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Biomedical subjects

T P Welch

Publications and source records attributed to T P Welch.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Longitudinal electroproduction of charged pions from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He.

Separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections for charged pion electroproduction from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He were measured at Q(2) = 0.4 (GeV/c)(2) for two values of the invariant mass, W = 1.15 GeV and W = 1.60 GeV, in a search for a mass dependence which would signal the effect of nuclear pions. This is the first such study that includes recoil momenta significantly above the Fermi surface. The longitudinal cross section, if dominated by the pion-pole process, should be sensitive to nuclear pion currents. Comparisons of the longitudinal cross section target ratios to a quasifree calculation reveal a significant suppression in (3)He at W = 1.60 GeV. The W = 1.15 GeV results are consistent with simple estimates of the effect of nuclear pion currents, but are also consistent with pure quasifree production.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Risk of giardiasis from consumption of wilderness water in North America: a systematic review of epidemiologic data.

OBJECTIVES: A meta-analytic study was conducted to test the hypothesis that consumption of water from North American backcountry sources poses a statistically significant risk for acquisition of giardiasis. METHODS: The biomedical literature was surveyed by accessing Medline, and identified studies were supplemented with references in current reviews, published dissertations, and prior communications with state health departments. Studies were classified by methodologic design and subjected to predetermined inclusion criteria. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, chi-squares, and P-values for epidemiologic surveys were either computed from raw data or abstracted directly from the included studies. RESULTS: Of 104 articles identified in the initial screening, nine met the inclusion criteria. Neither of two case reports met the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for waterborne disease outbreak. Two prospective studies were identified, but neither showed a significant association. Of four case-control studies providing data, three reported an odds ratio of greater than one. CONCLUSIONS: Published reports of confirmed giardiasis among outdoor recreationalists clearly demonstrate a high incidence among this population. However, the evidence for an association between drinking backcountry water and acquiring giardiasis is minimal. Education efforts aimed at outdoor recreationalists should place more emphasis on handwashing than on water purification. Further studies should attempt to separate the specific risk factor of drinking water from backcountry sources from other behaviors among this group that may contribute to the risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Data-based selection of medical supplies for wilderness travel.

The objective of this study was to provide data-driven recommendations for the contents of a wilderness medical kit. Many similar recommendations in the current literature pertain to specialized pursuits or expeditions and are based solely on the opinions of the authors. By studying a relatively homogeneous group of 565 participants in a summer trek program in the New York Adirondack State Park, we were able to analyze 3955 person-days of actual exposure. All incidents were coded by ICD-9 criteria, and actual utilization of first-aid supplies for these incidents was quantified. These supplies were supplemented by items recommended by current practice guidelines for treatment of the observed incidents. The findings were used to generate data-based recommendations for the contents of a first-aid kit which would be adequate to meet the needs of such groups, which probably resemble much of the wilderness use in the United States today.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Giardiasis as a threat to backpackers in the United States: a survey of state health departments.

Forty-eight of the 50 state health departments in the United States responded to a questionnaire about giardiasis in their jurisdictions. The agencies had reports of 34348 cases during 1991 and studied 80 outbreaks in the same period. Nineteen of these outbreaks were attributed to consumption of contaminated drinking water; only two outbreaks were reported among individuals identified as campers or backpackers. Only two departments considered water-associated giardiasis to be a problem for backpackers in their jurisdiction, and neither had any data to support this concern. The surveillance data of health departments indicate that giardiasis is a common communicable disease in the United States. They do not, however, provide any evidence that wilderness water is an important cause of the disease in this country.

Camping↗
PubMed1984

Fibrinopeptide A and sudden coronary death.

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) concentrations were measured in blood taken by direct cardiac puncture from 31 patients who had died suddenly of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and from 8 patients who had died suddenly of other causes. Mean FPA concentration in the IHD group was five times higher than that in the non-IHD group. This difference was almost entirely due to the high FPA level in the IHD subjects with a history of the disease. The FPA difference between the IHD and non-IHD groups is unlikely to have been due to differences in methods of resuscitation. A possible interpretation of the findings is that thrombin production causes or aggravates the course of events leading to sudden IHD death, particularly in subjects with a past history of IHD.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Surgical treatment of typhoid perforation.

The treatment of perforation of the ileum in 50 cases of typhoid fever is reviewed. Because of the risk of reperforation after surgical closure of a perforation, wedge excision of the ulcer if there is a single area of diseases bowel or segmental resection of the ileum if the ileum is more extensively affected are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Acute segmental ischaemic enteritis in Thialand.

A disease characterized by segments of ischaemic small intestine has been recognized in norther Thailand over the past decade. The clinical features and appearance of the diseased intestime are described. Most of the patients were treated by surgical resection of the affected bowel. The overall mortality was 14 per cent. Recently, some patients have been successfully treated by non-surgical means. The aetiology of the disease is still unknown.

Adolescent↗