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Biomedical subjects

T Patankar

Publications and source records attributed to T Patankar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Relationship of deep white matter hyperintensities and cerebral blood flow in severe carotid artery stenosis.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) has been associated with abnormalities of both large and small blood vessels. This study attempts to clarify the pathogenesis of LA by testing the hypothesis that increased frequency of LA with occlusive extra-cranial arterial disease results directly from global reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Thirty-five normal subjects and 55 patients with carotid stenosis (>70%) were studied using MR. CBF was measured using phase contrast MR angiography and LA was scored using previously validated scoring system. Patients were divided into those with evidence of previous infarction on MRI and those without. LA was more severe in patients than in normal subjects (P<0.01) and correlated with age in normal subjects but not in patients. CBF in patients with (809+/-214 ml/min) and without infarction (mean 792+/-181 ml/min) was significantly lower than in normal subjects (mean 1073+/-194 ml/min). There was no correlation between the severity of LA and measured CBF in any group. The severity of LA is greater in patients with severe carotid stenosis but is not correlated to reductions in CBF. This suggests that microvascular abnormality is the dominant pathogenetic factor in LA even in the presence of severe stenotic/occlusive large vessel disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

MR imaging in intramedullary cysticercosis.

Although intramedullary spinal cord cysticercosis (IMC) is uncommon, its presence is being increasingly recognised by magnetic resonance imaging. We studied six patients from an endemic region and present the MRI features and clinical correlation of IMC. Six patients who presented with para- or quadriplegia were studied by contrast enhanced spinal MRI. Prompted by the spinal lesions, all patients underwent brain MRI. Clinical data and laboratory studies were reviewed in all patients. Definite diagnosis was established in the form of response to drug therapy (n = 4) and histopathology (n = 2). Follow-up MRI studies of spine and brain were obtained in four patients 2 months after they started medical treatment, regardless of surgery. Five patients showed fusiform and focal enlargement of the spinal cord (cervical 2, thoracic 3). Well-defined cysts with a slightly hyperintense mural nodule were identified in five patients in Ti-weighted images (T1WI). All cysts were hyperintense on T2WI and merged with the surrounding oedema. Oedema extended one to three vertebral levels above or below the cyst. Post-contrast T1WI showed well-defined, ring enhancing lesions with smooth walls in all patients. Symptoms in all patients correlated with the level of the lesions. Brain studies demonstrated lesions in just two patients. Histopathological confirmation was obtained in two patients. Follow-up spinal MRI was normal in two patients, following 2 months of treatment while residual and smaller lesions were seen in two patients. Two patients were asymptomatic and denied follow-up MRI. MRI of spinal cysticercosis were typical of and similar to those seen in cerebral lesions in our patients and corresponded to the level of symptoms. All cysts were surrounded by oedema. Two of four patients showed residual lesions after 2 months of therapy and 33 % of patients showed concomitant intracranial lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Persistent mullerian duct syndrome with teratoma in an ectopic testis: imaging features.

The persistent mullerian duct syndrome represents a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism, secondary to mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) deficiency. We describe imaging findings in a 30-year-old male (46 XY karyotype) with bilateral cryptorchidism and mullerian duct anomalies (presence of uterus and fallopian tubes). Grade-III teratoma with yolk sac tumour was detected in one of the undescended testis, lying in the pelvic cavity. The other testis was in the inguinal canal. The rest of the wolffian duct structures (e.g. prostate, seminal vesicles) were nearly normal. Very few reports of imaging findings of this entity have been published thus far, probably because of the rarity of entity, incidental detection of most of the cases at surgery and relatively asymptomatic clinical presentation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cerebral cryptococcosis: atypical appearances on CT.

Cryptococcal infection is common in immunocompromised patients, often presenting with meningitis or meningoencephalitis. We report an unusual presentation of cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent patient presenting with headache and hemiplegia. CT demonstrated a large ring-enhancing lesion in the parietal region with intralesional calcification.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Imaging findings in rabies encephalitis.

SUMMARY: Rabies encephalitis is perhaps one of the few infectious diseases that command attention and fear not only from the layman but also from physicians. The unique mode of transmission, the virtually exclusive neurotransmission shown by the agent, and the complete hopelessness of the established disease sets rabies apart from other zoonoses transmitted to man. Rabies encephalitis is a fatal disease and its diagnosis is usually based on the clinical presentations and findings. Hence, imaging in rabies is seldom done, and imaging findings in rabies encephalitis have rarely been described. We present the imaging findings in two confirmed cases of rabies encephalitis in which antemortem diagnosis was obtained by corneal impression smears showing the presence of viral antigens. The differential diagnosis of the imaging findings as well as the role and the relevance of imaging in the diagnosis of this disease are discussed. The current literature on the subject is also reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Radiographic findings in tuberculosis of the calvarium.

We reviewed the pattern of involvement of the calvarium by tuberculosis (TB) in five patients and the role of imaging in its management. Four patients presented with localised scalp swelling and one with generalized seizures. Radiographs revealed lucent lesions with minimal surrounding sclerosis in the frontal (2), parietal (2) and occipital (1) bones. CT showed lesions involving the entire thickness of the calvarium and accompanying contrast-enhancing soft tissue. The patient presenting with seizures had a ring-enhancing lesion in the parietal lobe in addition to the extra-axial lesions. Although radiographs in all cases demonstrated calvarial TB, CT showed the extent of the defect, involvement of adjacent soft tissues, and in one case an intra-axial lesion. Radiographs suffice for follow-up of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Tuberculosis of the sternum and clavicle: imaging findings in 15 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging findings in sterno-clavicular tubercular involvement. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with pathologically proven tuberculosis of the sternum and clavicle were retrospectively evaluated. Routine radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used in some or all of the patients. Clinical information and imaging features were evaluated in each case. RESULTS: Eight patients had sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) involvement, five had isolated sternal involvement and two had isolated clavicular involvement. Seven patients were evaluated with only CT, six with only MRI and two with both. There were eight male and seven female patients, varying in age between 16 and 78 years. Fever, swelling and pain were common presenting symptoms. Two patients were HIV positive. Radiographs were positive in only eight patients. Destruction and signal intensity (SI) changes of the sternum and clavicle, destruction of the cartilage, soft tissue changes representing granulation tissue/abscess, displacement of the adjacent structures (vessels, trachea, etc.) and inflammatory changes in the adjacent structures in the form of cellulitis and myositis were common imaging features. CONCLUSIONS: All imaging methods can provide complementary information regarding sterno-clavicular tubercular involvement that is helpful for determination of the therapy. MRI is useful in determining the extent of the lesion, particularly marrow involvement and soft tissue extent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Imaging in isolated sacral tuberculosis: a review of 15 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To review imaging studies of isolated involvement of the sacrum due to tuberculosis and determine the role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of these patients. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: A retrospective analysis of 15 cases of isolated sacral tuberculosis imaged with MR imaging was performed. The CT images were also reviewed where available, and the various lesion characteristics were identified. We also reviewed the medical records in an attempt to determine the impact of the imaging studies on the management of these patients. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (5 male, 10 female) presented with symptoms of 3-15 months' duration. Chronic localized backache with muscle spasm was the commonest presenting symptom; discharging sinuses with abscess formation was found in six patients, five of whom were children. MR imaging of the sacrum revealed a hypointense marrow signal on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images in 14 of 15 patients, the S2 vertebra being always involved. CT revealed osteolytic changes in the sacrum in all the five patients in whom CT was performed. All patients showed marked clinical improvement within 1 year of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Isolated tuberculosis of the sacrum is uncommon but should be suspected in patients presenting with chronic low backache or children with discharging sinuses/abscesses and showing sacral destruction on CT or MR imaging. MR imaging can identify cases and enables early institution of antituberculous chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Isolated optic nerve pseudotumour.

Isolated optic nerve involvement by the idiopathic inflammatory process is a rare finding and very few reports are available. Here a case of an isolated optic nerve inflammatory pseudotumour presenting with gradually progressive unilateral loss of vision is described. It showed dramatic response to a trial of steroids and its differential diagnoses are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumour in children.

Inflammatory pulmonary pseudotumour is an uncommon, non-neoplastic, occasionally aggressive spindle cell proliferative process of uncertain nosology. It has distinctive histopathological features and benign clinico-biological behaviour with multifocal lesions or recurrences in a minority of cases. Recognition of this entity is of paramount importance because it has considerable therapeutic and prognostic implications. The radiological features of two patients with pulmonary pseudotumour that was confirmed on histopathological examination are described.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Fetus in fetu: CT appearance--report of two cases.

Fetus in fetu is a rare abnormality secondary to the abnormal embryogenesis in a diamniotic, monochorionic pregnancy. It is an unusual condition in which a vertebrate fetus is enclosed within the abdomen of a normally developing fetus. Presented are the computed tomographic findings in two cases in which imaging findings were diagnostic of this entity.

Abdomen↗