Biomedical subjects

T Onitsuka

Publications and source records attributed to T Onitsuka.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats.

BACKGROUND: In rats, the intestinal parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is recognized as a strong inducer of intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia. Although this parasite migrates through the airways during the course of its infection, airway goblet cell response remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine airway goblet cell response during the course of N. brasiliensis infection in rats and to characterize these goblet cells. METHODS: Airway goblet cells were stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff. To characterize the goblet cells, mebendazole treatment, lectin histochemistry, and RNA blot analysis using probes for rat MUC2 and trefoil peptides were examined. RESULTS: Airway and small intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia were observed at days 14 and 21 after infection but not at day 7. In rats treated with mebendazole, goblet cell hyperplasia was not present in the small intestine, but was observed in the lung on day 14. These results indicate that airway goblet cell hyperplasia may be induced by local pulmonary factors. By lectin histochemistry, the stainability of airway goblet cells at day 21 was similar to that of small intestine goblet cells even though rat MUC2 and trefoil peptide mRNA were not detected in the lung. CONCLUSIONS: Airway goblet cell hyperplasia observed at days 14 and 21 after N. brasiliensis infection may be induced by local factors. Airway goblet cells have characteristics that differ from those of the small intestine.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Atypical aortic coarctation with resistant hypertension treated with axilloiliac artery bypass.

A 68-year-old woman was found to have atypical coarctation of the aorta, accompanied by systolic hypertension of the upper extremities despite administration of five types of antihypertensive drugs. Since the systolic hypertension was resistant to the conventional antihypertensive therapy, axilloiliac artery bypass grafting with a subcutaneous tunnel was performed to alleviate the pressure gradient. Systolic blood pressure was successfully reduced and hypertension was controlled after surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Induction of experimental periodontitis in mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis-adhered ligatures.

BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the colonization of periodontopathic bacteria and alveolar bone loss in a mouse system, because of the difficulty in establishing bacteria in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to establish experimental periodontitis in mice by applying a Porphyromonas gingivalis-adhered ligature onto the molars. METHODS: Specific pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice were divided into 3 groups: 80 infected, 80 sham-infected, and 48 non-treated control mice. Sterile silk ligatures were preincubated with and without P. gingivalis 381 in vitro and then physically tied on the right maxillary first molar of infected and sham-infected mice, respectively. Ten mice from the infected and sham-infected groups and 6 from the control group were sacrificed at 2-week intervals for up to 15 weeks after infection. RESULTS: Plaque samples were collected at the time of sacrifice and alveolar bone loss was examined. The results indicated that P. gingivalis was recovered from the plaque samples in 95% of the infected mice after 1 week and then gradually dropped to 58% after 15 weeks of infection, whereas P. gingivalis was not isolated in either sham-infected or control mice throughout the experimental period. The infected mice showed significant P. gingivalis-induced bone loss at the sites where the ligature was tied weeks 13 to 15. A linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of P. gingivalis recovered and alveolar bone loss at 15 weeks after infection (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a P. gingivalis-adhered ligature supported a long-lasting infection of P. gingivalis in mice, resulting in P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone breakdown.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed2000

[A case of heart operation in infective endocarditis after brain surgery for mycotic cerebral aneurysm].

Complications of infective aneurysm are not rare in patients with infective endocarditis. An optimal timing of heart operation after brain surgery for hemorrhage is controversial. We reported a 19-year-old woman with ventricular septal defect (type II), mitral regurgitation and ruptured cerebral aneurysm with infective endocarditis. Cerebral aneurysm had been ruptured during infective endocarditis treatment. Resection of the aneurysm was performed next day. Vessel spasm occurred, resulting in cerebral infarction 7 days after the operation. Conservative therapy was continued for infective endocarditis until heart failure appeared. Heart operation was successfully performed 41 days after brain surgery without cerebral complication. This report indicates that heart operation might be avoided at the early postoperative stage of brain surgery for cerebral aneurysm with hemorrhage.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Diagnosis and treatment for metastatic pulmonary tumor].

Metastatic tumors from variable organs are seen in pulmonary tissue because of its unique anatomical situation. In this article, current diagnosis and treatment for metastatic lung tumor are reviewed and discussed including recent topics. Control of metastatic lung tumor by chemotherapy and hormonal treatment has been improved. Furthermore, active applying of Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery induces a change of surgical indication for metastatic lung tumor. Metastatic tumors express oncogene and tumor suppressor gene as well as primary lung cancer. However, the relationship between oncogene/tumor suppressor gene and lung metastatic phenomenon is still unclear. Molecular biological study may indicate new treatment strategy against metastatic pulmonary tumor. Prospective controlled studies for each type of primary tumor are needed to evaluate the true efficacy of pulmonary metastectomy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2000

[Recurrent pulmonary embolism from left subclavian thrombosis: a case report].

A 38-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of pulmonary thromboembolism. Thrombolysis therapy resulted in initial improvement in symptoms and laboratory data. However, 4 months later, pulmonary thromboembolism recurred despite antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. Contrast venography and venous ultrasonography of both upper and lower extremities revealed subtotal occlusion and venous thrombosis of the left subclavian vein with collateral vessels, but no evidence of lower extremity venous thrombosis. She had no history of subclavian venous catheterization, neoplasm, hypercoagulability or other predisposing cause of thrombus formation. Operative ligation of the left subclavian vein was performed at the junction with the internal jugular vein. White thrombus was identified within the venous lumen. She was well without recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism or venous insufficiency for 10 months after the operation. Surgical interruption of the subclavian vein may be effective to prevent recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism due to venous thrombosis of the upper extremity despite therapeutic anticoagulation.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Pulmonary paragonimiasis referred to the department of surgery.

We encountered seven cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis. All patients were adult males and 6 of 7 cases were over 50-year-old. Except for one case of chronic pleural empyema, 6 patients were referred to the department of surgery because of having a mass lesion on chest roentgenography which was indistinguishable from malignancy. Although 3 patients had mild hemoptysis, none of them showed classical rusty sputum. Only one patient had high level of eosinophilia, whereas others showed normal or marginal level of eosinophilia. Paragonimus eggs were detected in transbronchial lung biopsy specimens from 4 patients. All patients' sera were positive for Paragonimus-specific IgG antibody by immunodiagnosis. Surgical option was undergone only for one patient with chronic pleural empyema which was not cured by repeated chemotherapy. In the present series, we could avoid surgical options due to an erroneous diagnosis. When a pulmonary mass lesion or empyema is detected in patients who live in paragonimiasis endemic areas, paragonimiasis should always be included in the different diagnosis of lung diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Reduction of post-ischemic lung reperfusion injury by fibrinolytic activity suppression.

BACKGROUND: Although extensive studies on the detailed mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury have been conducted, the implication of the fibrinolytic system has not been known. To determine the role of the fibrinolytic system in ischemia-reperfusion injury, we used tranexamic acid, a synthetic specific plasmin and tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor, to suppress fibrinolytic activity in a rabbit lung ischemia-reperfusion model. METHODS: New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: a simple ischemia group and a group injected with tranexamic acid before left hilar occlusion. After 2 hours of warm ischemia, plasma was collected from pulmonary vessels. Fibrin zymography was used to ascertain fibrinolytic activity, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine soluble thrombomodulin levels as a marker for endothelial cells damage. Changes in left pulmonary function including arterial oxygen tension, peak airway pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance were recorded during reperfusion after the 2 hours of warm ischemia. RESULTS: Fibrinolytic activity and soluble thrombomodulin levels increased in the vessels of the ischemic lung, indicating endothelial cell injury. The increased fibrinolytic activity and the rise in soluble thrombomodulin were suppressed by the preadministration of tranexamic acid, resulting in remarkably improved pulmonary function during reperfusion. After 2 hours of reperfusion, the wet-to-dry weight ratios and histological studies showed reduced pulmonary edema in the group that had received tranexamic acid. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the fibrinolytic system is involved in the onset mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury through induced endothelial cell damage and increased vascular permeability.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Beneficial effect of prostaglandin E1 on blood flow to the gastric tube after esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: A prospective study on the vasodilatory effect of prostaglandin E1 on blood flow to the gastric tube after esophagectomy is reported. METHODS: Twelve patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. In all patients, the esophagogastrostomy was performed in the cervical region, and the stomach was used for reconstruction. Immediately after the creation of the gastric tube, baseline blood flow was measured at the oral end, in the center, and at the pyloric ring of the gastric tube using a laser Doppler flowmeter. The prostaglandin E1 group (n = 6) was then infused with prostaglandin E1 until postoperative day 2; the control group (n = 6) received saline. At +5 minutes and +40 minutes after administration, blood flow was again measured at the same three sites. RESULTS: The control group did not show a significant increase of blood flow to any site over time. For the prostaglandin E1 group, blood flow at +40 minutes increased from the baseline measurements significantly at a rate of 63%, 39%, and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prostaglandin E1 has a characteristic vasodilating effect on the area of impaired microcirculation of the gastric tube, thereby increasing blood flow to the affected area.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical analysis of nm23-H1 gene product in node-positive lung cancer and lymph nodes.

The nm23-H1 gene product has been considered as an anti-metastatic protein and the level of its expression has been reported to correlate inversely with metastatic potential in some cancers. However, the expression of nm23-H1 gene product in the metastatic sites have not been studied in detail. We examined the expression of nm23-H1 gene product in surgically resected 46 pairs of primary lung cancers and metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. The positive staining of nm23-H1 gene product in primary cancers and metastatic lymph nodes were observed in 56.5 and 67.4%, respectively. The heterogeneity of nm23-H1 gene product expression between primary cancers and metastatic lymph nodes was observed in 41.3%. No correlations were found between the nm23-H1 gene product expression in lung cancers and the patients survival. No significant association was also observed between nm23-H1 gene product expression in lymph nodes and the patients survival. There was, furthermore, no correlation between the heterogeneity of nm23-H1 gene product expression and the patients survival. In conclusion, the level of nm23-H1 gene product expression does not significantly reveal prognostic value in node-positive lung cancers. Expression of nm23-H1 gene product in metastatic lymph nodes was also unrelated to patients survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Correlation between mast cells and survival rates in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study on the correlation between mast cells and survival rates of 90 pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients is reported. METHODS: Surgical specimens were stained with alcian blue and safranin O, and parenchymal mast cells were counted. Based on the counts, the patients were divided into two groups: Group A had mast cell counts of > 20/microscopic field; Group B, < 20. TNM staging and histological findings were recorded for both groups. Phenotypes of mast cells were determined using enzymehistochemistry. Total count numbers, the histological differentiation of adenocarcinomas, and phenotypes were evaluated with regard to patient survival rates. RESULTS: Group A had a 5-year survival rate of 45.85%, as compared with Group B's rate of 16.32% (P < 0.01). Group A also represented a higher percentage of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. In both cancerous tissue and normal lung tissue, the predominant mast cell phenotype was MC(T). CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a direct relationship between the number of mast cells and clinical outcome in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, even though the mast cells exhibited no significant phenotypic changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Comparison of innervated and noninnervated free flaps in oral reconstruction.

Thirteen patients who had undergone ablative surgery for advanced squamous cell carcinoma in which more than half of the tongue had been resected underwent reconstruction in which the cutaneous nerve of a free flap was anastomosed to the stump of the transected lingual nerve. Eight of the patients underwent reconstruction with an innervated anterolateral thigh flap and five patients underwent reconstruction with an innervated rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Sensory recovery of the flap at least 6 months postoperatively was compared in these 13 patients and in 16 additional patients who received noninnervated versions of the same flaps for the same defect. The degree of sensory recovery of innervated thigh flaps was significantly greater than that of noninnervated ones in all modalities and that of innervated rectus abdominis flaps was also greater than that of noninnervated flaps, except for hot and cold perception. These results indicate that sensory regrowth occurs in most areas through the surgically created pathways. However, results of Semmes-Weinstein testing showed that recovery did not reach the level of protective sensation in either type of innervated flap. Although these findings must be followed by additional objective and functional tests and the need for sensory reeducation should be considered, this simple operative procedure can improve postoperative intraoral function and should be attempted whenever possible after ablative surgery.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1999

Expression of mast cell proteases in rat lung during helminth infection: mast cells express both rat mast cell protease II and tryptase in helminth infected lung.

BACKGROUND: The phenotype of proliferated mast cells in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rat lung has been identified as mucosal mast cells (MMC) but not connective tissue mast cells (CTMC). However, a previous study of ours showed that the expression of rat mast cell tryptase (RMCT) mRNA, which has been reported to be confined to CTMC, significantly increased in rat lung 14 days after infection. METHODS: The expression of four mast cell proteases in rat lung during the course of infection with N. brasiliensis was examined by RNA blot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of RMCT and rat mast cell protease (RMCP) II, which has been reported to be confined to MMC was also performed. RESULTS: The number of lung mast cells did not change until 7 days after infection, then gradually increased until 21 days after infection. The expression of the RMCP II gene had increased 14 and 21 days after infection. In addition, the expression of the RMCP I and RMCT genes had also increased at the same time points, but RMCP III had not. By immunohistochemistry, most of the mast cells in infected lung were identified as RMCP II+/RMCT- (MMC), but both RMCP II+ and RMCT+ mast cells were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that mast cell phenotype alteration or a distinct mast cell subset might be present in N. brasiliensis-infected rat lung, and therefore N. brasiliensis-infected rat lung may be a useful tool for studying the differentiation mechanism of mast cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Cholesterol embolism in a patient with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A 66-year-old man whose renal function had progressively deteriorated had an elevated blood pressure and also was found to have an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Blood examination revealed that he had eosinophilia. Livedo reticularis of the toes developed, and a skin biopsy specimen showed embolization of atheromatous plaques in the arterioles of the subcutaneous tissue. Progressive enlargement of inflammatory AAA may have dislodged the atheromatous plaques, resulting in cholesterol embolism.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Usefulness of the pedicled omental graft in thoracic surgery.

A retrospective evaluation on the usefulness of the pedicled omental graft (POG) in treating problems associated with thoracic surgery is reported. The omentum has been long used to manage numerous intra-abdominal problems because of its excellent blood supply that could limit the spread of infection. The POG finds even greater application in extraperitoneal use because it is able to extend to all areas of the thorax. In this study, we reviewed 25 patients with omentopexy cases in our thoracic surgery unit over the last 19 years. Indications and usage of the POG were divided into two categories. As a preventive measure, the POGs were used to wrap tracheal and bronchial anastomoses. As a corrective treatment, the POGs were used to wrap perforated esophageal lesions and bronchial stumps and cover postoperative bronchial and pulmonary fistulas, repair chest walls, fill empyema cavities, and control osteomyelitis in the sternum and ribs. Uneventful and successful treatments were obtained in 22 cases (88%). Two patients died due to multiple organ failure followed by sepsis, and another due to respiratory failure. The POG was considered to be effective and useful in treating both potential and existing conditions often encountered in thoracic surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

A novel interventional therapy using the combination of bilateral bronchial stent dilatation and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support for critical airway obstruction due to metastatic carcinomatous carina.

For an inoperative critical airway obstruction (bilateral bronchial stenoses) from a carcinomatous carina due to the mediastinal lymphnodal metastasis from uterine cancer, we succeeded in improving the patient's severe dyspnea by the combination of bilateral bronchial stent dilatation and a percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) system. The imminent airway stenosis with severe dyspnea may have a high risk of asphyxia and contact-flooding during implanting of the stent. By the novel use of PCPS in advance for blood-oxygenation as a respiratory support, we could safely perform the interventional therapy of bronchial expandable metallic stents, and the patient obtained a good quality of life without dyspnea until she died of systemic metastatic cachexia. This technique may possibly be approved as an option for temporary remission therapy of a critical airway obstruction.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1999

Rare cases of congenital bicuspid aortic valve with an abnormal fibrous band.

Pure aortic regurgitation is usually caused by a congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). In this condition, there are a few cases accompanied by an abnormal fibrous band stretched from the center of the conjoined cusp to the aortic wall. This report describes two cases of congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with an abnormal fibrous band. The first case of BAV with an abnormal fibrous band developed aortic regurgitation and the second case exhibited aortic stenosis. These two abnormal fibrous bands were confirmed to be congenital by the microscopic findings. According to the literature, the majority of BAV with an abnormal fibrous band were found in the patients with aortic regurgitation. We report here a case study of an elderly female patient with aortic stenosis of BAV with an abnormal fibrous band. To our knowledge, no other case of BAV with an abnormal fibrous band in association with aortic stenosis has ever been reported.

Aortic Valve↗

PubMed1999

Mediastinitis due to Gordona sputi after CABG.

Genus Gordona is included in mycolic acid containing bacteria. This genus infection is very rare and occurs classically in immuno-compromised patients. We report a patient who developed mediastinitis due to Gordona sputi after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using left internal mammary artery. Immunocompromised factors were not noticed in this case but postoperative bleeding, the most important risk factor of mediastinitis, was found in his course. The treatment was antibiotic therapy, surgical soft tissue debridement and open irrigation with dilute povidone-iodine solution. However, infectious reaction continued and Gordona sputi repeated cultured from wound. Next procedure, debridement of sternal bone and omental transfer, was performed and skin was closed primarily. Inflammatory reaction was attenuated and the wound was healed Broad debridement and omental transfer were very effective for mediastinitis due to Gordona sputi after CABG.

Actinomycetales Infections↗