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Biomedical subjects

T O Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to T O Wagner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Type A natriuretic peptides exhibit different bronchoprotective effects in rats.

The protective effect of 11.4, 22.8 or 45.6 pmol/kg/min cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP-(99-126)), urodilatin (CDD/ANP-(95-126)) or vehicle intravenously against acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction was compared in spontaneously breathing, halothane-anesthetized Wistar rats. The inhalation of acetylcholine induced significant alterations of the spontaneous breathing parameters evaluated by whole-body plethysmography without significant differences between the treatment groups. Forced parameters detect airflow changes with a greater sensitivity and were measured in hyperventilation-induced temporary apnoea after the challenge. The forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s revealed a significant protective effect of 11.4 pmol/kg/min urodilatin compared to the controls whereas the parameters of the forced expiratory flow-volume curve were significantly preserved by 11.4 and 22.8 pmol/kg/min urodilatin (P < 0.05). Urodilatin showed protective effects against an acetylcholine challenge whereas CDD/ANP-(99-126) was without significant influence.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Localization of the bronchodilator effect induced by type A natriuretic peptide in asthmatic subjects.

Type A natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP-99-126) in its circulating form was analyzed with respect to the localization of its bronchodilating effects in asthmatic subjects in vivo. The intravenous infusion of 5.7, 11.4, and 17.1 pmol kg-1 min-1 CDD/ANP-99-126 caused a significant bronchodilation of both central and peripheral airways. While the localization of the bronchodilating effects was similar to beta 2-agonists, an improvement in lung function parameters comparable to these substances was not observed. But other members of the natriuretic peptide family may reveal a stronger bronchodilating potency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Long-term effects of breathing exercises and yoga in patients with bronchial asthma].

To compare the effects of breathing exercises (BE) or Yoga (Y) on the course of bronchial asthma we studied 36 subjects with a mild disease. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. 2 of them participated in a 3 weeks training program of BE or Y while the third group rested without any additional treatment (control group, C). At the end of the training period the patients were asked to practise BE or Y on their own. Drug therapy and lung function parameters before and after a beta 2-agonist metered dose inhaler (albuterol, ALB) were recorded prior to the training program and in 4 weeks intervals for 4 months thereafter. The response to the beta 2-agonist was documented continuously in 28 patients. The mental state of the patients was elucidated by questionnaires.--Prior to the study a significant effect of inhaled ALB on the FEV1 was shown without any significant between group differences. Both, BE and Y, caused a significant amelioration of the mental state but only the BE induced a significant improvement of lung function parameters compared to the individual baseline values. The FEV1 increased significantly by 356.3 +/- 146.2 ml (p < 0.05) and the VC by 225.0 +/- 65.5 ml (p < 0.01). These long-term changes were not significantly different from the actual response to ALB. BE decreased the RV significantly by 306.3 +/- 111.6 ml (p < 0.05), an effect significantly higher compared to the beta 2-agonist (p < 0.01). BE in combination with ALB caused an additive effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Lung and heart-lung transplantation: indications, complications and prognosis].

Lung- and heart-lung transplantation has become a serious therapeutic option for terminally ill patients with chronic pulmonary failure. Due to the still rather high risk of acute rejection, severe pulmonary or systemic infection, and the relatively demanding postoperative care, this treatment can only be considered for patients where inspite exhausted conservative options for therapy quality of life and prognosis are not acceptable. Not only due to lack of donors single-lung transplantation has developed to be the favorite treatment for patients with interstitial lung disease (idiopathic, sarcoidosis, asbestosis etc.) and even for pulmonary hypertension unless irreversible damage to the myocardium is present. Double-lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with emphysema and cystic fibrosis. Heart-lung transplantation is mainly limited to patients with a high degree of right ventricular or valve dysfunction as in Eisenmenger-Syndrome. Midterm clinical results have evolved to be very satisfactory while on the longterm basis chronic transplant dysfunction not responding to any kind of therapy causes a lot of concern. One- and two-year survival rates are 85 and 82% resp. in our program and thus are in the same range as those after heart transplantation.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1993

Changes of natural killer cells during acute psychological stress.

Emotional stress is often followed by increased susceptibility to infections. One major role in the immediate immune response to infection is played by natural killer (NK) cells. This study was designed to establish whether acute psychological stress influences cellular immune functions and to elucidate the role of endocrine parameters as potent mediators of stress induced alterations of the immune system. Forty-five first-time tandem parachutists were examined continuously for their plasma concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines from 120 min before to 60 min after jumping. Lymphocyte subsets, NK activity, and ADCC were determined 2 hr before, immediately after, and 1 hr after jumping. There was a significant increase in sympathetic-adrenal hormones during (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and shortly after jumping (cortisol). Lymphocyte subsets and the functional capacity of NK cells revealed an increase immediately after jumping followed by a decrease significantly below starting values 1 hr later. These changes were significantly correlated to plasma concentrations of noradrenaline. Thus, quick mobilization of NK cells is suggested as one major mechanism for this effective adaptation of the immune system to stress situations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Catecholamines induce alterations of distribution and activity of human natural killer (NK) cells.

Catecholamines have been suggested to be responsible for altered cellular immunity after stress. This study was performed to determine the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell functions. Subjects were given a subcutaneous injection of either NaCl, adrenaline (5 micrograms/kg), or noradrenaline (10 micrograms/kg). Catecholamine concentrations, subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes, NK activity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were analyzed before (baseline) and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. There were no differences between groups in the distribution of CD2+ and CD8+ lymphocytes over time. However, CD3+ and CD4+ T cells decreased significantly 5 to 60 min after injection of adrenaline. In contrast, NK cell numbers (CD16+, CD56+) increased significantly 5 min after injection of adrenaline and noradrenaline, reached the highest values 15 to 30 min postinjection, and subsequently declined to baseline values 60 (noradrenaline) and 120 (adrenaline) min, respectively, after injection. Similar alterations for NK activity and ADCC were observed after administration of both catecholamines. These data suggest that both sympathetic-adrenal hormones are similarly potent modulators of natural immunity and provide further evidence that catecholamines might be responsible for the observed alterations in immune functions after phases of acute stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Psychophysiological, neuroendocrine and cellular immune reactions under psychological stress.

Emotional stress is often followed by increased susceptibility to infections. Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in the immediate immune response controlling this susceptibility. In this study on 45 first-time parachutists, it is demonstrated that highly controlled psychological stress increased psychophysiological variables, enhanced the secretion of sympathetic-adrenal hormones and also led to a significant increase of NK cells and their cytotoxic activity followed by a decrease below starting values. This immunological alteration is correlated with the secretion of noradrenaline during the emotional strain. Quick mobilization of these cytotoxic effector cells is suggested as a major mechanism for the effective adaptation of the immune system to stress situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acute psychological stress increases plasma levels of cortisol, prolactin and TSH.

The effects of acute stress during a parachute jump on hormonal responses were studied in 12 experienced and 11 inexperienced military parachutists. Each subject performed two jumps. Prior to and immediately after each jump blood samples were drawn and analysed for plasma levels of cortisol, prolactin, thyrotropin (TSH), somatotropin (STH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). While there was a significant increase in cortisol, prolactin and TSH levels after both jumps, no alterations could be observed in STH and LH levels. Stress-induced hormonal responses were not affected by jump experience. There was also no association between the endocrine variables and anxiety scores.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Decreased incidence of bronchial complications following lung transplantation.

Despite omental wrap and avoidance of prophylactic administration of corticosteroids in the early postoperative phase, ischemic bronchial complications still represent an important source of early morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. In a retrospective analysis, the effect of pharmacological enhancement of pulmonary collateral flow on bronchial healing was investigated. Thirty-nine consecutive unilateral or bilateral transplant procedures (Tx) were analyzed. Immunosuppression consisted of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG), cyclosporine A, and azathioprine. In group 1 (10 Tx, 12 anastomoses) routine immunosuppression was employed and the anastomoses wrapped with an omental or pericardial pedicle. In group 2 (29 Tx, 41 anastomoses) PGI2 (4 ng/kg per min x 48 h), heparin (200 U/kg per day), and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg per day) were added to the therapeutic regimen. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age and sex of the patients, primary diagnosis, type of transplant, intraoperative use of extracorporeal circulation, graft ischemia, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Bronchoscopic evidence of a significant bronchial ischemia (extending more than 1 cartilaginous ring beyond the anastomosis) was seen in 8 of 12 anastomoses in group 1 vs 14 of 53 anastomoses in group 2 (P = NS). In group 1, significant bronchial stenosis required implantation of an endobronchial silicone stent in 6 of 12 anastomoses, whereas in group 2, no significant bronchial stenosis occurred (P less than 0.01). No negative effects possibly related to the prophylactic administration of corticosteroids could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of lung function during pulmonary rejection and infection in heart-lung transplant patients. Hannover Lung Transplant Group.

Pulmonary rejection and infection are the most important complications after lung transplantation. To evaluate the diagnostic value of pulmonary function testing for early detection and discrimination of these complications, seven heart-lung recipients were examined. The diagnosis of each complication was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings including transbronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage. Eight episodes of rejection, ten episodes of viral infection and six episodes of bacterial pneumonia were analyzed. Pulmonary rejection was associated with a significant fall in the FEV1/IVC% and the FEF50%. In viral infection, the most impressive finding was a reduction in the DCO, whereas no obstructive or restrictive airway dynamics were observed. During bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary function measurement revealed a decrease in IVC without signs of obstructive airway dynamics. Adequate treatment resulted in reconstitution of pretreatment values. Assessment of lung function provides valuable information for the diagnosis of pulmonary complications following HLTx.

Adult↗