO rats were fed diet with or without 0.2% troglitazone for 10 days. Final body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level were higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. Serum and kidney GPX activities were higher, but adipose tissue GPX activity was lower, in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. Troglitazone treatment decreased adipose tissue GPX activity and abolished overproduction of TNF-alpha in OLETF rats. Immunoblot analysis, for the first time, revealed that both obesity and troglitazone suppressed the protein signals for C-GPX and EC-GPX in adipose tissue. Serum protein carbonyl groups were increased in OLETF rats and troglitazone completely blocked this increase. Increased serum GPX activity in obese rat was due to the increased secretion of EC-GPX from the kidney. Troglitazone protected against the enhanced oxidative stress induced by obesity independently of the serum GPX concentration.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Induction of glutathione peroxidase in response to inactivation by nitric oxide.

To determine effect of nitric oxide (NO) on cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX) level in living cells, we measured the activity, protein and mRNA of GPX in rat kidney (KNRK) cells under a high NO condition. Combined treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microgram/ml) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 50 ng/ml) synergistically enhanced (23-folds) nitrite production from KNRK cells. This was suppressed by an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (aminoguanidine, N-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride) and arginase. iNOS expression was detected by RT-PCR in the treated cells. GPX was inactivated irreversibly when the cells had been homogenized before exposure to a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). In living KNRK cells, SNAP and LPS + TNF-alpha exerted a transient effect on the GPX activity. The treatment with SNAP (200 microM) or sodium nitroprusside (200 microM) enhanced GPX gene expression, which was blocked by a NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. GPX mRNA was markedly increased by the treatment with LPS + TNF-alpha, and aminoguanidine blocked the effect. In cells metabolically labeled with 75Se, LPS + TNF-alpha accelerated the incorporation of radioactivity into GPX molecule by 2.1-fold. These results suggest that inactivation of GPX by NO triggers a signal for inducing GPX gene expression in KNRK cells, thereby restoring the intracellular level of this indispensable enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of open reading frame 5 in Japanese porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism.

For the epidemiological survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolated in Japan, the open reading frame (ORF) 5 gene of 37 field isolates in Chiba prefecture from 1991 to 1999 were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Reverse tanscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplifying the ORF 5 gene detected 35 field isolates except for 2 isolates. RFLP analysis with MluI, HincII, SacII, HaeIII and MspI demonstrated that 35 field isolates were divided into 14 distinct codes and 34 isolates were distinguished from VR2332-derived modified live PRRSV vaccine, indicating the existence of genetic diversity in PRRSV field isolates in Japan. Only one strain 98-4A had an RFLP pattern identical to the vaccine strain. Nine out of the 35 field isolates (25.7%) had the RFLP code 1-3-2-1-1 and these patterns occurred throughout the examination period. This suggests that these isolates are the prevailing strain of PRRS in Chiba prefecture. RFLP with 5 enzymes demonstrated that various strains existed in the same year, and that there were different codes on the same farm according to the year. These observations indicate that there is a genetic variation among field isolates in very limited regions and some viruses possess the ability to cause their own genomic substitutions within a herd in a short time.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Rat homologue of the human M(r) 110000 antigen is the protein that expresses widely in various tissues.

The rat homologue of the human M(r) 110000 antigen, which cross-reacts with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies, was isolated from a rat lung cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a signal peptide, cysteine-rich and immunoglobulin-like region, serine-threonine region, and N-glycosylation sites in the extracellular portion. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a wide distribution of the mRNA in adult rat tissues and A10 rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the rat homologue of the human M(r) 110000 antigen may be a receptor or a cell adhesion molecule rather than a specific carcinogenic antigen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Troglitazone inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo study in 3T3-L1 cells and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of troglitazone action on nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. The treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma synergistically induced de novo iNOS expression leading to enhanced NO production. The NO production was inhibited by co-treatment with aminoguanidine or N-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride. Troglitazone inhibited the NO production in a dose dependent manner by the suppression of iNOS expression. In the 24 week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, the mean weight and the blood glucose were 21% and 30%, respectively, higher than in their lean counterparts. The serum nitrite concentration was increased after injection of LPS (4 mg/kg, i.p.), more markedly in OLETF rats than in the lean rats. The epididymal fats from LPS-injected groups, but not the ones from the non-injected groups, expressed mRNA and protein of iNOS. Troglitazone pre-treatment blocked the LPS-induced expression of iNOS in adipose tissue and the increase in serum nitrite concentration. These results suggest that troglitazone inhibits the cytokine-induced NO production in adipocytes by blocking iNOS expression both in vitro and in vivo.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2000

Cloning and expression of mouse deafness dystonia peptide 1 cDNA.

Complementary DNA of mouse deafness dystonia peptide 1 (DDP1) was isolated from adipocyte cDNA library and expressed in mammalian cells. The sequence shares homology of 92 and 97% on the nucleic acid and the amino acid levels with human DDP1. In comparison to mouse Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) locus, the coding region spans 2 exons and the splice point is the same as human DDP1. Northern blot analysis suggests that mouse DDP1 expresses ubiquitously. In vitro transcription/translation study showed that the cDNA of mouse DDP1 codes about 11 kDa peptide. DDP1 tagged with FLAG localized in mitochondria and cytoplasm of COS7 cells. P19 embryonal carcinoma cells transfected with anti sense DDP1 cDNA were frequently dead after subculture and all the survivals expressed endogenous DDP1 mRNA. Therefore, mouse DDP1 may play an important role to survive in contrast to Tim8p, a yeast homologue, which was unnecessary in yeast.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of a bovine herpesvirus type 4 isolated from the spinal cord of a cow with astasia.

A bovine herpesvirus (BHV) strain designated B11-41, was recently isolated from the spinal cord of a cow with astasia. By BHV type specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a BHV-4 specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of strain B11-41. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR product revealed high homologies (98.4% and 99.8%) with those of two BHV-4 strains (Movar 33/63 and 86-068). The BamHI restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of the B11-41 were more similar to those of BHV-4 than those of other types of BHV. BHV-4 is divided into two groups, European and American. The EcoRI, and BamHI, and HindIII restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated that strain B11-41 was closely related to the American type of BHV-4. It was concluded that B11-41 was identified as a BHV-4 that belongs to the American group. Additionally, the results of this study may indicate that the nervous system is one of the sites of viral latency in natural infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from an oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC), a form of lymphatic spread of cancer cells, from head and neck cancers is extremely rare. We report here a case of PLC from an oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a 68-year-old man. The patient underwent inductive chemoradioimmunotherapy which resulted in complete tumor remission. The tumor, however, recurred 6 months later and was resected. Late metastasis occurred in the ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes 13 months post surgery and these lymph nodes were dissected. Three months later, the patient suffered from a fever, cough and dyspnea and a chest radiograph revealed an interstitial linear pattern from the right hilum to the right upper lung field. Without diagnosis of the pulmonary lesion, swelling of the bilateral lymph nodes followed after a few months and dyspnea worsened with spread of the reticular shadow and appearance of Kerley's B line on the roentgenogram, suggesting PLC. The patient gradually became more distressed and finally died 6 months after the onset of dyspnea. The microscopy of the autopsied pulmonary tissue revealed tumor cell nests in the lymph vessels in the septa and the pulmonary lesion was histopathologically diagnosed as PLC. The present case indicates that we should consider PLC when cough and dyspnea with reticular shadows and Kerley's B line are observed in patients with head and neck carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The mechanism of mononuclear cell infiltration in oral lichen planus: the role of cytokines released from keratinocytes.

To clarify the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP), we investigated the roles of keratinocytes (KC) in mononuclear cell infiltration. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy donors were cultured in the presence of culture supernatants of KC separated from the noninflamed gingivae (Nor-KC) and cheek mucosae of patients with OLP (OLP-KC), the number of migrated PBMC across monolayered human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were increased to about 1.3-fold and 1.5-fold of the control level, respectively, with increases of the expression of CD11a, CD11b, CD18, and CD49d on PBMC and intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 on HUVEC. The number of migrated PBMC was reduced to about 60% of the control level by pretreatment of PBMC with anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 MAb and reduced to about 70% by pretreatment of HUVEC with anti-CD54 MAb. The pretreatment of PBMC with genistein, H-7, wortmannin, or exoenzyme C3 decreased the migrated PBMC by about 70 to 90%. In agreement with these results, the culture supernatants of OLP-KC up-regulated tyrosine phosphorylation of 62-kDa, 70-kDa, and 102-kDa proteins, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and protein kinase C activities and activated Rho protein level more so than did those of Nor-KC. Additionally, actin reorganization with the formation of membrane ruffles and lamellipodia was distinctly induced by the culture supernatants of OLP-KC. These results indicate that cytokines generated by KC transduce their signals in PBMC, up-regulating the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules and migration activity with reorganization of actin filaments.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗