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Biomedical subjects

T Nara

Publications and source records attributed to T Nara.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Neonatal tuberous sclerosis with heart and brain tumors.

A 6-day-old neonate with tuberous sclerosis having brain and cardiac tumors is reported. The patient presented with a seizure 20 minutes after birth. Cranial ultrasonography and computed tomography on admission showed a large and round high-density tumor lesion in the left frontal lobe. Echocardiography also showed a large tumor lesion beside the left ventricle wall, and a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was promptly made. Two months later, a periventricular calcified lesion was found on the demonstrated portion, and the tumor lesion initially observed in the brain had disappeared. These findings suggest that the initial tumor lesion found in the brain developed into a typical calcified lesion.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Development of the human mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus: a morphometric study.

Anatomical development of the human mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively, using serial sections of brains, with the help of a computer-assisted image-analyser. Five fetuses at 16, 18, 21, 23 and 27 weeks of gestation; five neonates at 30, 32, 33, 35 and 40 weeks of gestation; a two-month-old infant and a 63-year-old adult were studied. Morphometric analyses of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus revealed that orocaudal columnar length and neuronal areas gradually increased with gestational age. Diversity of neuronal areas appeared after 32 weeks of gestation, but neuronal numbers and shapes showed little change throughout prenatal and postnatal life.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1990

Development of the human putamen: a morphometric study.

The development of the human putamen was studied using complete serial sections from the brains of 6 fetuses at 21, 23, 27, 30, 33 and 34 weeks of gestation (WG). Morphometric analysis revealed the following data. (1) The total number of putaminal neurons increased gradually from 21 to 33 WG, suggesting that the migration of putaminal neurons continues at least up to 33 WG, and the neuronal number increased markedly after 33 WG. (2) No neuronal death was observed from 21 to 34 WG. (3) Large-sized neurons 4-5 times the area of small-sized neurons appeared from 30 WG onward. The ratio of large neurons to the total putaminal neurons increased by up to 1.4% at 33 and 34 WG.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1989

Clinical study of epileptic children with frequent seizures.

The subjects were 98 children with an average age of 5.8 years. The frequent seizures were categorized into the following three modes: (1) seizures occur more than five times a day; (2) 1-4 seizures occur every day for one week or more; (3) 1-4 seizures a day occur weekly for one month or more. The incidence of each mode was as follows: (1) 15.3%; (2) 16.3%; (3) 17.3%; (1) + (2) 43.9%; etc. We observed frequently the cases of tonic-clonic seizures in mode (1), infantile spasms (IS) in mode (2), simple partial seizures (SPS) in mode (3), and minor seizures, IS, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in mode (1) + (2). Abnormal CT findings were observed in 37.8%. Of all the patients, 33.7% indicated a developmental quotient (DQ) or intelligence quotient (IQ) above 80, and 31.6% showed a DQ or IQ under 30. Of 96 patients followed for the past one year or more, 32.3%, consisting mainly of the cases with absence seizures and IS, had been seizure-free for at least one year; 60.4% including the cases with LGS, SPS, etc., still had seizures.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Development of the human hypoglossal nucleus: a morphometric study.

Development of the human hypoglossal nucleus was studied using complete serial sections of the brains of 9 fetuses at 16, 18, 21, 23, 27, 32, 33, 35 and 40 weeks of gestation, a 2-month-old infant, a 16-year-old adolescent and a 63-year-old adult. Morphometric analysis produced the following three findings pertaining to the development of the human hypoglossal nucleus: (1) development may accelerate after 32 weeks of gestation; (2) postnatal maturation is observable, and (3) natural cell death, as indicated by a decrease in the number of neurons and the appearance of degenerating neurons, may occur during fetal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of the antischistosomal effect of levo- and dextro-praziquantel on Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni in mice.

Praziquantel (PZQ) is a racemic compound composed of equal proportions of its optical isomers, levo- and dextro-PZQ. The efficacy of these compounds was compared with that of PZQ in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni. Mice were given 50, 2 x 50 (on consecutive days), 500, or 2 x 250 mg/kg of each compound orally 5 weeks after infection. Significant reduction of worm recovery was observed in S. japonicum infection 30 days after treatment with 2 x 50, 500, or 2 x 250 mg/kg of levo-PZQ, whereas no therapeutic effect was demonstrated with dextro-PZQ. Percent reduction in worm burden in mice treated with levo-PZQ was significantly higher than in those with PZQ at a dosage of 2 x 50 mg/kg (67.9% vs. 34.5%). Neither eggs in feces nor miracidial hatching of eggs from the livers and intestines were observed in mice treated with levo-PZQ. In S. mansoni infection, levo-PZQ showed no significant schistosomicidal effect compared with PZQ and dextro-PZQ, although there was reduction in egg counts.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni: ultrastructural damage in the tegument and reproductive organs after treatment with levo- and dextro-praziquantel.

Ultrastructural observations were made of changes in the tegument and reproductive organs of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni from ICR mice after treatment with praziquantel (PZQ), levo-PZQ, and dextro-PZQ at a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. No marked difference in types and extent of lesions of the tegument of S. japonicum was found between the compounds regardless of the time of worm recovery after treatment. This was equally true of S. mansoni. Degeneration of the testis, ovary, and vitelline gland of S. japonicum was more prominent in worms administered PZQ and levo-PZQ than in those receiving dextro-PZQ. In S. mansoni, extensive regression of the reproductive organs was observed in male and female worms treated with PZQ and dextro-PZQ, while no serious damage was seen in worms treated with levo-PZQ.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Development of the human fetal brain: volumetric analysis of the component parts].

Development of human fetus brain was morphometrically evaluated through measuring volumes of the cerebrum and its component parts (i.e. cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, diencephalon, ventricles, embryonal periventricular cell layer, etc.) in the second trimester of gestational period. For the measurement of volumes, authors employed a unique method which consisted of a combination of serial celloidin sections, electric image-analyzer and computer. We found that each component part of fetus brain developed heterochronously from the view point of volumetric analyses. In the component parts of cerebrum, diencephalon developed first, followed by subcortical white matter and ganglia, and cerebral cortex developed last. It is concluded that a combined method of serial sections, image-analyzer and computer analyses is reliable and useful to obtain more precise and objective information for the morphometrical evaluation of brain development.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

[Development of the human facial nucleus: a morphometric study].

The development of the human facial nucleus was studied using complete serial sections of the brains of 8 fetuses at 21, 23, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, and 40 weeks of gestation, a 2-month-old infant and a 63-year-old adult. Morphometric analysis adopting a microscope, an electronic planimeter and a computer revealed the following three points as to the development of the human facial nucleus. (1) The size of neurons, the amount of Nissl body, the length of processes and neuropil increased gradually after 30 weeks of gestation. (2) The facial nucleus was divided cytoarchitectonically into dorsal, medial, intermediate, ventromedial, ventrolateral and lateral subnuclei at 21 weeks of gestation onwards. The mean neuronal size of the medial subnucleus was smaller than that of other subnuclei. (3) The number of neurons was practically the same regardless of age. At 21 and 33 weeks of gestation, 10% of total neurons was degenerated.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1988

Neuron-specific enolase in comatose children.

Sequential examination of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and serum was performed in 20 comatose children with acute encephalitis, acute encephalopathy, or Reye's syndrome. Neuron-specific enolase activities corresponded to the degree of brain damage. As neuron-specific enolase levels increased to greater than 80 ng/mL, patients had more severe impairment or died. Neuron-specific enolase may be a useful marker for evaluating the degree of neuronal damage and prognosis.

Acute Disease↗