Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from fish samples.
A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure has been developed and optimized for the extraction of six regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from muscle samples of polluted fish. The procedure involves the simultaneous microwave-assisted extraction of PAHs with n-hexane and the lipids hydrolysis with potassium hydroxide. Experimental design methodology allows a quick and robust optimization of operational parameters such as the extraction time, temperature, and solvent volumes. In these final optimized conditions, the procedure can be applied to a vast range of fat containing fish samples without significant changes, thus enabling its routine use. Recoveries around 90% for the studied compounds benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and quantification limits (between 0.07 and 0.53 ng/g dry weight) far below the regulated limits, have been obtained. The procedure is applied to several different fish samples. Further, accuracy validation using NIST SRM 2977 reference material was carried out.