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T O Gabrielsen

Publications and source records attributed to T O Gabrielsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Contrast enhancement in the craniopharyngioma cyst wall caused by irradiation.

PURPOSE: To report the occurrence, degree, frequency, and duration of contrast enhancement in the craniopharyngioma cyst wall as caused by irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight patients with cystic craniopharyngiomas had comparable CT or MR studies before and after either external irradiation of the cyst (n = 5) or 32P instillation into the cyst (n = 3). RESULTS: A minimal to marked increase in cyst-wall enhancement was seen at 66-157 days after 32P instillation in 3/3 cases and at 112-495 days after external irradiation in 3/5 cases. The increased enhancement was always associated with a variable interim increase in the thickness of the enhanced cyst wall. CONCLUSION: CT or MR imaging after the irradiation of cystic craniopharyngiomas usually demonstrated an increase in thickness and enhancement in the cyst wall. Such changes may be due to the irradiation alone and do not necessarily represent infection or increased neoplastic activity. The timing is uncertain as to the earliest possible development of such changes and their maximum duration, but they were seen as early as 66 days post-irradiation and as late as 495 days post-irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Craniopharyngioma: radiologic and histologic findings and recurrence.

PURPOSE: To identify the CT and MR characteristics of craniopharyngiomas, to evaluate the histologic types of craniopharyngioma, and to compare the radiologic/histologic appearance and type of therapy with tumor recurrence. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 45 patients with craniopharyngiomas for which surgical specimens (n = 45), preoperative MR or CT studies (n = 27), or other MR or CT studies or reports (n = 18) were available. Radiologic appearance, histologic morphology, treatment, and tumor recurrence were studied. RESULTS: Adamantinomatous epithelium was found in 40 of 45 surgical specimens, keratin in 34 of 45, and squamous epithelium in 11 of 45. A continuum of mixed morphology rather than distinct subtypes of tumors was found. The radiologic appearance did not correlate with the histologic features. No statistically significant difference was found between children and adults with respect to tumor size, calcification, histology, or tumor recurrence. Patients treated with radiation after subtotal resection had far fewer tumor recurrences (n = 3) than patients treated with surgery alone (n = 18). CONCLUSION: Craniopharyngiomas could not be divided into distinct histologic types. No differentiating radiologic or histologic characteristics could be established for craniopharyngiomas in children versus adults. Radiation treatment was strongly associated with tumor regression or lack of recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The leucocyte protein L1 (calprotectin): a putative nonspecific defence factor at epithelial surfaces.

The L1 protein occurs at high concentrations in neutrophils, monocytes, certain reactive tissue macrophages, squamous mucosal epithelia, and reactive epidermis. It constitutes in fact about 60% of the neutrophilic cytosol protein fraction. The two L1 chains (L1H and L1L) are referred to by a bewildering collection of names, various authors having different preferences (MRP-8 and MRP-14; CFA or calgranulin A and B). The most recent proposal is calprotectin because of its calcium-binding properties and antimicrobial effect shown in vitro. L1 belongs to the S-100 protein family and may be involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. It exists at high levels in blood and interstitial tissue fluid in several infectious, inflammatory, and malignant disorders, and it is released abundantly in foci of granulocytes and macrophages. The C-terminal sequence of the L1H chain has been shown to be identical to the N-terminus of peptides known as neutrophil immobilizing factors. Such an activity of L1 could be important for the accumulation of vital granulocytes, while L1 released from neutrophils, macrophages and epithelial cells might exert antimicrobial activity, perhaps by depriving microorganisms of zinc. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of L1 in vitro were found to be 4-32 mg/l for Candida albicans, 64 mg/l for Staphylococcus aureus, 64-256 mg/l for S. epidermidis, and 256 mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Killing was observed at 2-4 times higher concentrations. In patients with HIV infection, those who developed oral candidiasis had significantly lower parotid L1 levels than those who did not (67 micrograms/l vs. 216 micrograms/l).

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Esophageal carcinoma metastatic to the brain: clinical value and cost-effectiveness of routine enhanced head CT before esophagectomy.

PURPOSE: To assess the value of screening enhanced head CT before esophagectomy for carcinoma, identify increased risk factor(s) for brain metastases, and determine metastasis incidence. METHODS: Thoracic surgery files of patients undergoing esophagectomies for squamous carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and undifferentiated carcinomas between January 1984 and March 1993 were reviewed regarding sex, size (length) of neoplasm, and brain metastases. Surgical pathology and tumor registry files also were reviewed. Records of patients with brain metastases were reviewed in detail. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-four esophagectomies were performed for 230 adenocarcinomas (202 male, 28 female) and 104 squamous carcinomas (61 male, 43 female). In 9 males and 1 female with adenocarcinomas and 1 male and 1 female with squamous carcinomas, brain metastases developed. Surgical pathology files identified 293 additional esophageal carcinomas, including 2 males with adenocarcinomas metastatic to brain. Tumor registry files identified I additional male with brain metastasis from an undifferentiated esophageal neoplasm. No statistically significant preoperative characteristic of esophageal carcinomas with proneness to brain metastases was found, except large size of primary neoplasm. Preoperative screening head CT done on approximately 240 patients who underwent esophagectomies showed no metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Brain metastases from carcinomas of the esophagus are relatively uncommon (3.6% in the esophagectomy cohort). They tend to occur in patients with large primary neoplasm, probably especially adenocarcinomas involving the esophagogastric junction, and with findings of local invasion and lymph node metastases by CT and/or microscopically. It may be reasonable to obtain head CT as a last preoperative staging procedure in such patients. Routine preoperative head CT for staging is not cost effective.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Congenital arteriovenous fistulas supplied by a single branch of the maxillary artery.

We report four cases (two children, two adults) of congenital arteriovenous fistula supplied by a single large (pterygoid) branch of the second part of the maxillary artery deep to the parotid gland and mandible, with emphasis on the angiographic findings, therapeutic implications, and cause, with a review of the literature. Awareness of a predilection of congenital arteriovenous fistulas for this site, excellent-quality selective angiography, and careful attention to flow patterns help make the correct diagnosis. Endovascular balloon occlusion is the preferred treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Aquarium-borne Mycobacterium marinum infection].

Three cases of cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection are described. All these patients had most probably been infected from home aquariums. In one of the patients, M. marinum was isolated by culturing a biopsy specimen from a lesion. Clinical remission was achieved by means of antituberculous triple therapy, trimethoprim-sulfonamide, and no treatment, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Cowden's disease. A syndrome with multiple hamartomas and neoplasias].

We describe a patient with Cowden's disease, a rare genodermatosis characterized by multiple hamartomas and neoplasms of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal origin. The most characteristic findings are mucocutaneous lesions, including facial trichilemmomas, oral papillomatosis, and acral and palmoplantar keratoses. It is important to recognize these markers because of the high incidence of internal malignancy, the most common being breast cancer. Multiple extracutaneous hamartomas are described as being predominantly localized to breasts, thyroid gland, and gastrointestinal tract. Associated anomalies in multiple organs are frequently found.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Cardiac surgery and distribution of the leukocyte L1 protein-calprotectin.

Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) secrete lysosomal enzymes, eicosanoids and toxic oxygen metabolites. In cardiac surgery patients, we measured arterial plasma levels of PMN and L1 (calprotectin), a prominent granulocyte protein, during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The myocardial arterio-venous gradients were evaluated during reperfusion after cold cardioplegic arrest (n = 10). The arterial plasma concentration of L1 increased during CPB from 344 +/- 71 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) preoperatively to 5221 +/- 1267 micrograms/l at the end of CPB (P less than 0.001). Simultaneously, the number of circulating PMN also increased (from 4.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(9)/l to 9.1 +/- 1.2 x 10(9)/l (P less than 0.05)). There was a positive correlation between the mean number of circulating PMN and the plasma level of L1 at all sampling times during CPB (r = 0.93, P less than 0.05). A coronary sequestration of both L1 (P less than 0.006) and PMN (P less than 0.002) was found after 5 min reperfusion. This was not present at 15 and 30 min reperfusion. The coronary entrapment of L1 and PMN did not covary significantly, and was unrelated to both the time of cardioplegic arrest and the arterial levels of L1 and PMN. In conclusion, the increased plasma concentrations of PMN and L1 during CPB and the coronary sequestration of both PMN and L1 may be factors in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury of the myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma of the finger leading to amputation.

A case of eccrine angiomatous naevus in a 34-year-old pregnant woman is described. The tumour was located on the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx of the left little finger causing severe pain. Partial resection provided no improvement and finally amputation was necessary. Histological examination revealed the typical appearance of an eccrine angiomatous hamartoma with a large number of eccrine ducts combined with vascular structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lumbar myelography with iohexol in outpatients: prospective multicenter evaluation of safety.

A multicenter open, noncomparative evaluation of the safety of iohexol was prospectively conducted in 81 adult outpatients undergoing screen-film lumbar myelography. Iohexol (180 milligrams of iodine per milliliter) was administered via a lumbar route at a dose of 8-17 mL. Computed tomography (CT) was performed after myelography. The safety of iohexol was assessed by monitoring adverse reactions and neurologic status and by measuring vital signs and serum laboratory values. The most frequent adverse reaction was headache (16 of 81 patients [19.7%]). Twelve patients complained of a headache on the day of the myelographic procedure, and four patients reported a headache 24 hours after the procedure. Nausea or vomiting occurred in four of 81 patients (4.9%) only on the day myelography was performed. No other neurologic abnormalities were found. Iohexol produced myelographic and CT studies of good to excellent quality in all patients. This study indicates that iohexol can be employed safely in lumbar myelography of adult outpatients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epithelial distribution of a myelomonocytic antigen LI in relation to cutaneous malignancies and melanocytic naevi.

The distribution of LI antigen in four common skin tumours was examined immunohistochemically in 40 samples of formalin-fixed routine biopsy material. Presence of LI in the dermis depended on the extent and composition of the inflammatory infiltrate; LI was found mainly in reactive histiocytes and neutrophils. Intense epidermal staining was seen adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, but not adjacent to melanocytic naevi. In specimens of melanocytic naevi, LI staining around pilosebaceous units was weak or absent. Around the three malignant types of lesion, epidermal LI positivity faded distally--thereby indicating the extent of the tumour. LI was, in addition, expressed by the most highly differentiated cells in squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the other neoplasms were negative. Antibody to LI may, thus, be a useful adjunct for distinction between various types of skin tumours.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Epidermal and dermal distribution of a myelomonocytic antigen (L1) shared by epithelial cells in various inflammatory skin diseases.

The L1 antigen is a major cytosol component of human granulocytes that may also be expressed by macrophages and epithelial cells. Its epidermal and dermal occurrence was investigated in formalin-fixed routine biopsy material from eleven different inflammatory skin disorders. Localization was performed with a rabbit antiserum to L1 applied in an unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. L1 antigen was not found in normal skin except in epithelial cells of pilosebaceous units. However, epidermal L1 antigen was demonstrated in every biopsy specimen from lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, dermatitis herpetiformis, and atopic dermatitis, whereas granuloma annulare test results were usually negative. The occurrence of dermal L1 antigen depended on the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate; specimens rich in neutrophilic granulocytes (e.g., dermatitis herpetiformis) were particularly strongly stained. Extracellular dermal staining was also seen, especially in areas adjacent to accumulation of positive leukocytes. The varying epidermal occurrence of L1 antigen in skin diseases probably signified different degrees of proliferative activity of the epithelial cells and could apparently not be ascribed to uptake from the dermis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Patients with partial seizures: evaluation by MR, CT, and PET imaging.

Fifty patients who experienced partial seizures were imaged with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR); 14 of these also had imaging studies of local cerebral glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET). Thirteen patients with attenuation abnormalities on CT scans also had abnormal signals on MR images; ten other patients had MR-image signal abnormalities but normal CT scans. In all seven patients undergoing PET who had MR-signal and sometimes also CT-attenuation abnormalities, areas of metabolic asymmetry were present. Positive PET scans were also seen in three patients with no evidence of abnormality on CT and MR studies. Focal cerebral substance loss on CT and MR studies, present in 21 patients, did not correlate well with electroencephalographic findings. MR is utilized as the initial imaging procedure in patients with partial seizures because it is more readily available and less invasive than PET and more sensitive than CT scanning.

Adolescent↗