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Biomedical subjects

T Pierce

Publications and source records attributed to T Pierce.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Teaching mathematics to students with mild-to-moderate mental retardation: a review of the literature.

A systematic search of the literature from 1989 through 1998 was conducted to identify and analyze mathematics interventions for students with mild-to-moderate mental retardation. We found that the focus of instruction has shifted from basic skills instruction to computation and problem-solving instruction. Techniques such as constant-time delay, peer tutoring, time trials, and direct instruction proved beneficial in improving mathematics skills. Further, students with mental retardation learned to employ cognitive strategies successfully when these techniques were included. Although this information is promising, we recommend that further studies be conducted in secondary schools and in inclusive settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Global and specific relational models in the experience of social interactions.

Two studies demonstrated that global and relationship-specific models of self and other are correlated but not redundant constructs. Relationship-specific models were operationalized in terms of significant role relationships (Study 1) and salient relationships (i.e., frequent interactions; Study 2). Longitudinal analyses (Study 1) suggested that specific models generalized to global ones over time and that global models had a small but significant effect in shaping specific models over time. Through an event-sampling method, Study 2 assessed the quality and intimacy of daily interactions over a 7-day period. In hierarchical linear modeling analyses, both global and specific relational models explained the experience of daily interactions within relationships. This research highlighted that relational or attachment models can be considered global and specific representational structures, reflecting relational and individual differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Neuronal differentiation of NT2/D1 teratocarcinoma cells is accompanied by a loss of lamin A/C expression and an increase in lamin B1 expression.

Nuclear lamins are prominent elements of the nuclear matrix and are expressed in cell type-specific and differentiation state-specific patterns. A few observations have indicated that nervous tissue may display unusual patterns of lamin expression, in that some neurons appear to lack A-type lamins, which are generally prominently expressed in terminally differentiated, postmitotic cells. To investigate lamin expression patterns during the differentiation of a teratocarcinoma cell line into neurons, NT2/D1 cells were induced to differentiate with retinoic acid treatment. Lamin expression and organization during differentiation in vitro were examined by quantitative immunofluorescence and immunoblotting methods. Undifferentiated NT2/D1 cells were all strongly labeled with an anti-lamin B1 antibody, but displayed marked variation in A/C lamin immunoreactivity. After differentiation, neuronal nuclear envelopes were significantly more strongly labeled by anti-lamin B1 antibody than those of undifferentiated cells, but completely lacked A/C lamin immunoreactivity. In contrast, nonneuronal cells displayed a slight reduction in B1 lamin immunoreactivity, along with a distinct increase in A/C lamin levels. The loss of lamin A/C expression in NT2/D1 neurons is contrary to the pattern normally observed in most somatic cell types during early development and indicates that the nuclear matrix of some neurons, along with certain neuroendocrine and hematopoietic cells, is uniquely specialized in this regard.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1998

Priming relational schemas: effects of contextually activated and chronically accessible interpersonal expectations on responses to a stressful event.

The authors used a relational schemas approach to test the effects of interpersonal expectations on responses to a stressful event. In Study 1, a subliminal priming technique was used to demonstrate the causal influence of experimentally activated interpersonal expectations on affect, support seeking, and coping responses to a hypothetical unplanned pregnancy. Activation of positive interpersonal expectations increased reports of seeking emotional support and decreased the use of self-denigrating coping. Activation of negative interpersonal expectations decreased reports of positive affect and tended to impede growth-oriented coping. Chronically accessible interpersonal expectations, assessed by an attachment questionnaire, were also associated with affect, seeking of support, and coping. Study 2 undermined the possibility that the experimental findings obtained with this priming procedure resulted from a mood manipulation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

HIV risk behaviors associated with the injection process: multiperson use of drug injection equipment and paraphernalia in injection drug user networks.

This study examines drug acquisition and multiperson use of paraphernalia, drugs, and needles/syringes. Ethnographers observed 54 injection episodes in which IDUs were linked by HIV risk behaviors, and developed a typology of higher-risk, lower-risk, and nonsharing-risk networks. Multiperson use of injection paraphernalia or drug solution occurred in most injection events (94%). Serial use of syringes/needles occurred infrequently (14%) relative to "backloading" (37%) and reuse of paraphernalia (cookers 84%, cotton 77%, water 77%). Higher-risk injection networks were characterized by larger size and pooling of resources for drugs. Prevention messages must include avoiding reuse of injection paraphernalia and transfer of drug solution.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1996

Pregnancy decision making as a significant life event: a commitment approach.

A value-laden basis for commitment to goals and the behavioral and affective sequelae of commitment were examined in the context of a stressful life event. Fifty-seven women who were interviewed during a clinic visit for a pregnancy test (Time 1 [T1]) subsequently received positive test results and were then interviewed 2 days later (Time 2 [T2]) and a month later (Time 3 [T3]). The intentionality and the meaning of the pregnancy were associated with self-reported commitment to the pregnancy at T1. In turn, commitment predicted affective states both prior to (T1) and shortly after (T2) receiving test results. Initial commitment also predicted decisions to continue versus to terminate the pregnancy. The decision to continue the pregnancy appeared to bolster self-reported commitment. Relatedly, those continuing the pregnancy reported smoking fewer cigarettes at T3 than at T1. For those aborting the pregnancy, commitment at T1 was negatively related to adjustment at T3. Initial commitment predicted subsequent depression, guilt, hostility among those who aborted, whereas commitment predicted anxiety among those who continued the pregnancy. Other correlates of commitment (pregnancy concerns, religion, abortion history, and other life goals) were explored.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1993

Gender differences in sexualized perceptions of others.

15 men and 43 women read a scenario in which a woman either agreed to go to a man's dormitory room on the first date or declined his invitation. Participants rated the extent to which each scenario character communicated a desire to have sex to the other. Men were more inclined than women to attribute high sexual interest to the story characters when the woman agreed to go to the man's apartment but not when the woman refused. Contrary to Abbey's conclusion that men see the world in more sexual terms, it was concluded that men will not show this behavior unless they have been primed or at least encouraged by potentially promising female behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

White clot syndrome and continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration.

Severe heparin associated thrombocytopenia is a rare complication of heparin therapy. We report a patient who developed heparin associated thrombocytopenia during continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration and discuss its implications and alternative anticoagulant treatment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

How to insert a pulmonary arterial flotation catheter.

In some cases of acute cardiorespiratory failure rational therapy is only possible with detailed information about the circulation, including pulmonary vascular pressures and cardiac output. This information can be obtained from a pulmonary arterial flotation catheter but the associated complications are potentially lethal. This article gives a concise guide to the insertion of pulmonary arterial flotation catheters with the emphasis on points of safety that should minimize the risk to the patient.

Catheterization, Swan-Ganz↗
PubMed1986

Immunoassay as a screening tool for industrial toxicants.

Immunoassay techniques may represent useful screening tools to assist analysts interested in the presence and amounts of organic toxicants in biological fluids. The widespread application of immunoassay methods in medicinal and forensic (drugs of abuse) chemistry has resulted in such screening methodologies. Four methodologies of potential benefit are considered: the free radical assay technique, the enzyme-mediated immunoassay technique, radioimmunoassay, and hemagglutination. Each of these immunoassays is based on the competitive displacement of the labeled drug (or toxicant) from the antibody complex by the unlabeled drug-toxicant in the sample.

Environmental Pollutants↗