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Biomedical subjects

T Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohmori.

252 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients on long-term hemodialysis.

The level of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in subjects at rest was found to be significantly lower in 12 patients on long-term hemodialysis than in a healthy 8-member control group: 28.3 +/- 7.2 and 13.6 +/- 7.6 IU/1, respectively (p less than 0.01). Following immersion of one hand of each subject into cold water (4 degrees C) for 1 min, a significant rise was observed in both groups, 6.1 +/- 4.8 IU/1 for the control and 1.6 +/- 1.4 IU/1 for the patient group (p less than 0.01). Upon tilting up the head of all subjects, activity in both groups increased significantly, but a markedly smaller rise was found in the patient group: 5.8 +/- 4.8 and 1.1 +/- 1.6 IU/1 for the two groups, respectively (p less than 0.01). The data suggest an autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients on long-term hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of an anaplastic giant-cell carcinoma found 8 years after operation on a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Light and electron microscopic studies have been made on an anaplastic giant-cell tumor that developed in a woman 8 years after an operation on the thyroid for papillary carcinoma. Many giant cells were observed in the anaplastic tumor tissue, but no follicles. Numerous tightly-packed mitochondria and abundant ribosomes were present, but there were no desmosomes. The basement membrane was not distinct.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Hemodynamic effects of acetate in man.

To determine the action of acetate in man, 1.7mEq/ml of sodium acetate was infused in 10 patients on chronic hemodialysis. It was administered intravenously in 1.5mEq/min for 5 min followed by 3.8mEq/min for another 5 min. As control, 1.71mEq/ml of sodium chloride was infused in a similar manner. Following the infusion of sodium acetate, heart rate increased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01). Limb blood flow measured in an upper limb by the venous occlusion method, showed an increase in all of them and it was significant( p less than 0.001). The peripheral vascular resistance (=mean arterial blood pressure/limb blood flow) showed a significant fall (p less than 0.001). The analysis of systolic time interval showed a change suggestive of depression of heart function at the end of sodium acetate infusion (p less than 0.05). Such a vasodilating effect or a change in heart function was not observed following sodium chloride infusion. A depressant action of acetate upon the cardiovascular system may be, therefore, concluded.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Effect of alpha-benzene hexachloride on 2-fluorenylacetamide carcinogenesis in rats.

Studies were made on the effect of 0.06% alpha-benzene hexachloride (alpha-BHC) on hepatic changes, including development of hepatomas, in rats treated with 0.025% 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) at the same time. alpha-BHC inhibited the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas and oval cells infiltration in rats treated with 2-FAA for 5 months. However, it did not inhibit induction of hyperplastic nodules, it induced liver adenocarcinomas in 4 of 11 rats, and it caused remarkable cyst formation in the liver of rats treated with 2-FAA.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1977

Diminished vascular reactivity to a cold stress in azotemic patients.

The integrity of the neurovascular reflex arc to a cold stimulus was evaluated by the determination of the response of the limb blood flow in fifteen azotemic patients. Seven of these patients became hypotensive during the course of renal failure despite comparable hemodialysis therapy. They showed a constant low blood pressure (mean blood pressure below 90 mmHg). The reactivity index (defined as the relative change at the 15th second of stimulus) was 15.9 +/- 14.4% for these hypotensive patients, and 35.7 +/- 12.0% for the remaining eight normotensive ones, while that of healthy subjects was 48.7 +/- 8.7%. The greatly diminished reactivity of the hypotensive patients could not be explained by humoral or hormonal factors. The dysfunction of somatic nerves of the vascular geometry could not be responsible for the difference. A dysfunction of adrenergic control of blood pressure was, therefore, strongly suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Depressant action of acetate upon the human cardiovascular system.

The effect of regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialyzate containing acetate was evaluated in 20 patients. After dialysis, a significant increase in limb blood flow was found (P less than 0.01) while the mean arterial blood pressure remained unchanged indicating a significant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance after HD (P less than 0.01). Cardiac function was evaluated using the ratio of the preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/ET); this value showed a significant increase after HD suggesting depression of cardiac function (P less than 0.001). The study was repeated substituting bicarbonate for acetate in 13 of the 20 patients. Under these conditions, limb blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance showed no significant change though mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). The ratio, PEP/ET, showed a significant increase after HD (P less than 0.01), but the value was significantly lower than that found after HD with dialyzate containing acetate (P less than 0.05). Changes in the serum levels of calcium, potassium, pH and body weight could not explain the differences found after HD with the two kinds of dialyzate. The results of the present study suggest strongly that acetate exerts a depressant action on the cardio-vascular system.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of Korsakoff's syndrome improved by high doses of donepezil.

We present a case of Korsakoff's syndrome that was successfully treated with high doses of donepezil, an inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase, known to retard the progress of symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. The patient was a 46-year-old married Japanese woman who began to drink alcohol after she married. After several years of drinking she developed typical symptoms of the Korsakoff syndrome. Donepezil was started after treatment with thiamine or thiamine plus fluvoxamine had failed. Her amnestic symptoms as well as her quality of life improved markedly during donepezil treatment. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase may be an effective treatment for Korsakoff's syndrome.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary aldosteronism with cortisol overproduction from bilateral multiple adrenal adenomas.

A 55-year-old woman with bilateral multiple adenomas showed hypertension, muscle weakness, hypokalemia, moon-like face and truncal obesity. Increased serum and urinary levels of aldosterone were observed. Serum cortisol level did not show a normal circadian rhythm. Microscopic examination of the resected tumors showed two types of adenoma cells; one (golden yellow tumor) was a large clear cell with foamy cytoplasm which possibly secreted aldosterone and the other (dark brown tumor) was an acidophilic cell with lipofuscin which might have produced cortisol. This is a very rare case of primary aldosteronism with Cushing's syndrome due to multiple bilateral adrenal adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vinca alkaloids induce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Several anti-cancer drugs are known to have proliferation-related effects on various cells, such as an activation of some transcription factors and an induction of some cytokines. We examined the effect of anti-cancer drugs on granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Increase of GM-CSF protein and mRNA were observed in PBMC after exposure to vindesine sulfate (VDS). Induction of GM-CSF protein was dose-dependent and detectable at VDS concentrations of 0.1 microgram/ml. This effect was also observed in response to treatment with other microtuble-depolymerizing agents, vincristine sulfate and vinorelbine ditartrate, but not with cisplatin, etoposide, or paclitaxel. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon, we examined the effects of cyclohexamide and actinomycin D on the expression of GM-CSF mRNA. Both of these drugs completely inhibited GM-CSF mRNA expression after VDS exposure, implying that VDS induces de novo GM-CSF synthesis in an indirect manner. As a candidate for the initial signaling, we next examined the role of the IL-1 beta autocrine or paracrine pathways in GM-CSF induction by VDS. IL-1 beta protein and mRNA expression were induced after VDS exposure more rapidly (from 4 hours) than expression of GM-CSF (protein from 12 hours and mRNA from 8 hours). Addition of anti-IL-1 beta antibody partially inhibited induction of GM-CSF by VDS. These results suggest that GM-CSF induction by VDS is partially mediated through the initial generation of IL-1 beta in PBMC.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of taxol on vinblastine sulfate-induced crystallization of tubulin.

In human lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to vinblastine (VLB) and stained with fast green, large tubulin crystals were seen in the cytoplasm. In contrast cells exposed to taxol had prominent bundles of stabilized microtubules. Pre- or co-incubation of cells with taxol before exposure to VLB prevented formation of the crystals. However, VLB did not prevent formation of stabilized microtubules by taxol if added at the same time. Under a fluorescent microscope, VLB induced crystals stained with secondary antibodies against anti-alpha- and anti-beta- tubulin antibodies. Neither of the drugs altered binding of the antibodies to these crystals.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suramin inhibits the phosphorylation and catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase II in human lung cancer cells.

Suramin is a prototype of a new class of anticancer drugs. We investigated the action of suramin on the signal transduction pathways to DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II). Suramin showed a growth-inhibitory effect on a human lung cancer cell line (PC-9) with an IC50 of about 160 micrograms/ml. Suramin inhibited the catalytic activity of Topo II with an IC50 of about 100 micrograms/ml without stabilization of the cleavable complex of DNA and Topo II. Suramin decreased the phosphorylation of Topo II with an IC50 of 175 micrograms/ml, but did not change the degree of Topo II expression. These IC50 values for inhibition of catalytic activity and phosphorylation of Topo II were equivalent to the growth-inhibitory dose determined by tetrazolium dye assay. Phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues of Topo II was not changed by suramin. In the presence of okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatase, suramin also decreased the phosphorylation of Topo II, suggesting that the drug did not act on the serine/threonine protein phosphatases inhibited by okadaic acid. Suramin also inhibited the protein kinase C (PKC) activity of PC-9 cells. These results suggest that suramin decreases the phosphorylation of Topo II mediated by PKC. This effect of suramin might cause the inhibition of Topo II activity resulting in the growth inhibition of tumor cells.

Blotting, Western↗