PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Ohlmann

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohlmann.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Water-level representation by men and women as a function of rod-and-frame test proficiency and visual and postural information.

In the water-level task, it has been repeatedly shown that, compared with men, women more often fail to represent the surface of a liquid as horizontal regardless of the tilt of the container. An attempt was made to reduce this robust gender gap through the manipulation of relevant upright references conveyed both by the position of the stimuli and the posture of the subject. It was reasoned that bringing the women to focus on such gravitational references through postural adjustment might help their performance equal that of men, thus shedding some light on the nature of the difficulty they experience in the standard setting. A lesser effect was anticipated among men. However, the results showed that, even after controlling for proficiency in the correlated visuospatial situation of the rod-and-frame test, the performance of men always surpassed that of women. Irrespective of gender, water-level representation on vertical sheets was unaffected by the subject's posture, whereas it improved when horizontal sheets were coupled with the most unstable posture. Whereas the persistence of the yet-unaccounted-for gender difference was underscored, the contributions of visual and postural cues issued at arm and full-body levels were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[A clinical rating scale for personality. Its validation through factor analysis in geriatrics (author's transl)].

A rating scale has been established in our department. It is used to assess different psychological aspects. It can be applied in treatment trials as well as to provide a descriptive study of personality or behaviour. 26 two-pole items at five levels are covered by this scale. A factor analysis was used to validate the scale on a population of old people in institutional care. This showed the scale evaluates one general factor and nine group factors: affective maturity, social ease, inhibition, social adaptation, anxiety depression, psychic well-being, psychopathic tendencies, extraversion and receptivity, guilt-feeling. To appreciate the effects of psychotropic drugs on behaviour, these ten factors can be grouped into three: a factor we can call "mental health", a factor of social adaptation, an affective-emotional factor.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Elaboration and standardization of a series of psychometric tests for old people (author's transl)].

We had previously elaborated a series of psychometric tests for old people. The aim of this test series is to assess the effects of brain-stimulating drugs (vasodilatating drugs). A factorial analysis was then carried out which enables us to reduce the number of tests, on the one hand, and to indicate the most fundamental fields of activity in old people, on the other hand. Four factors were distinguished. They assess respectively: watchfulness, memory, fluidity, and precision in the task undertaken. These four factors are strongly correlated. This implies the presence of a general factor, close in kind to the first factor. Watchfulness, attention and concentration are, in fact, necessary but insufficient conditions for the performance of all cognitive activities. A total of 7 tests among the most representative of each factor were retained. They are described in detail: test conditions, instructions, scoring and standardization.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Position of the egocentric reference and performance in line bisection and subjective vertical estimation tasks.

Egocentric body coordinates such as the sagittal midline have been proposed to act as a reference for ballistic movements in extracorporeal space. Symmetrical functioning of the multiple neural structures processing sensory information would account for the normal sagittal position of the egocentric reference. According to this hypothesis a unilateral parietal lesion would induce a ipsilesional deviation which would prevent neglect patients from responding to stimuli that occur on that side. In this line of reasoning, an experimental manipulation of the position of the egocentric reference by way of a postural perturbation should have an effect on visuospatial tasks performance in normal subjects. Seventeen right-handed subjects were submitted in the dark to two visuomotor tasks: the adjustment of a luminescent rod to the vertical and the bisection of a luminescent line, either with the trunk and the head aligned at 0 degrees or with a 30 degrees trunk rotation to the right or to the left. Results revealed no significant effect of trunk rotation on the performance in both tasks. We discuss these findings and their implication for the understanding of the neglect syndrome.

Adult↗