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Biomedical subjects

T O Jefferson

Publications and source records attributed to T O Jefferson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cost-benefit analysis of the introduction of mass vaccination against hepatitis B in Italy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the costs and benefits of introducing mass vaccination against hepatitis B in Italy, given the announcement of compulsory vaccination of all newborn babies from 1991. Benefits were calculated by summarizing the clinical course of hepatitis B in Italy and projecting its incidence rates to the next 30 years using Brown's exponential smoothing technique. Incidence rates were then applied to the survivors of a cohort of newborns in 1992, and the total number of cases avoidable through vaccination was derived. Direct and indirect marginal costs were estimated for these cases. The marginal costs of the vaccination campaign were estimated. Cost and benefits were compared for 99 years following the introduction of the vaccination, using an 8 per cent discount rate and a sensitivity analysis. Despite difficulties in data gathering, susceptibility to discounting and estimating costs, results show an unfavourable cost-benefit ratio which is influenced by a declining incidence of the disease. Vaccination of high-risk groups is probably more efficient.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1991

First aid training: an appraisal. The soldier's longest journey.

A two part study was carried out to identify the most cost-effective way of enhancing first aid in the British Army. There is a lack of co-ordination between a variety of training programmes for paramedical non-RAMC personnel. Questionnaires were used to ascertain the views of users and experts were asked their views on the requirement for first aid at point of wounding on the battlefield. Skills needed in addition to those currently taught to all soldiers were identified. These include the setting up of intravenous infusions, administration of analgesia and antibiotics and the recognition and treatment of battleshock.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1991

First aid training.

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Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

An investigation into regular recruit wastage from the British Army, 1988.

A study was made of recruit medical discharges in the British Army in 1988 with the aim of ascertaining the number of medical discharges amongst recruits. AFBs 6863 (Notification of Discharge of a Regular Recruit) were used as the source of data. Recruit medical wastage rate for 1988 was 897 cases, or 16.7% of all known discharges. Three types of medical discharges were present. Four hundred and ninety-six Type 1 or concealed discharges, (9.2% of discharges for all reasons) were made up of cases who had not been boarded and had mainly been discharged under QR 9.381 (defect of enlistment). Two hundred and seventy-five Type 2 discharges (5.1% of discharges for all reasons) represented boarded cases discharged under QR 9.385 (ceasing to fulfil medical requirements). One hundred and twenty-six Type 3 discharges (2.3% of all discharges) were boarded cases mainly discharged under QR 9.381 (defect of enlistment). As all discharges under paragraphs other than QR 9.385 are given administrative discharge outflow code, only the 275 Type 2 discharges (or 31.7% of medical discharges) appeared on the Army's own source of medical data, the TRIMEDS database. This had the effect of concealing the majority of those discharges caused by conditions predating enlistment therefore decreasing the number of known false negatives not detected at recruiting medicals. The biggest causes of discharge were conditions of the lower limbs and back (54.5% of medical discharges), a conglomerate of minor categories of pathology (14.6%), asthma (9.6%) and deformities (7.4%). Within each type the bulk of the discharges was concealed in Type 1 discharges especially for conditions predating enlistment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Health Status↗
PubMed1986

Smoking patterns and physical fitness in a Gurkha Infantry Battalion.

The aims of this paper are to illustrate the average tobacco consumption in an Infantry Battalion of the Brigade of Gurkhas in an attempt to relate this to fitness standards. The discernable smoking trends are compared with data published and unpublished from the British and other European Armies. The daily routine of a Gurkha soldier is described and the results of a basic fitness test are examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Perinatal mortality in infants of two different ethnic groups.

In a retrospective survey of 1433 Chinese and 1130 Gurkha (Nepali) births in an Armed Services environment in Hong Kong, neonatal mortality rates were analysed according to birthweight. The data thus obtained were compared with similar data from published surveys with the aim of ascertaining any differences in mortality rates.

Hong Kong↗