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Biomedical subjects

T Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohmori.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

HBs antigen subtypes among acute hepatitis patients in Japan: evidence of imported hepatitis.

HBs antigen subtypes were determined among 137 acute hepatitis patients in Japan. The distribution among the 99 male patients was 40 adr, 37 adw, one ayw, and 21 undetermined while that among the 38 female patients was 19 adr, 11 adw, and eight undetermined. The distribution among the male patients was different from that among HBs antigen carriers in Japan, suggesting that they were exposed not only to domestic HBs antigen carriers, but also to other sources. Thirty-one (29 males and two females) of the 137 patients (22.6%) were found to have been abroad at some time during the incubation period. The distribution among them was seven adr, 21 adw, and three undetermined. The majority had the same subtypes that are prevalent in the countries they visited, supporting the hypothesis that most of them had contracted the disease overseas. The remaining 106 patients had a distribution of the subtypes similar to that of domestic HBs antigen carriers. "Imported hepatitis" would be an important cause of acute type B hepatitis in Japan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Similar physical and kinetic properties of rat brain synaptic membrane and cytosol phosphoinositide phospholipases C.

Phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PLC) was extracted from the synaptic membrane fraction of rat brain by 1% sodium deoxycholate. The molecular weight and sedimentation coefficient of the membrane PLC were about 160,000 and 6.7 as estimated by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, respectively. These values of the membrane PLC were identical with those of the cytosol PLC of the same tissue. Moreover, the membrane PLC showed the substrate specificity for phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and the sensitivity to Ca2+, sodium deoxycholate and N-ethylmaleimide similar to those of the cytosol PLC. These results indicate that the rat brain synaptic membrane PLC is indistinguishable from the cytosol PLC in physical and kinetic properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Differential effects of haloperidol, clozapine, and fluperlapine on tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and prolactin secretion in the rat.

Two atypical neuroleptic agents, clozapine and fluperlapine, produced rapid elevations in plasma PRL concentrations that were similar in magnitude to those produced by haloperidol. However, the PRL response to clozapine or fluperlapine was of much shorter duration than that elicited by haloperidol. Clozapine, but neither fluperlapine nor haloperidol, produced a rapid increase in the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons, as evidenced by an enhanced accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence after the inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase. The clozapine-induced increase in DOPA accumulation was evident within 30 minutes after its administration and persisted for at least 4 hours. The clozapine-induced increase in the activity of TIDA neurons may account, in part, for the abbreviated PRL response to this neuroleptic. In addition, ability to produce a short-lived increase in PRL secretion in the rat appears to be common to the atypical neuroleptic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The developmental fate of Dictyostelium discoideum cells depends greatly on the cell-cycle position at the onset of starvation.

The relationship between the development of Dictyostelium discoideum Ax-2 and the cell cycle at the onset of starvation was analysed with special reference to sorting behaviors during the formation of polarized cell masses (slugs), using a method for inducing good synchrony. Cells starved at different cell-cycle positions showed different developmental features during further culture. For example, cells just before mitosis and dividing cells were sorted out into the anterior prestalk zone of migrating slugs, while cells starved during most of the G2-phase, into the posterior prespore zone. Time courses of cell aggregation and tip formation were also found to vary greatly in a cell-cycle-related manner, and cells starved during the late G2-phase showed the most rapid development. Differential chemotaxis and cohesiveness are generally considered to be important for cell sorting in Dictyostelium development. In fact, remarkable differences in the chemotactic ability to a chemoattractant, cAMP, were detected among cells starved at any particular phase of the cell cycle. EDTA-resistant cohesiveness was also acquired differently depending on the cell cycle, and it was stronger in the cells showing more rapid aggregation. These findings indicate a close relation of the cell cycle to the cell sorting and pattern formation. The possible significance of the cell-cycle-related events presented here is discussed, with special emphasis on the process of cell aggregation.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1987

Malignant granular cell tumor of the esophagus. A case report with light and electron microscopic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study.

Malignant granular cell tumor of the esophagus found in a 70-year-old female was reported. Microscopically, the tumor showed a variety of the histology from compact proliferation of polygonal granular cells in pseudo-epitheliomatous pattern to plexiform proliferation of elongated granular and fibroblastic cells in neurofibromatous pattern, and the tumor cells frequently contained eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm. Histochemically, argyrophilic neurofibrils in the stroma and argyrophilic cytoplasmic processes or grains were seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive reaction with S-100 protein (S-100), but all reactions with myoglobin (MG), desmin (DM), fibronectin (FN), creatinine phosphokinase-mm (CPK), factor 8th-related antigen (F8RA), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), keratin (KN), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor cells had typical lysosomal granules filled with proteinaceous electron dense materials and fine membrane-bound particles sized 15 to 45 nm resembling virus or neurosecretory granule.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Occurrence of Gal beta (1----3) GalNAc-Ser/Thr in the linkage region of polygalactosamine containing fungal glycoprotein from Cordyceps ophioglossoides.

The nitrous acid deamination liberated the N-acetyl galactosamine containing glycoproteins from galactosminoglycan (CO-N) which has been isolated from Cordyceps ophioglossoides culture. Mild alkaline borohydride degradation of the purified glycoprotein released oligosaccharide alditols. The smallest oligosaccharide alditol was characterized to be Gal beta (1----3)-GalNAcol. This result indicated that polygalactosamine part attached to protein part via Gal beta (1----3) GalNAc-Ser/Thr as the linkage region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Gal-GalNAc-Ser/Thr linkage from fungal glycoprotein.

Fungal Proteins↗
PubMed1986

The role of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme variance in alcohol sensitivity, drinking habits formation and the development of alcoholism in Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines.

It is known that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) responsible for metabolism of acetaldehyde deriving from ethanol has two distinct forms of isozymes: ALDH-I (low Km ALDH) and ALDH-II (high Km ALDH), and that many Orientals lack ALDH-I isozyme genetically. In the present study, the role of ALDH isozyme variance in the alcohol sensitivity, drinking habits formation and the development of alcoholism was investigated in Japan, Taiwan and the Phillipines. Isozyme analysis using isoelectric focusing of hair roots specimens from normal volunteers or schizophrenics revealed that about 42% of Japanese, 35% of Taiwanese and 12% of Phillipines were ALDH-I deficient. Questionnaire study of Japanese volunteers indicated that ALDH-I deficient individuals showed flushing, palpitation and other uncomfortable somatic signs, due to reduced metabolism of acetaldehyde, much more frequently than ALDH-I positive ones. Consequently, it occurred that only 19% (8/42) of ALDH-I deficient persons, in contrast to 49% (29/59) of ALDH-I positive ones, were drinking habitually. Patients with alcoholism showed much smaller percentages of ALDH-I deficiency: 4% (5/113) in Japan and 10% (3/29) in Taiwan, than those of control subjects. Summarizing these data, a hypothesis can be presented that genetically derived difference of ALDH activities is one of the determining factors in the sensitivity to alcohol, formation of drinking habits, and finally in the development of alcoholism, at least among Oriental peoples.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma showing cytoplasmic hyaline globules and stromal osteoids. A case report with light and electron microscopic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study.

A 56-year-old man died of widespread metastases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) primarily developed in the left lower gingiva after a rapid clinical course is reported. Primary and metastatic tumors showed light and electron microscopic, histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of MFH together with cytoplasmic hyaline globules and stromal osteoids. Hyaline globules revealed periodic acid-Schiff positive and diastase resistant reactions but not positive with any histochemical and immunohistochemical reactions. Osteoids were partially calcified and rimmed by osteoblastic tumor cells. The present case of MFH may provide difficulties in the differential diagnosis from some osteoid-forming sarcomas in soft tissues with relation to the histogenesis.

Fibroblasts↗
PubMed1986

Antitumor activity of protein-bound polysaccharide from Cordyceps ophioglossoides in mice.

The effects of protein-bound polysaccharide (SN-C) extracted from Cordyceps ophioglossoides on the growth of transplanted allogeneic and syngeneic murine tumors were studied. SN-C given by intraperitoneal administration suppressed the growth of sarcoma-180 transplanted subcutaneously in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of SN-C also caused a significant prolongation of the life span of ICR mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Ehrlich carcinoma, and C3H/He mice inoculated intraperitoneally with a syngeneic tumor (X-5563). SN-C showed a significant cytocidal effect on cultured tumor cells. SN-C did not affect delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in normal mice, but restored the depressed capacity to raise DTH in tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that SN-C may exert both direct and host-mediated antitumor effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Structure and antitumor activity of an alkali-soluble polysaccharide from Cordyceps ophioglossoides.

A water-insoluble extracellular glucan (CO-1) was isolated from the precipitate formed on incubation of the culture filtrate of Cordyceps ophioglossoides at 37 degrees for 19 h. CO-1 was homogeneous as judged by h.p.l.c., electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation, and the average molecular weight was determined by h.p.l.c. to be 632,000. The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. and the i.r. spectra indicated that the glucosidic linkages in CO-1 were beta. From the results of methylation analysis, Smith degradation, n.m.r. studies, and enzymic hydrolysis, it was concluded that CO-1 is composed of a backbone of (1----3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues with a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached to O-6 of every second D-glucopyranosyl residue of the backbone. CO-1 strongly inhibited the growth of Sarcoma 180 solid-type tumor. CO-1 polyalcohol, which was prepared by Smith degradation of CO-1, exhibited more-potent antitumor activity than CO-1. The absorption maximum of Congo Red shifted significantly in the presence of CO-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prostatic leiomyosarcoma revealing cytoplasmic virus-like particles and intranuclear paracrystalline structures.

This report concerns an ultramicroscopic study of an autopsy case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the prostate in a patient who died of widespread blood-borne metastases after a rapid clinical course. Ultrastructural observation of tumor cells demonstrated some characteristics of leiomyosarcoma and furthermore revealed frequent intranuclear structures in paracrystalline array together with aggregates of interchromatin granules and cytoplasmic virus-like particles.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Primary colonic plasmacytoma associated with acute myelogenous leukemia.

We present a case of primary colonic plasmacytoma associated with acute myelogenous leukemia in a 32-year-old man. The neoplastic plasma cells revealed monoclonal lambda-light chains in the cytoplasm using immunoperoxidase techniques. Histochemical and electron microscopic findings are described with a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Early stages of N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male and female rats and effect of gonadectomy on liver neoplastic conversion and neoplastic development.

The early stages of N-2-fluorenylacetamide [(2-FAA) CAS: 59-96-3]-induced liver carcinogenesis in inbred F344 male and female rats and the effect of gonadectomy on liver carcinogen biotransformation capability and hepatocarcinogenesis were studied. Feeding of 2-FAA induced more altered hepatocellular foci characterized by exclusion of cellular iron and gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity in male rats than in female rats. At 6-22 weeks after cessation of carcinogen exposure, only males developed liver neoplastic nodules. Liver cytochrome P450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and uridine-5'-diphosphateglucuronosyltransferase activity toward p-nitrophenol, but not phenolphthalein, were greater in males than in females. Gonadectomy of males reduced the activities that were greater than in females, whereas none was significantly altered by gonadectomy of females. Gonadectomy of male rats prior to 2-FAA feeding suppressed the induction of both altered foci and neoplastic nodules, whereas in female rats gonadectomy prior to 2-FAA feeding enhanced the induction of foci. Gonadectomy of males after administration of 2-FAA slightly enhanced the persistence of foci at 6 and 12 weeks after removal of carcinogen, but it did not affect their persistence by 22 weeks post carcinogen or the incidence of neoplastic nodules. However, only the males that were gonadectomized after receiving 2-FAA developed hepatocellular carcinomas at 22 weeks. Gonadectomy of females after receiving 2-FAA did not affect the persistence of foci, and no liver neoplasms developed. Thus gonadectomy of male rats, which reduced liver carcinogen metabolism, when done before carcinogen feeding had the greatest effect on hepatocarcinogenesis.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗