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Biomedical subjects

T Osterberg

Publications and source records attributed to T Osterberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Oral glucose clearance in nonagenarians in relation to functional capacity, medication and oral variables.

OBJECTIVES: To study oral sugar (glucose) clearance and to examine some factors which were believed to either influence or be dependent upon oral glucose clearance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, clinical study with analysis of records. SETTING: Göteborg gerontological and geriatric population studies, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 71 community-dwelling individuals, 27 men and 44 women, of a representative sample of 260 92-year-old persons. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glucose concentration was measured in saliva after chewing of a glucose tablet and the clearance was assessed by three different variables: (i) the initial salivary glucose concentration, (ii) the area under the curve (AUC) and (iii) the clearance time. RESULTS: The glucose clearance showed a wide inter-individual variation, which could be explained partly by differences in oral state, chewing time, stimulated salivary secretion rate and medication use. A positive correlation was found between the clearance variables and the number of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci in saliva and the percentage of untreated root caries lesions of the total number of exposed root surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: A slow oral sugar clearance is more common among 92-year-olds than younger adults earlier reported in other studies, particularly in those who have uncompensated functional impairments and a high medication history. A decreased oral glucose clearance was associated with high counts of salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci and a high proportion of untreated root caries lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Dental caries and related factors in 88- and 92-year-olds. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.

Our aim was to compare two groups of 88- and 92-year-olds (n = 92 and n = 40), respectively, with regard to teeth, caries, and salivary and microbial conditions. Oral variables were analyzed in relation to functional capacity and use of cardiovascular agents and psychoactive drugs. Untreated root caries, plaque score, and counts of lactobacilli increased between the ages of 88 and 92 years (P < 0.01). Nine of the 24 longitudinally followed up subjects had lost 1-5 teeth over 4 years, and 17 subjects had developed new caries (DFS). The mean caries increment over 4 years was 1.3 coronal and 3.6 root surfaces, and new DFS per 100 surfaces at risk was 4.3 coronal and 17.5 root surfaces. Plaque score and final pH of buffer capacity increased (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively), whereas saliva flow, independent of gender, was unchanged. Use of cardiovascular agents and psychoactive drugs was associated with a deteriorated dental status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Associations between self-assessed masticatory ability and some general health factors in a Swedish population.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were 1) to describe changes in self-assessed masticatory ability over a 14 year period (1975-89); and 2) to describe associations between self-assessed masticatory ability and age, dental state and some other background factors in a sample of the Swedish population in 1988/89. DESIGN: The Swedish National Central Bureau of Statistics investigates annually the living conditions of the Swedish population by means of interviews by trained persons. The data were analysed by means of stepwise logistic regression and calculation of adjusted relative risks. SUBJECTS: In the investigation in 1988/89, 12,901 people above 16 years of age participated and the response rate was 80%. RESULTS: In comparison between the investigations, the prevalence of reported impairment was lower in 1988/89 than in 1975 and 1980/81. Prevalence of reported impairment of chewing ability increased with ageing from 2% in young adults (16-34 years old) to 44% in older elderly (> 85 years old). In most age groups, edentulous people reported the highest prevalence, and dentate people the lowest. Relative risks for impaired masticatory ability, independent of age, gender and dental state, were higher for people in rural areas, with low income and living single, as well as for those with skeletal, gastrointestinal, psychiatric and tumour diseases. In the elderly, results from the logistic regression showed that some disability and psychosocial factors were also associated with masticatory ability. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that there was a group of elderly people who reported several functional and health problems including impaired masticatory ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Caries prevalence and salivary and microbial conditions in 88-year-old Swedish dentate people.

As part of a comprehensive investigation of 88-year-old people, caries prevalence, stimulated salivary secretion rate, buffer capacity, and the prevalence of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci were studied in a subsample of 92 dentate subjects. The mean number of remaining teeth was 14.1 +/- 7.3. The DMFT was 25.2 +/- 3.0, and DF surfaces 38.3 +/- 22.7. Root caries experience was found in 85% of the subjects, with a mean root caries index of 36.6 +/- 28.5%. The men had significantly higher mean values of salivary secretion rate (2.0 +/- 1.3 ml/min) than the women (1.1 +/- 0.6 ml/min) (p < 0.001). The mean final pH of buffer capacity was 6.3 +/- 1.3. High counts of lactobacilli (> 10(5)) and mutans streptococci (> 10(6)) were found in 49% and 55% of the subjects, respectively, of whom most were denture wearers. The mean number of total mutans streptococci was higher in persons harboring both Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus than in subjects with only S. mutans.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Association between radiographic findings in the mandibular condyle and temporomandibular dysfunction in an elderly population.

Our aims were to study the prevalence of abnormal radiographic findings in mandibular condyles and the possible association between such findings and clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and dental state. Two cohorts of 70-year-old people, 384 men and 484 women, living in Göteborg, Sweden, participated in the study. The first cohort was examined in 1972 and the other one in 1992. Besides a functional and clinical examination, a questionnaire on TMD and panoramic radiography were included. A deviation from the normal appearance of one or both condyles was found in 26% of the subjects (17% of the condyles). There was no significant difference in this respect between the two cohorts. There were in general only minor and no statistically significant differences between those with normal and deviating condylar findings with regard to various TMD signs and symptoms. The subjects in Eichner group A (with dental support in all zones) showed a slightly lower frequency of abnormal radiographic condylar findings (22%) than those in groups B (reduced dental support) and C (edentulous in one or both jaws; both B and C, 28%). It is concluded that abnormal radiographic condylar findings in these elderly people were not at all or only weakly correlated with signs and symptoms of TMD and dental status.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Dental state and functional capacity in 75-year-olds in three Nordic localities.

The aims of the study were to compare dental state in three Nordic 75-year-old populations and to evaluate dental state as a marker of functional ageing. The study is part of a Nordic comparative study of 75-year-olds in Glostrup, Göteborg and Jyväskylä. In the dental studies, 411 subjects in Denmark, 308 in Sweden and 310 in Finland participated. Odontological history was obtained from interviews. Other methods, which are described elsewhere, were used to measure various functional parameters. In Göteborg, 23% of the 75-year-olds reported they were edentulous and 27% that they had more than 20 of their own teeth. The corresponding figures in Glostrup were 45% and 15% and in Jyväskylä 58% and 9%, respectively. In all three localities, economic factors and lifestyle factors, such as tobacco smoking, low physical activity and low social activity, were significant predictors for impaired dental health. The number of teeth was significantly associated with, for example, spirometry parameters, reaction time, body extention and body flexion in males. In females, significant associations were obtained with spirometry parameters, reaction time, handgrip, body extension and body flexion. Internordic differences regarding dental state were obvious. Dental state was associated with functional capacities. We suggest that dental state is a marker of functional capacity in elderly populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Prognosis of and factors associated with dental status in the adult Swedish population, 1975-1989.

The aim was to describe changes in dental status in the Swedish population during the period 1975-89 and to make a prognosis based on these data for the year 2000. This study is based on investigations of the living conditions in 1975, 1977, 1980/81 and 1988/89 performed by The National Central Bureau of Statistics. The samples varied for each year from 11,500 to 15,000 participants and a response rate from 80 to 86%. The odontological questions of the interview were focused on dental status, utilization of dental services and chewing ability. The prevalence of edentulism in age group 16-74 yr decreased from 15% in 1975 to 6% in 1988/89. In 1988/89 19% of the 65-74-yr-old inhabitants of the big cities were edentulous and 45% in rural populations, indicating a 15-20-yr delay of the development in rural areas. The prognosis for the year 2000 indicates a further decrease of edentulism to 3-4% in age groups 45-64 yr and in age 75-84 yr more than 60% will be dentate. As a consequence of the reduction in edentulism and changes in populations the number of dentate inhabitants in age group 25-74 yr increased by about 800,000 from 1975 to 1989 and a further increase of 400,000 will occur up to the year 2000. The consequences of these changes for the dental care services are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Oral complaints and utilization of dental services in relation to general health factors in a 88-year-old Swedish population.

The aim of this study was to describe dental state, oral health problems, self-assessed ability to perform oral hygiene and utilization of oral health services in a sample of 88-year-old people (n = 374) and to relate these variables to functional ability, subjective health and drug consumption. The intention was also to identify barriers to utilization of dental care in non-institutionalized elderly people. The results of interviews showed that 46% of the subjects were dentate. Oral complaints were reported by 24% of the home living individuals. Poor health, medication and feelings of loneliness were factors associated with oral discomfort. Difficulties in performing oral hygiene activities were reported by 10% of the subjects and were correlated with functional impairments and feelings of loneliness. Utilization of dental services was correlated with dental state; 72% of the dentate and 8% of the edentulous subjects made regular dental visits. The main reason for not visiting a dentist was "no perceived need". Independent of dental state, some factors were significantly correlated to low demand for dental services; these included feelings of loneliness, functional impairments and low school education.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae species, and Candida species and their relation to oral mucosal lesions in a group of 79-year-olds in Göteborg.

A subject sample comprising 100 persons (47 men and 53 women) 79 years of age and selected on a statistical basis (representing all persons of that age living in Göteborg) was the object of a general medical, clinical, and microbiologic study of the prevalence of microorganisms in the oral cavity known to cause opportunistic infections. A high prevalence of diseases and frequent medications were recorded among the participants. Staphylococcus aureus was present in five patients and Enterobacteriaceae species in only one individual. Candida albicans was not found in any samples from the palatal mucosa of the 25 individuals without dentures. Of 36 healthy denture wearers C. albicans was found in 9 (25%). In 39 persons with denture stomatitis C. albicans was obtained in 11 (28%) of the samples from the mucosa, 29 (74%) from the dentures, and 10 (26%) from the angulus oris. The prevalence of S. aureus, enteric rods, and C. albicans was low in the elderly population and, when present, correlated with the presence of dentures. No association with the patients' general health or drug use was obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Utilization of dental care after the introduction of the Swedish dental health insurance.

The dental care utilization rate in an urban Swedish population over an 11-year period was studied, starting at the time of the introduction of a national dental health insurance. The systematically selected samples comprised, for each calendar year of the period, approximately 11,000 inhabitants more than 20 years of age in the city of Göteborg. In 1976 and 1984 information on utilization was coupled to information about various demographic, socioeconomic, and disablement factors. In addition, a longitudinal study was performed of 8012 people who resided in Göteborg in 1976 and 1984, correlating dental attendance rates with the same factors. The results showed that dental care utilization increased among both men and women, mostly in age groups more than 65 years of age. Utilization rate in 1976 and in 1984 was independently associated with age, sex, income, marital status, disablement, and regions of the city, and it is concluded that the goal of the dental insurance act, which was, among other things, to contribute to a more equitable distribution of dental care, in many respects has not been achieved. Early identification of people with low utilization may provide a means to obtain the most pronounced improvement in dental health.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intake of energy, nutrients and food items in a ten-year cohort comparison and in a six-year longitudinal perspective: a population study of 70- and 76-year-old Swedish people.

The aim of the investigation was to study cohort differences at age 70 in probands born in 1901/02 and 1911/12 and to study longitudinal changes of dietary habits and intake of energy and nutrients between ages 70 and 76. The study is part of the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Gothenburg, Sweden. The intake of both energy and nutrients was higher in the later cohort. One explanation for this lay in the choice of food items in that cohort. Intake of energy and almost all nutrients decreased in both men and women between ages 70 and 76. Energy intake reduced by 23% in men and 20% in women. The proportion of probands with nutrient intakes below RDA increased significantly at age 76. The study revealed both cohort and longitudinal age changes in dietary habits. There is no reason to believe that elderly people are more conservative regarding their food choices than the rest of the population--at least not at the relatively young ages studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

A study of some masticatory functions in 90-year old subjects.

A group of 35 90-year old subjects, randomly selected from the gerontologic population study in Göteborg (H-70), were examined with respect to function and dysfunction of the masticatory system. The methods included a questionnaire, clinical examination and recording of bite force endurance and maximal bite force, measured in the central incisor region. Forty percent were edentulous, 29% were partially edentulous and wore a removable denture, while the others were dentate without removable prostheses. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were mostly mild and infrequent, except TMJ crepitation which was recorded in 69% of the subjects. Maximal bite force was in general low (mean 94 N) but showed a great individual variation (range 10 to 410 N). Bite force endurance was also very variable (mean 72 s, range 10 to 205 s). None of the 35 subjects reported poor masticatory ability, but 2 said they could not chew all kinds of food. In spite of a reduced bite force this group of 90-year olds considered their masticatory ability as good and most of them had no severe signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Coffee drinking: a minor risk factor for bone loss and fractures.

The influence of coffee drinking as a possible risk factor for loss of bone mass was assessed in a cohort of 619 70-year-old men and women who were examined with dual photon absorptiometry of the right calcaneum. A high consumption of coffee was significantly associated with a lower bone mass, deteriorated dental state, lower socio-economic level and a higher consumption of tobacco. In non-smoking women a bivariate relationship was found between the daily consumption of three or more cups of coffee and a low bone mass (p less than 0.01). However, in a stepwise logistic regression model, only tobacco smoking, body mass index, body height, physical activity and a deteriorated dental state were found to be significant predictive factors for a low bone mineral content. Bone mass and tobacco smoking were the only significant predictive factors for fractures before the ages of 70 and 76 years. Coffee drinking was not a contributory independent risk factor for loss of bone mass and fractures in this population study.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Longitudinal study of stimulated whole saliva in an elderly population.

The aim of this investigation, which is part of the longitudinal gerontologic population study in Gothenburg (H-70), was to examine the effect of aging on salivary flow. Three 70-yr-old cohorts, born in 1901/02, 1906/07, and 1911/12, were studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Representative subsamples (n = 931) were followed up to 82 yr in the first and up to 75 yr in the second and third cohorts. Whole saliva secretion was stimulated by paraffin wax chewing for 5 min and all sampling was carried out in the morning after an overnight fast. The mean secretion rate was 1.24 for men and 0.94 ml/min for women at the age of 70 (all cohorts pooled). The percentage values for extremely low secretion rate (< 0.2 ml/min) were 2 and 6%, respectively. Neither the cross-sectional nor the longitudinal comparison showed any decrease in secretion rate on a group basis either in the age interval 70-82 yr in the first or between 70 and 75 yr in the other two cohorts. However, an increased prevalence of complaints of mouth dryness was found, especially among women. The main conclusion from this study is that there is no decline on a population basis in paraffin-wax-stimulated salivary flow with increasing age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Influence of Parkinson's disease on oral health.

Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated with regard to their oral health. They had significantly more teeth and less caries than a control group of corresponding age. However, the salivary secretion rate was significantly lower with advancing parkinsonian symptoms. It is concluded that not only motor impairment but also autonomic dysfunction, as an expression of a more advanced neuron degeneration, could be of importance when the possibility of maintaining a good oral health in parkinsonian patients is considered.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of craniomandibular dysfunction in an elderly population.

Three cohorts of subjects in their 70s (born in 1901 to 1902, 1906 to 1907, and 1911 to 1912; n = 1,065) were investigated by means of questionnaires and clinical examination. The first cohort was followed to age 83 and the others to age 75. Symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction were reported less frequently with increasing age. This was especially marked in men. Clinical signs of severe dysfunction were rare, and according to the Helkimo classification they tended to decrease with increasing age. The longitudinal results mainly confirmed the cross-sectional data. The results indicated that there is no increased risk of craniomandibular dysfunction with aging. On the contrary, awareness of such symptoms tended to decrease with aging.

Age Factors↗