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Biomedical subjects

T Ohnoshi

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohnoshi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Combination chemotherapy of diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--superiority of the adriamycin combination].

In patients with diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the results of combination chemotherapy containing adriamycin (ADM) were compared with those of combination chemotherapy without ADM. None of the patients had had any prior therapy and there was no difference in any other background factors for these two treatment groups. Of 32 patients treated without ADM, 19 (59%) achieved complete response (CR) and 12 (38%) achieved partial response (PR). Of 20 patients treated with ADM. 14 (70%) achieved CR and 6 (30%) achieved PR. For patients treated without ADM, median duration of CR was 9 months, projected 5-year relapse-free rate was 27%, median survival time was 1 year 6 months and projected 5-year survival rate was 27%. For patients treated with ADM, median duration of CR was not reached, projected 5-year relapse-free rate was 85%, median survival time was 2 years 2 months and projected 5-year survival rate was 49%. Combination of ADM was superior and therefore should be used for the initial treatment of this type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome aberrations and clinical features of adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma not associated with human T cell leukemia virus type I.

Chromosome aberrations and clinical features of three patients with adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) not associated with human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) are described. From their clinical features, two patients were diagnosed as acute type and one patient was diagnosed as chronic type, which later converted to acute crisis. Clonal and many chromosomal abnormalities were observed before therapy in the two acute type cases and at relapse in the chronic type case. Karyotype aberrations, including trisomy 3, trisomy 7, trisomy 21, del(6)(q21), del(10)(p13), 14q11 translocation, and loss of X chromosome, all of which are frequently found in HTLV-I associated ATL, were also seen in these cases of HTLV-I-negative ATL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Establishment of adriamycin-resistant human small-cell lung cancer cells in culture: analysis of the mechanism of resistance and cross-resistance].

An adriamycin-resistant cell line was established in culture by continuous exposure of SBC-3 cells, a cell line of human small-cell lung cancer, to increasing concentrations of adriamycin, followed by a cloning procedure. The resistant cells (SBC-3/ADM) were 30 times more resistant to the drug than the parent cells in terms of 70% lethal dose, determined by soft agar clonogenic assay. Uptake studies using [3H] daunomycin, which was completely cross-resistant to adriamycin, showed decreased influx and enhanced efflux of the agent. This resistance to adriamycin may be attributed to an alteration in membrane transport, resulting in reduced intracellular accumulation of the drug. Using the SBC-3/ADM cells, the activity of a variety of drugs was analyzed by soft agar clonogenic assay in order to search for a means of circumventing drug resistance. The SBC-3/ADM cells were markedly resistant to anthracycline antibiotics such as THP-adriamycin and 4'-epi-adriamycin. The cells were also resistant to structurally or pharmacodynamically unrelated compounds such as vincristine, mitomycin C, 40497S, an active compound of ifosfamide, and etoposide. However, the cells were as sensitive to mitoxantrone as the parent cells, and were considerably susceptible to cisplatin. These results suggest that mitoxantrone and cisplatin may exert a sufficient degree of activity for use against small-cell lung cancer resistant to adriamycin.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1987

Salvage chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cisplatin, and prednisolone.

We tested the combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cisplatin, and prednisolone as salvage treatment for patients with advanced aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Among 18 evaluable patients, four complete and seven partial responses were observed, for an overall response rate of 61%. The median duration of response was 36 weeks (range, 11-58). The median survival time from the beginning of the regimen was 52 weeks for responders and 24 weeks for nonresponders. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxic effect; however, it was generally well-tolerated. These results indicate that the combination regimen can play a role in the treatment of relapsed or resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Salvage chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a four-drug combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cisplatin and prednisolone (MEPP)].

Twenty-two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with a four-drug combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cisplatin and prednisolone (MEPP) after their disease had failed to respond to, or had relapsed after, induction chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisolone with/without bleomycin (CHOP/CHOP-bleo). Of 18 evaluable patients, four (22%) achieved complete remission and six (33%) responded partially. The median duration of response was 29 weeks (range, 9 to 54 weeks). The median survival time was 45 weeks for responders and 22 weeks for non-responders. Gastrointestinal toxicity was common, but well tolerated. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxicity: 11 patients (61%) experienced a febrile episode during periods of neutropenia and two patients, both of whom had massive bone marrow involvement of the disease, succumbed to infection. Despite the moderate to severe myelotoxicity, these results provide evidence that MEPP is an effective regimen for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resistant to CHOP or CHOP-bleo.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Alveolar lymphocyte proliferation induced by Propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis patients.

The proliferation of lymphocytes induced by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was measured by the in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The mean response rate of alveolar lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage was 2.23 +/- 0.89 in nine untreated sarcoidosis patients, 0.85 +/- 0.17 in five sarcoidosis patients given corticosteroids and 0.78 +/- 0.29 in 11 controls. The proliferation was significantly enhanced in the untreated patients compared to both the treated patients (p less than 0.01) and controls (p less than 0.001), but there was no significant difference in response rates between the treated patients and controls. The response rate of alveolar lymphocytes was significantly higher in four active patients (3.05 +/- 0.61) than in four inactive patients (1.77 +/- 0.44) (p less than 0.05) and in the controls (p less than 0.001). In sarcoidosis patients, the response rates showed a good correlation with activities of serum lysozyme (r = 0.695, p less than 0.01), and with percentages of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r = 0.591, p less than 0.05). There was a low correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme activities and the response rates (r = 0.508, p less than 0.1). Neither peripheral blood lymphocytes in sarcoidosis patients nor in controls showed any response to P. acnes, but alveolar lymphocytes of the untreated active sarcoidosis patients were sensitive to P. acnes. The lymphocytes activated by P. acnes may play a central role in the induction of alveolitis in sarcoidosis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anticancer drug sensitivity by human tumor clonogenic assay.

The anticancer drug sensitivity of human cancers was tested by the human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA). Of 152 human cancer specimens tested, 63 (41%) formed more than 30 tumor cell colonies in control plates and could be used to evaluate the drug sensitivity of tumor cells. In 42 (93%) of 45 clinical trials in 24 patients, a parallel correlation was observed between the in vitro anticancer drug sensitivity measured by the HTCA and the clinical response of tumors to anticancer drugs. These results suggest that the HTCA is a good technique for the in vitro test of the anticancer drug sensitivity of human cancers.

Agar↗
PubMed1986

[Therapeutic effect of ceftizoxime on infection in patients with lung cancer].

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given in daily doses of 4 approximately 6 g by intravenous drip infusion to 30 patients with infection accompanying lung cancer to investigate the usefulness of the drug for infectious disease: The rate of effectiveness (marked and moderate) was 73.3% (22/30 patients). Of the 30 patients, 2 had drug fever; 1, arthralgia; and 1, eosinophilia. These side effects improved after the drug was withdrawn. CZX is a very useful antibiotic with high effectiveness and safety in immunocompromised patients with infection accompanying advanced lung cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Randomized trial comparing chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy plus chest irradiation in limited stage small cell lung cancer: a preliminary report.

In order to assess the effectiveness of chest irradiation in addition to intensive chemotherapy in limited stage small cell lung cancer, 50 patients were randomized to receive either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus chest irradiation, between April 1981 and October 1985. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of a four-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and procarbazine, and a three-drug combination of etoposide, adriamycin, and nimustine, given alternately every 8 weeks. One group of 26 patients received the chemotherapy alone, and another group of 24 patients received chest irradiation with 40 Gy between cycles 1 and 2 of the chemotherapy. Complete response rates were quite similar in the two groups; 50% for those receiving chemotherapy alone, and 59% for those receiving chemotherapy plus chest irradiation. There were no significant differences in median survival (15 months versus 12 months) and in long-term survival rates between the two groups with a median follow-up period of 26 months. The combined modality treatment was more toxic than chemotherapy alone; two patients receiving such treatment died of radiation pneumonitis. It is concluded that chest irradiation combined with chemotherapy does not affect the response rate, survival, or pattern of recurrence in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

[Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia].

Mitoxantrone, a new anthracenedione, was administered to thirty-nine patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia and to 12 patients with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia between August 1981 and September 1984. Eleven patients were not evaluable and 40 were analysed. There were 24 males and 16 females with a median age of 37 yrs (range 6-73 yrs). Three of these were less than 15 yrs and 7 more than 60 yrs. The initial dose employed was 1.9 mg/m2/day X 5. Although eventually a starting dose of 12.3 mg/m2/day X 5 was used, about one half of cases were given more than 5 mg/m2/day X 5 by i.v. bolus. Among 25 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, there were 4 complete and 6 partial remissions. Among 7 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia there was one complete remission and one partial remission. All patients except one who attained remissions had received prior anthracyclines. One of 8 patients with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia had a partial remission. The durations of complete remission were 1, 1, 5+, 13+ and 17 weeks, respectively. Side-effects showed expected bone marrow depression. Mucositis occurred in ten patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in approximately 50%, but were mostly mild. Mild alopecia occurred occasionally. The trials were too short to allow evaluation of possible cardiac toxicity. These data indicate that mitoxantrone is non-toxic but hematological and a promising single drug for use in treating relapsed and refractory acute leukemia and suggest that further study would be worthwhile in order to identify its role in the first-line therapy of acute leukemia.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1986

[A comparative study of mitoxantrone and adriamycin in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a preliminary result].

In order to compare the efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone and adriamycin in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a randomized trial has been conducted by a cooperative study group since June 1984. Previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of intermediate-grade-malignancy were allocated to either MCOP (a combination of mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) or CHOP (a combination of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) regimens. Forty-four patients were entered and 43 of these were fully evaluated for tumor response and toxicity. The complete remission rate was 80% for 20 patients receiving MCOP compared to 61% for 23 patients treated with CHOP. Response duration and overall survival were similar for the two treatments. Toxicity was almost comparable for the two treatments. Only alopecia was significantly less frequent in patients given MCOP than in those receiving CHOP. Mitoxantrone thus appears to be as effective as adriamycin in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Mitoxantrone-containing combination chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Thirty-one patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were entered in a trial of a four-drug combination of mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (MCOP). This trial was intended to test the efficacy of substituting mitoxantrone for adriamycin in the CHOP combination, and to evaluate tumor response in patients who had received anthracycline antibiotic therapy. Of 31 patients, 25 were fully evaluated for tumor response and toxicity. There were 7 responses (4 complete, 3 partial) among 9 patients who had received radiation alone or chemotherapy not containing anthracycline antibiotics, whereas there were 7 responses (3 complete, 4 partial) in 16 patients who had been given anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Median duration of response was 11+ weeks (range; 5 to 43+ weeks). The major toxicity was myelosuppression, although patients tolerated this well. This study suggested that mitoxantrone is not fully cross-resistant with anthracycline antibiotics and that MCOP is an effective regimen in patients with previously treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, when salvage chemotherapy for CHOP-failure is intended, cyclophosphamide and vincristine in MCOP should be further substituted by other agents such as etoposide and cis-platinum.

Adult↗