[Parvovirus B19].
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Erythema Infectiosum↗
Biomedical subjects
T Pumarola
Publications and source records attributed to T Pumarola.
[Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the population of prisoners of Catalonia].
BACKGROUND: The prison population represents a high risk group for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. The present study was carried out to know the prevalence of infection in this collective in three penitentiary centers in Catalonia. METHODS: All the subjects who were in or who were admitted to the three penitentiaries for men from October 1987 to April 1988 were included in the study (n = 1,579). Demographic risk factor and penitentiary variables were obtained. The determination of anti-HIV-1 antibodies was performed by enzymoimmunoanalysis (Dupont HIV ELISA). RESULTS: The global prevalence of HIV-1 infection was of 40.6%. Significant statistical differences were found among intravenous drug users (IVDU) and non IVDU (chi 2 = 376.8, p < 0.0001, OR = 9.6, CI 95% = 7.5 - 12.3) and between habitual and sporadic users (chi 2 = 23.9, p < 0.0001, OR = 3.0, CI 95% = 1.9 x 4.7). CONCLUSIONS: The penitentiary population in Catalonia is a collective with a high prevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, with intravenous drug use being the fundamental factor associated to this prevalence.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection at an emergency service of an urban area].
BACKGROUND: Objectification of the seroprevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among patients consulting in a hospital emergency ward of an urban area is presented. Detection of unknown carriers of HIV is also reported as well as an evaluation of the reasons for consultation by these patients in emergency wards. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in the emergency ward of internal medicine with the random selection of 500 patients. In each case the following were evaluated: previous epidemiology of HIV, reason for consultation and clinical suspicion of HIV infection. The determination of HIV antibodies was carried out in all patients by ELISA with a further ELISA and Western blot being performed for seropositivity. RESULTS: 8.4% of the patients included were previously known carriers of HIV. In addition, 1.1% presented positive serology vs previously unknown HIV. The most frequent reason for consultation was a febrile syndrome followed by digestive and respiratory symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high seroprevalence of HIV carriers among patients consulting in emergency wards with an unnegligible percentage of unknown carriers. The profile of previously unknown HIV carriers is that of male between 25-35 years of age consulting for a febrile syndrome of no apparent focus who pertains or has previously pertained to a risk group.
Adult↗
Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in the population of Catalonia (Spain). Rationale for universal vaccination of adolescents.
The prevalence of hepatitis B markers was determined in a representative sample of the general population of Catalonia (Spain). HBsAg was found in 0.5% of children (less than 15 years of age) and in 1.7% of adults (more than 15 years of age), and anti HBs in 1.6% and 18%, respectively. Age-specific prevalence for both markers showed a low risk for hepatitis B before puberty, and a progressive rise since adolescence, suggesting that perinatal transmission and horizontal transmission in children are relatively uncommon in Spain. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was significantly higher among subjects with low education level, residing in an urban area and born outside Catalonia, but in the stratified analysis, a statistical significant difference was only maintained in the prevalence of HBV markers between those who live in urban and rural areas, and between those who were born outside Catalonia and in Catalonia. These data may be used as a basis for a strategy of hepatitis B prevention in Spain which include universal vaccination of adolescents, passive-active immunization of newborns to HBsAg positive mothers and vaccination of susceptible adults subjects from high-risk groups.
Adolescent↗
Results of routine syphilitic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology in infertility.
While it has been accepted practice to screen women undergoing infertility evaluation for syphilis, there are few data in the literature regarding the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infertile patients despite the increasing number of HIV-positive women. In the present study, six out of 2137 infertility patients were seropositive for syphilis (0.28%) and four out of 791 were HIV positive (0.5%). All four women with HIV antibodies had negative tests for syphilis and none of them related any risk factor for HIV infection on their initial visit. The 0.5% sero-positivity rate found in our study warrants routine HIV testing in infertile patients.
Adult↗
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in an infertile population.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody in infertility. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional blind study. SETTING: An infertility clinic in Barcelona. PATIENTS: Three hundred thirty-five consecutive patients (308 infertile women and 27 spontaneous recurrent aborters) were seen between January 1989 and May 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Human immunodeficiency virus serostatus. RESULTS: The rate of seropositivity in the group of patients studied was 0.3% (95% confidence interval 0% to 0.9%). CONCLUSION: Further studies are desirable to establish the value of routine HIV testing in infertility patients as a population of women actively seeking pregnancy.
Adult↗
[Creatine phosphokinase in leptospirosis].
Leptospirosis is a widely-distributed infectious disease, that usually presents with fever, headache and myalgia. Organ involvement could have very different severity degree. We evaluate 21 patients with leptospirosis looking for prognostic and diagnostic value of myalgia and/or elevated creatine-phosphokinase serum levels. Myalgia was recorded in nearly all patients (91%). Creatine-phosphokinase levels above normal limits were seen in 37% of cases, either in severe forms of leptospirosis with organ involvement or in mild forms of disease. We conclude that creatine-phosphokinase elevated levels could be of early diagnosis interest but they are not solely seen in the more severe forms of the disease.
Adolescent↗
Seroepidemiology of measles in Catalonia (Spain) 1985-1986.
A seroepidemiological study of measles immunological status was carried out among four different populations: schoolchildren of 6-7 years, 10-11 years and 13-14 years, and pregnant women of 18-45 years, in Catalonia, Spain; 1,213 children and 239 pregnant women were surveyed. The measurement of measles antibodies were made by indirect immunofluorescence, with antibody titres greater than or equal to 1:8 considered as positive. The prevalence of measles antibodies was 82.9% in the 6-7 year old group, 87.2% in the 10-11 year old group and 94.4% in the age group 13-14 years. Among pregnant women, the prevalence of antibodies was 96.2%. Two of the variables studied were associated with the prevalence of measles antibodies in schoolchildren: the disease antecedents and measles vaccination. In pregnant women aged 18-45 no variable had any statistically significant association with the prevalence of measles antibodies.
Adolescent↗
Seroepidemiology of HIV-1 infection in a Catalonian penitentiary.
A seroepidemiological study of HIV-1 infection was carried out among all the subjects who were imprisoned in a correctional centre in Catalonia (Spain) between October 1987 and April 1988. Six hundred and thirty-one inmates (male, mean age 19.1 +/- 1.7 years) were surveyed. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 33.6%. Statistically significant differences were observed between intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and non-IVDUs (P less than 0.0000001) and between regular and irregular IVDUs (P less than 0.000001). The age at which the person started using drugs and the length of time spent in prison were also significantly associated with the prevalence of infection. No other variables, except the higher prevalence among the gipsy ethnic group, showed any statistically significant association with HIV-1 infection.
Adolescent↗
[Severe leptospirosis. Description of a series of 10 cases].
Clinical aspects of 10 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute human leptospirosis, confirmed by serology using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), between 1975 and 1988 in a 1000 beds Teaching Hospital are retrospectively analyzed. All of them were male, mean age of 55, presenting a suggestive epidemiological data to be at risk for Leptospira infection. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae was responsible for 8 cases and Leptospira canicola for 2. 7 patients were treated, after 3-4 days of admittance, with penicillin. 5 patients died. Cause of death was gastrointestinal haemorrhage in 3 and cardiogenic shock in 2. We discuss the clinical, biochemical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of the acute human leptospirosis.
Aged↗
[Prevalence of antitetanus antibodies in pregnant women from Catalonia].
A seroepidemiological survey was carried out to evaluate the immune status against tetanus in a representative sample of pregnant women in Catalonia. Only 21.2% of females from the evaluated sample had immunity against tetanus. The observed rate of protection in women below 25 years of age (40.6%) was significantly higher than in those aged 25-45 years (17.8%). The results of the study show that the risk of neonatal tetanus is still present in Catalonia, and that it is necessary to enhance tetanus vaccination, particularly among the adult population.
Adult↗
[Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus in pregnant women of Catalonia].
A seroepidemiological survey was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus in pregnant women from Catalonia during 1985. The study was carried out in a representative sample of the pregnant women cared for in public and private hospitals from Catalonia, which was selected in maternal clinics by random sampling. Antibody measurements were carried out with the following techniques: toxoplasma, IFI (positive values greater than or equal to 1:10); rubella virus, Iha (greater than or equal to 1:10); CMV and herpes simplex virus, CF (greater than or equal to 1:10). 50.21% of pregnant women had antibodies against toxoplasma, 97.48% against rubella virus, 73.31% against CMV, and 80.93% against herpes simplex virus. The presence of antibodies against CMV and herpes simplex virus were significantly associated ( less than 0.00001). The demographic and socioeconomic variables associated with the prevalence of antibodies were analyzed, and they were compared with other results from the literature.
Animals↗
[Occupational risk of infection by human immunodeficiency virus].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Seroepidemiology of rubella in pregnant females in Catalonia (Spain).
The seroepidemiological study carried out on a random sample of pregnant females aged between 15 and 45 in Catalonia (Spain) showed that the prevalence of antibodies found in the survey (97.5 +/- 2) varies from that shown by studies performed in continental areas of Europe and North America in the pre-vaccination era (80-90%) and is similar to that currently found in certain continental areas of Asia and Africa (about 95%) where the prevalence of the virus seems to be very high, and in certain industrialized countries which have implemented effective vaccination programmes (95-97%). Although 28.8% of the females surveyed stated that they had been vaccinated against rubella, it has not been possible to find any statistically significant differences as regards the prevalence of antibodies between vaccinated and nonvaccinated females. This suggests that the high prevalence of anti-rubella antibodies shown by the survey is due not so much to the existence of effective vaccination programmes as to the fact that the wild virus is extremely widespread among the Catalonian population, similar to certain continental areas of Asia and Africa.
Adolescent↗
[Prevalence of antibodies against HTLV-III/LAV in subpopulations at risk of suffering the acquired immune deficiency syndrome].
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Antibodies, Viral↗
Lymphocyte subpopulations in Spanish parenteral drug addicts.
Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 29 symptom-free Spanish prisoners who were active parenteral drug abusers. In 16/29 drug addicts (55%) the helper-inducer/suppressor-cytotoxic ratio (Leu 3a/Leu 2a) was less than 1. None of these 16 patients had lymphopenia and only 2 had a reduction in the number of Leu 3a cells. In drug addicts the number of lymphocytes (p less than 0.01) and the number and percentage of Leu 2a cells (p less than 0.001) were significantly raised. The addicts also had a higher absolute number of T cells when measured by their ability to react with the Leu 4 antibody (p less than 0.01). However, the E-rosette forming cells were significantly reduced. Thus the E-rosette test may lead to an overestimation of "null" cells. Furthermore drug addicts had a higher percentage (p less than 0.001) of Leu 7 positive cells (NK and K cells), but a normal percentage of B and phagocytic cells. Five drug addicts had generalized persistent lymphadenopathies, and 2 had skin anergy. We believe that most of the immunologic abnormalities seen in these apparently healthy drug abusers can be explained by an antigenic overload.
Adolescent↗
[Prevalence of anti-rubella antibodies in pregnant women in Catalonia].
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Adolescent↗