Biomedical subjects

T Ore

Publications and source records attributed to T Ore.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Women in the U.S. construction industry: an analysis of fatal occupational injury experience, 1980 to 1992.

Analysis of 139 deaths to U.S. female construction workers identified from a death certificate-based surveillance system during 1980-1992 showed that female workers in transportation and material moving had 59 and 85% higher mortality rates than male construction workers in the same occupation from motor vehicles (the leading cause of occupational injury death for women, 43.2%) and machinery (the second leading cause of occupational injury death for women, 15.8%), respectively. Female handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers had 73% higher mortality rates than their male counterparts from motor vehicles. Two-thirds of women in construction killed by motor vehicles were pedestrians, compared with an average of 19.2% of women in all industries. Half the female pedestrian decedents in construction were flaggers, compared with 3.4% of construction men killed by motor vehicles. Construction women had higher cause-specific years of potential life lost (to age 65 years) than construction men from motor vehicles (33 vs. 24.8), machinery (29 vs. 24.8), homicide (26.1 vs. 24.6), and falls (31.9 vs, 24.7). Over half (53.2%) the female fatalities occurred before age 35 years, compared with 46% for males. The average fatality rate of 1.80 per 100,000 workers for female construction workers was higher than the rate for women in any other industry. The average rate per 100,000 workers for all industries was 0.77. Further studies are required to explore factors contributing to differences in leading causes of death between female and male construction workers. Development and evaluation of prevention measures, such as effective traffic control in highway construction work zones, fall protection training, and machinery-operation training, could reduce the risks for fatal occupational injuries for construction workers, regardless of gender.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1997

Motor vehicle fatalities in the United States construction industry.

A death certificate-based surveillance system was used to identify 2144 work-related motor vehicle fatalities among civilian workers in the United States construction industry over the years 1980-92. Construction workers were twice as likely to be killed by a motor vehicle as the average worker, with an annual crude mortality rate of 2.3/100,000 workers. Injury prevention efforts in construction have had limited effect on motor vehicle-related deaths, with death rates falling by only 11% during the 13-year period, compared with 43% for falls, 54% for electrocutions and 48% for machinery. In all industries combined, motor vehicle fatality rates dropped by 47%. The largest proportion of motor vehicle deaths (40%) occurred among pedestrians, with construction accounting for more than one-fourth of all pedestrian deaths. A minimum of 54 (6%) of these pedestrian fatalities were flaggers or surveyors. Flaggers accounted for half the 34 pedestrian fatalities among women, compared with only 3% among men. Along with previous studies and recent trends in the amount and type of road construction, these results underscore the need for better traffic control management in construction work areas to reduce pedestrian fatalities. As the second leading cause of traumatic death in construction, with an annual average share of 15% of the total deaths, exceeded only by falls, prevention of work-related motor vehicle research should become a greater priority in the construction industry.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1997

Risk differences in fatal occupational injuries among construction laborers in the United States, 1980-1992.

Over 3700 occupational fatalities among all US construction laborers 16 years of age and older during 1980-1992 were analyzed from death certificates to identify differences in mortality rates, higher risk groups, and leading causes of death to be targeted for prevention and monitored over time. Female laborers had an average fatality rate (17.4 deaths/100,000 workers) similar to that for all male construction workers (17.3 deaths/100,000 workers), and ten times higher than for all female construction workers. On average, nonwhite laborers had 27% greater mortality than white laborers. Women were at a higher risk (10.8 deaths/100,000 workers) for motor vehicle injury than were men (6.1 deaths/100,000 workers). The smallest percentage annual decline in cause-specific mortality rates was from motor vehicle for construction laborers (0.1%) and all construction workers (1.4%). Environmental-related fatality rates for laborers rose an average of 0.8% annually. The average years of potential life lost (to age 65) ranged from 27.4 years from explosion to 34.3 years from electrocution. Prevention measures aimed at addressing the highest risk areas, along with research needs, are discussed. With over a quarter of construction fatalities occurring among laborers, occupational injury research on laborers should become a priority.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Traumatic occupational fatalities in the U.S. and Australian construction industries.

The occupational injury experience of the U.S. and Australian construction industries for 1988-1991 was compared to identify similarities and differences in risk and to share information vital for planning strategies for prevention. There were 4,158 deaths in the U.S. and 264 in the Australian construction industries. Workers in both countries, particularly laborers, were at high risk, with mean annual rates of 13.8/100,000 and 11.6, respectively, more than double the national averages. Falls, motor vehicles, electrocutions, and machinery were the leading causes of death in both countries, and accounted for 69% of the fatalities in the U.S. and 71% in Australia. International collaborations focusing injury and fatality prevention efforts on the common leading causes and high risk groups, and sharing successful prevention experiences between countries could save the lives of many construction workers world wide.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1996

Electrical fatalities among U.S. construction workers.

Over 2000 electrocution deaths were identified among U.S. construction workers from 1980 to 1991, with the highest mean annual crude mortality rate (2.5 per 100,000 people), and second highest mean age-adjusted rate (2.7 per 100,000 people) of all industries. Although the crude fatality rates showed a downward trend, construction workers are still about four times more likely to be electrocuted at work than are workers in all industries combined. Nearly 40% of the 5083 fatal electrocutions in all industries combined occurred in construction, and 80% were associated with industrial wiring, appliances, and transmission lines. Electrocutions ranked as the second leading cause of death among construction workers, accounting for an average of 15% of traumatic deaths in the industry from 1980 to 1991. The study indicates that the workers most at risk of electrical injury are male, young, nonwhite, and electricians, structural metal workers, and laborers. The most likely time of injury is 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. from June to August. Focusing prevention on these populations and characteristics through better methods of worker and supervisor electrical safety training, use of adequate protective clothing, and compliance with established procedures could minimize the average annual loss of 168 U.S. construction workers.

Accidents, Occupational↗