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Biomedical subjects

T Patton

Publications and source records attributed to T Patton.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cytokine responses to EHV-1 infection in immune and non-immune ponies.

Protecting equids against equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection remains an elusive goal. Repeated infection with EHV-1 leads to protective immunity against clinical respiratory disease, and a study was conducted to measure the regulatory cytokine response (IFN-gamma and IL-4) in repeatedly infected immune ponies compared to non-immune ponies. Two groups of four ponies were established. Group 1 ponies had previously been infected on two occasions, and most recently 7 months before this study. Group 2 ponies had no history no vaccination or challenge infection prior to this study. Both groups were subjected to an intranasal challenge infection with EHV-1, and blood samples were collected pre-infection, and at 7 and 21 days post-infection for preparation of PBMCs. At each time point, the in vitro responses of PBMCs to stimulation with EHV-1 were measured, including IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA production, and lymphoproliferation. Group 1 ponies showed no signs of clinical disease or viral shedding after challenge infection. Group 2 ponies experienced a biphasic pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal shedding of virus after infection. Group 1 ponies had an immune response characterized both before and subsequent to challenge infection by an IFN-gamma response to EHV-1 in the absence of an IL-4 response, and demonstrated increased EHV-1-specific lymphoproliferation post-infection. Group 2 ponies had limited cytokine or lymphoproliferative responses to EHV-1 pre-challenge, and demonstrated increases in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses post-challenge, but without any lymphoproliferative response. Protective immunity to EHV-1 infection was therefore characterized by a polarized IFN-gamma dependent immunoregulatory cytokine response.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

IgG4 as the predominant IgG subclass in pemphigoides gestationis.

BACKGROUND: Pemphigoides gestationis (PG) is a blistering disorder of pregnancy caused by antibodies against basement membrane proteins. They are directed against the 180 kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAg2), towards the epitopes within the NC 16A domain. There are many similarities between pemphigoid gestationis and bullous pemphigoid (BP), but the literature so far indicated different immunofluorescence results in regards with C3 and IgG, and IgG subclasses (IgG4 vs. IgG1). METHODS: We evaluated staining patterns and IgG subclasses, as well as C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC) in 10 pregnant patients with PG, using sandwich double antibody immunofluorescence (SDAI) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). RESULTS: All ten specimens stained with C3 by DIF, but only five had trace amount of IgG reactants by this method. By SDAI, 100% were positive for the IgG4 and C5b-9 MAC, 70% for IgG2, 50% for IgG1, and 40% for IgG3. CONCLUSION: IgG4 was the predominant IgG subtype identified. This finding has not been reported for PG, but it mimics results reported for BP. One explanation is prolonged disease course, as well as blocking of antigenic domains by IgG4. Understanding this completely will help develop therapies and prevention strategies for immunobullous and other autoimmune diseases, and perhaps aid in an exact classification.

Complement Membrane Attack Complex↗
PubMed1993

Phase II trial of ifosfamide and mesna in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous carcinoma of the cervix who had never received chemotherapy: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the activity of ifosfamide and mesna in women with advanced or recurrent squamous carcinoma of the cervix who had never received chemotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a phase II drug study in which the starting dose of ifosfamide was 1.5 gm/m2 daily intravenously for 5 days. The starting dose of ifosfamide was reduced to 1.2 gm/m2 daily in patients who had received prior radiotherapy. The uroprotector mesna was given intravenously with, and at 4 and 8 hours after, the administration of ifosfamide. Each dose of mesna was 20% of the total daily dose of ifosfamide. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were placed in the study; 52 were evaluable for toxicity and 51 for response. Twenty-eight (54.9%) patients had previously undergone surgery and 46 (90.2%) had received radiotherapy before this trial. Gynecologic Oncology Group grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia occurred in 7 (13.5%) patients, and 2 (3.9%) had grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Six (11.5%) patients had grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity. Complete response was observed in 2 (3.9%) patients and partial responses in 6 (11.5%) patients, for a total response rate of 15.7% (95% confidence interval 7.02% to 28.59%). CONCLUSIONS: This response rate is higher than that reported by the Gynecologic Oncology Group in patients with previously treated squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Our findings fail to confirm that ifosfamide is a highly active agent in patients with squamous carcinoma of the cervix as reported by others; nonetheless, the observed activity of this drug deserves further study in combination therapy of squamous carcinoma of the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy versus radiation therapy for small (less than or equal to 3 cm) stage IB cervical carcinoma.

One hundred and three women with FIGO stage IB cervical carcinoma were treated either by radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, or external pelvic radiation and intracavitary brachytherapy to deliver greater than or equal to 6000 rads to point A. Surgical therapy was to be limited to stage IB tumors measuring less than or equal to 3 cm in greatest diameter, Patients with lesions greater than 3 cm, medical contraindications to surgery, or advanced age were to be treated by radiation therapy. Of the 55 women treated surgically, 3 (5.6%) were found on final histologic evaluation to have tumors greater than 3 cm. The 5-year estimated disease-free interval was 92.3% for patients treated by surgery and 91.1% for patients treated by radiation therapy. Similar rates were achieved for the 5-year disease-free interval for lesions greater than 1 cm, 1-3 cm, and less than 3 cm in diameter by either surgery or radiation. It is tentatively concluded that radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy or radiation therapy as outlined above provide equally good disease-free intervals for stage IB cervical tumors measuring less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter. Because of a bias against patients treated with radiation, it is possible that radiation could lead to better results than surgery in comparable (younger, healthier, thinner) population. The advantage of surgical treatment in the younger patient is preservation of ovarian function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ovarian cancer in children.

Gynecologic malignancies account for approximately 2% of all childhood cancers, 60-70% of which are ovarian in origin. New therapeutic modalities have resulted in a significant increase in survival rates for these young patients. Recent advances in the management of germ cell and sex cord tumors of the ovary have resulted not only in an increase in cure rates but also in simultaneous preservation of future fertility. The recent advent of surgical staging has elucidated the early sites of subclinical or occult metastases that accounted for the high mortality in patients who were previously presumed to have localized ovarian cancer. Treatment options are discussed for the various classes of ovarian tumors in children, at the hand of experience at the authors' institution, and of others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of amplification on the intelligibility of speech produced with an electrolarynx.

The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of orolabial amplification on the intelligibility of speech spoken with a neck model electrolarynx for two distance conditions, three noise conditions, and in relative quiet. A speaker using a neck model electrolarynx read single-answer questions to six listeners. The questions were read with and without amplification at 1.5 and 2.5 m distance, in relative quiet as well as in 66 dB, 72 dB, and 76 dBSPL (A-weighted) prerecorded cafeteria noise. The results of the study showed that speech-to-noise ratios were improved for amplified speech, with improvement in intelligibility for speech spoken in moderate background noise (66 and 72 dBSPL). The effect of the "buzz" of the artificial larynx is reduced, and speakers are better understood in moderate background noise with this amplification system.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗