Sequential chemotherapy and radiation for nasopharyngeal cancer: absence of long-term benefit despite a high rate of tumor response to chemotherapy.
Between April 1981 and December 1983, patients with locoregional carcinoma of the nasopharynx were treated with two courses of chemotherapy administered before radiation therapy. Chemotherapy consisted of methotrexate, bleomycin, and cisplatin, which were administered at 3-week intervals, and radiation therapy was scheduled to commence 3 weeks after the start of the second course. Forty-nine of 51 consecutive patients were treated; only one patient progressed on chemotherapy, and of 36 patients with measurable neck nodes, eight had complete and 19 had partial clearance (greater than 50% decrease in cross-sectional area) of these nodes when assessed before initiation of radiotherapy. Despite the high rate of tumor response (75%; 95% confidence limits, 59% to 91%), the actuarial survival and disease-free survival curves were almost identical to those recorded for a consecutive group of 140 historical controls of similar stage distribution treated with radiation alone. This chemotherapy provided a high rate of tumor remission, but did not appear to convey long-term benefit to patients when used before radiation therapy.