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Biomedical subjects

T Ojala

Publications and source records attributed to T Ojala.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Transport properties of a cation exchange membrane with sodium and potassium as counterions.

The measured transport properties for the cation exchange membrane Ionics 61AZL389 in the Na+ + K+ mixed counterion states are presented. The transport numbers of counterions and of water as well as the specific conductivity of the membrane showed approximately linear behaviour as a function of ionic fraction in the membrane. It is therefore concluded that it is possible to estimate the transport numbers of counterions from known selectivity coefficients and concentrations in the external solution. The transport number of water and the specific conductivity of the membrane can also be evaluated reasonably accurately using data for membranes in pure homoionic states. The separation ratio was found to be constant over a wide range of concentration ratios under the hydrodynamic conditions used experimentally.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Apparatus for simulating extraction forces.

The extraction forces can be stimulated using a mean value indicator, extraction forceps and a phantom skull. The rocking and twisting moments occurring during "extraction" can be measured with strain gauges. Before beginning practical work on patients, dental students carried out simulated extractions of various teeth. The moments were significantly lower than forces needed for real extractions. When using the simulator, the students must be supervised by a teacher able to demonstrate the correct grips of forceps handles and the correct style in extraction.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1981

The visual analog scale in multiple-dose evaluations of analgesics.

A double-blind, randomized trial was carried out in patients suffering from pain after removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. The analgesic effects of a codeine preparation (Staralgin), a dextropropoxyphene preparation (Doleron novum), and paracetamol were compared in a multiple-dose study of 94 patients. The assessments of pain were made hourly on a visual analog scale, and the evaluation was carried out according to a method which takes into account both duration of effect and number of tablets taken. The most pronounced pain reduction and the highest proportion of pain-free patients were reached with the dextropropoxyphene preparation. The reported side effects were few and equally distributed among the treatment groups. The method of evaluation is discussed, and it was noted that the pain score at tablet intake might be of significant importance in comparison of analgesics.

Acetaminophen↗