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Biomedical subjects

T Ogihara

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogihara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[A case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with renal tubular acidosis, Sjögren syndrome and empty sella syndrome].

This report describes a 48-year old female patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, distal-type renal tubular acidosis (d-RTA), Sjögren syndrome (SjS), and empty sella syndrome (ESS). She has been receiving replacement of thyroxine for Hashimoto's thyroiditis since 1967. She felt muscle weakness and numbness in the extremities and was found to have low serum potassium (2.9 mEq/l) in 1987. Since then she has been administrated potassium chloride orally. She was admitted to our hospital because of recurrence of muscle weakness and numbness of the extremities in November 1990. Laboratory examination revealed that her serum levels of antimicrosomal antibody and anti-thyroglobulin antibody were highly positive (MCHA: x 2(10) x 100, and TGHA: x 100). Furthermore, she was revealed to have 1) d-RTA by oral tolerance tests with the administration of NH4Cl and NaHCO3, 2) SjS by Schirmer test and sialography, and 3) ESS by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the pituitary. Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, d-RTA, SjS and ESS in this case may possibly be caused by common autoimmune mechanism.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1992

Hypotensive effect associated with a phospholipase C-delta 1 gene mutation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

To identify the genes responsible for blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat strain, we performed a cosegregation analysis between the genotype and blood pressure in a set of male F2 rats obtained by crossmating SHR with Wistar-Kyoto rats, a parental normotensive strain. Our investigation revealed that the phospholipase C-delta 1 polymorphism, which resulted in missense mutation, cosegregates with the lower blood pressure in SHR, and that PLC-delta 1 gene is located on chromosome 8. On the other hand, we found the lack of cosegregation between blood pressure and the nerve growth factor receptor gene, which is linked to a hypertensinogenic gene locus (denoted as BP/SP-1) on chromosome 10. We propose that PLC-delta 1 gene itself of closely linked gene on chromosome 8 is a new candidate with the hypotensive effect, and that BP-SP1 locus does not directly contribute to blood pressure elevation in original SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Direct in vivo gene introduction into rat kidney.

We established a simple and highly efficient method for in vivo gene transfer using HVJ (Sendai virus) and liposomes. Plasmid DNA and high mobility group 1 (HMG1) protein were co-encapsulated in liposomes by agitation and sonication and were co-introduced into cells by HVJ-mediated membrane fusion. pACT SVT DNA, as a reporter gene, was introduced into the kidney of intact rats through a cannula in the renal artery, and SV40 large T antigen was detected by enzyme immunohistochemistry in glomerular cells 4 days after its introduction. This newly developed kidney-directed gene transfer method should be useful not only in basic research but also in potential gene therapeutics of renal diseases.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

Concentrations and molecular forms of human brain natriuretic peptide in plasma.

Using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), immunoreactive (ir-) human BNP was found to be present in plasma, in addition to heart and brain tissue. Plasma concentrations of ir-BNP were 0.17-0.74 fmol/ml (mean: 0.35 fmol/ml) in normal young men, being about 1/17 of the plasma concentration of human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). In patients with heart disease, plasma concentration of ir-BNP increased about 100-fold (5.00-177.37 fmol/ml), being nearly comparable to that of ir-ANP, even though ANP concentration also increased about 7-fold. Two molecular forms of ir-BNP in plasma were identified as BNP-32 and gamma-BNP (pro-BNP), which are also found in cardiac atrium. In normal human plasma, gamma-BNP is the predominant molecular form, while the main form in cardiac atrium is BNP-32. These results suggest that biosynthesis and secretion of BNP are augmented in heart disease and that human BNP has a unique processing and metabolic system distinct from that of ANP.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1992

Effects of proton pump inhibitor on gastric mucosa hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in anesthetized rats.

Proton pump inhibitors have been reported to have a cytoprotective action in addition to the anti-secretory action of acid. The precise mechanism, however, remains obscure. In this study, the effects of proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole and NC-1300) on gastric mucosa hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation were investigated using organ reflectance spectrophotometry in a hemorrhagic shock-reperfusion model involving anesthetized rats. Neither drug affected gastric mucosa hemodynamics nor tissue oxygenation in the basal state before hemorrhage. During the hemorrhagic shock state, however, these drugs maintained tissue oxygenation and reduced ulcer formation, although they did not show a significant effect on gastric mucosa blood volume. The results suggest that both proton pump inhibitors have an anti-ulcer action by maintaining mucosal oxygenation in addition to the anti-secretory activity of acid.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac free wall rupture in acute myocardial infarction: ameliorative effect of coronary reperfusion.

To investigate the pathophysiology of cardiac free wall rupture (cardiac rupture) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to clarify whether reperfusion therapy prevents cardiac rupture, 1,329 cases of AMI (conventional therapy group: 807 cases and reperfusion therapy group: 533 cases) were studied retrospectively. The overall incidence of cardiac rupture was 2.3% (2.7% in the conventional therapy group vs. 1.7% in the reperfusion therapy group). Patients with cardiac rupture were divided into two subgroups according to the time interval from the onset of AMI to cardiac rupture (early rupture less than or equal to 72 h and late rupture greater than or equal to 4 days). The indices of initial evolution of AMI was a significant risk of early cardiac rupture. The reperfusion therapy group showed significantly lower incidence of late rupture (0.4 vs. 1.5% in conventional therapy group; p less than 0.05). The incidence of cardiac rupture in the unsuccessful reperfusion therapy group was higher than that of the successful group (5.9% of 118 cases vs. 0.5% of 404 cases; p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the etiology of cardiac rupture following AMI cannot be explained by any single factor. Early rupture depends on the initial evolution of AMI, and early reperfusion and collateral flow prevent the late onset cardiac rupture.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1992

Spectral change in heart rate variability in response to mental arithmetic before and after the beta-adrenoceptor blocker, carteolol.

Spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuation was evaluated before and after administration of carteolol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor-blocker, to investigate the neural regulatory mechanisms underlying the haemodynamic changes induced by mental stress. Mental stress increased blood pressure and heart rate, with an increased low frequency band, and low frequency/high frequency ratio of the power spectral analysis which are indices of sympathetic activity. Carteolol did not change basal and pre-mental stress measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and spectral density. However, carteolol altered the response to mental stress with a decrease in spectral density of the low frequency band and low frequency/high frequency ratio, and an increase in the high frequency component. These results confirm that mental stress elevates blood pressure by activating the sympathetic nervous system, and suggest that blockade of the beta-adrenoceptor attenuates the pressor response by preventing the autonomic responses to mental stress.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1992

Growth rate of myelin figures for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.

The growth length of myelin figures (or myelin tubes) was measured for several kinds of phospholipids using optical microscopy. The measurements were done for myelin figures with various thickness of tube wall. In spite of remarkable differences in morphology between the myelin figures of phosphatidylcholine and those of phosphatidylethanolamine, the growth rates for both were adapted to the expression proposed previously. The initial rate and the damping factor of the growth were inversely proportional to the wall thickness of myelin tubes.

In Vitro Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Computer-assisted two-dimensional analysis of gastric mucosal hemoglobin distribution using electronic endoscopy.

An electronic endoscope was modified to assess the imaging of two-dimensional distribution of gastrointestinal mucosal hemoglobin with the aid of a computer and image analyzing system. The band-pass filters ranging from 530-470 nm (G'), and 770-830 nm (IR) replaced ordinary filters in a conventional electronic endoscope (Olympus V-10 or EVIS-200). As the hemoglobin is the most abundant biological pigment in the gastrointestinal mucosa absorbing the green light with little absorption in the infrared region, we used the algorithm of 32 [log2(Vir/Vg)] as a reflection of hemoglobin content in the surface mucosa. The algorithm had a good correlation with the spectrophotometrically measured hemoglobin concentration. The mucosal distribution of hemoglobin was displayed in patients with gastric ulcer. In conclusion, the computer and image analyzing system were successfully applied in an attempt to determine gastric mucosal hemoglobin content and its distribution. The possible applications of computers in endoscopic image analysis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the myotonic dystrophy associated CTG repeat in European and Japanese populations.

Gene amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on DNA samples from a total of 92 normal subjects and 52 subjects with myotonic dystrophy (DM) from European and Japanese populations, to determine the copy number of the CTG repeat associated with DM for each group. In the two populations, the number of repeats on normal chromosomes only were compared, as CTG copy number on DM chromosomes was difficult to determine by PCR alone. In this study, normal chromosomes were found which had as many as 35 copies of the repeat, which is larger than the normal range reported previously but still does not overlap with the repeat number associated with DM pathology, which is at least 50 copies. Using data from normal chromosomes from unrelated subjects, the frequencies of five, 11, and 13 copies of the CTG repeat were found to be significantly different between the two populations, with five and 11 copies more commonly seen in the European population and 13 copies in the Japanese population. This difference may be the result of natural divergence of the normal chromosomes between the population groups.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Participation of decreased serum cholesteryl ester transfer activity, independent of increased serum lipoprotein(a), in angina pectoris in normolipemic elderly subjects.

The cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) is a measurement of the transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL, LDL or peripheral cells. Its role in the development of early coronary heart disease is not clear. In the present study, serum levels of CETA, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and other lipid-related factors were compared in 10 normal young subjects, 28 healthy elderly subjects and 14 normolipemic elderly patients with angina pectoris. Compared to the young normals and healthy elderly subjects, the elderly patients with angina pectoris showed significantly decreased mean serum CETA levels, and significantly increased mean serum levels of Lp(a) and apoprotein B. These results may indicate that decreased serum values of CETA participate in the development of angina pectoris in normolipemic elderly patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Circulating suppressing factor for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Circulating suppressing factor for the binding of quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), an antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, to the synaptic membranes was evaluated in 48 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), in 17 patients with the vascular type dementia (VTD) and in 11 nondemented elderly subjects (NE). The mean suppression rate on the binding in the SDAT group was significantly greater than that in the NE group, although that in the VTD group was similar to that in the NE group. Moreover, the percent QNB binding was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the score of the mini-mental state in the SDAT group. The circulating suppressing factor may participate in the pathogenesis of SDAT.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Possible role of the vascular renin-angiotensin system in hypertension and vascular hypertrophy.

To investigate the vascular renin-angiotensin system in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension, we measured angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) in the aorta and aortic and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration in 2K1C rats during early (4 weeks) and chronic (16 weeks) phases. Four weeks after clipping, there was no significant change in aortic angiotensinogen mRNA in both groups. However, the levels of plasma and aortic Ang II in 2K1C rats were significantly elevated compared with levels in control rats (p less than 0.05). Sixteen weeks after clipping, aortic angiotensinogen mRNA in 2K1C rats did not differ compared with the level in control rats. The aortic Ang II level in 2K1C rats was significantly increased compared with that in control rats (p less than 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the plasma Ang II level between the groups during this chronic phase. During both phases, morphological studies in 2K1C rats showed arteriosclerotic changes, with a significant increase in the wall-to-lumen ratio (p less than 0.01). The present study is the first to demonstrate an increase in vascular Ang II levels and concomitant morphological arteriosclerotic changes during both the early and chronic phases in 2K1C rats. Together with the results of our previous study that demonstrated an elevation of vascular renin activity during the early phase and increased vascular angiotensin converting enzyme activity during the chronic phase, we conclude that the elevated vascular renin activity and vascular angiotensin converting enzyme activity during each phase may play a dominant role in the increase in vascular Ang II observed during both phases.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1992

Role of cardiac angiotensin II in isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to induce proliferation of cardiac myocytes. To examine the role of Ang II in left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, isoproterenol was infused subcutaneously into 9-week-old male Wistar rats at 4.2 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Infusion of isoproterenol increased LV weight and Ang II concentrations in plasma and in LV tissue. In anephric rats, LV weight and tissue Ang II were increased similarly, but plasma Ang II was not changed by isoproterenol. Concomitant oral administration of trandolapril and isoproterenol prevented increases in both LV Ang II and LV weight. Treatment with hydralazine decreased blood pressure in a similar way as trandolapril but did not affect either LV weight or LV Ang II. Plasma Ang II was not decreased by either trandolapril or hydralazine when administered in combination with isoproterenol. These results suggest that cardiac tissue Ang II regulates myocyte growth in isoproterenol-induced LV hypertrophy, and the reduction of Ang II partly explains the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by the converting enzyme inhibitor.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

Analysis by the polymerase chain reaction of histocompatibility leucocyte antigen-DR9-linked susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

DNA sequence analysis of class II HLA from Caucasian and black patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has suggested that aspartic acid at position 57 (Asp 57) of the DQ beta chain provides protection against insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In contrast, most Japanese patients with IDDM have Asp 57-positive alleles. To determine the reason for the differences and to localize the HLA-linked diabetogenic gene in Japanese, we studied the DQA1 and DQB1 genes of Japanese patients with IDDM and control subjects by the polymerase chain reaction in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Associations of DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0303 with IDDM were observed. DQA1*01 was associated negatively with IDDM. The HLA-DR9 haplotype, which is associated positively with IDDM in Japanese, was associated with DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0303, indicating that the Japanese DR9 haplotype is the same as that in caucasians but different from that in blacks. Of the loci on Japanese DR9 haplotypes, the DQA1*0301 allele showed the highest association with IDDM. DQB1*0303 was also positively associated with IDDM. Since DQB1*0303 is identical to DQB1*0302 except that it contains Asp 57, the data suggests that an Asp 57-positive allele confers susceptibility to IDDM when the whole molecule of the DQ beta chain is similar to other susceptible DQ beta chains. DQA1*0301 appears to be a marker of IDDM in all these populations: Japanese, caucasian, and black.

Adult↗