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Biomedical subjects

T R Olson

Publications and source records attributed to T R Olson.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Paravaginal repair of lateral vaginal wall defects by fixation to the ischial periosteum and obturator membrane.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomic basis, efficacy, and safety of a technique for correcting lateral wall vaginal defects. STUDY DESIGN: Phase I was cadaveric dissection carried out to ascertain the strength and position of structures likely to support lateral vaginal wall defects. The ischial periosteum just anterior to the ischial spine was found to be strong tissue, relatively free of nerves and vessels. In phase II, paravaginal defects were repaired by placing sutures through the arcus tendineus and underlying obturator fascia, obturator membrane, and ischial periosteum. Other defects and urinary incontinence were corrected within the same surgical setting. Forty patients were followed up for an average of 39 months (range 7-52 months). Preoperative evaluation consisted of an extensive history, cough stress test, spontaneous uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine determination, urethral axis determination, site-specific pelvic floor defect evaluation, and multichannel urodynamic studies. After the operation patients underwent evaluations at 3 months, at 6 months, and then annually. RESULTS: Objective site-specific re-examination of the 40 patients revealed the following recurrences: lateral wall in 1 of 40 procedures, anterior wall in 3 of 35 procedures, posterior wall in 1 of 36 procedures, and apical wall in 1 of 27 procedures. Thirty-four of 36 women (94.4%) with urodynamically confirmed genuine stress incontinence or potential incontinence achieved cure (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The ischial periosteum and obturator membrane are consistently strong reattachment sites. (2) Repair of paravaginal defects with these tissues is effective and safe. (3) Urodynamic parameters were unchanged after the operation except for measures of incontinence, which were improved (P <.001). (4) Performing other pelvic procedures did not negatively alter the success rates of paravaginal repair. (5) The urethral axis was favorably altered after the operation (P <.01).

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Deposition and retention patterns for 3-, 9-, and 15-micron latex microspheres inhaled by rats and guinea pigs.

This study was designed to determine the deposition patterns and fate of large particles inhaled by two species of small laboratory animals during nose breathing. Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 3-, 9-, or 15 micron polystyrene latex microspheres labeled with 46Sc. Approximately 1.4% and 0.55% of the initial internally deposited body burden of 3-micron microspheres was in the alveolar region of the respiratory tract of rats and guinea pigs, respectively. None of the 9- or 15-micron microspheres were detected in the alveolar regions of the rats or guinea pigs. Ninety-five to 99% of the deposited microspheres cleared from these animals with biological half-times of 0.5-1.0 day. Most of the cleared radioactivity was in the feces. Approximations for long-term biological half-times for alveolar retention of the 3-micron microspheres were 63 days for rats and 83 days for guinea pigs. About 1% of the initial lung burden of 3-micron microspheres was translocated from lung to lung-associated lymph nodes in both species; none of the 9- or 15-micron microspheres were detected in those lymph nodes. Small fractions of the microspheres initially deposited in the airways of the head were retained with biological clearance half-times ranging from 9 to 350 days. Results from this study do not allow projections for deposition and retention patterns for similar particles inhaled by humans. Such projections must come from studies with humans, or from studies with animal species having deposition patterns for inhaled materials more comparable to those of humans.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1986

Coronary artery variation in a native Iraqi population.

The variation and distribution of the coronary arteries were studied in 119 hearts of individuals, 4 fetal months to 40 years old, who died from noncardiovascular causes. All individuals included in this study were natives of the Mosul area of northern Iraq. The coronary arteries were examined by injection-corrosion and unaided dissection. Almost all (90%) of the anomalies observed were in the right coronary artery. Nine hearts (8% of total sample) possessed ectopic ostia in the right coronary sinus for the right coronary and conus arteries. The occurrence of a separate conus artery appears to be anomalous rather than ubiquitous as widely reported in the literature. One specimen had separate origins for the left circumflex and anterior descending arteries from the left coronary sinus. The patterns of coronary artery distribution were classified as left (14%) and right (46%) preponderant, and balanced (40%), following Schlesinger [Schlesinger, Arch Pathol 30:403-415, 1940]. The present study adds to the growing body of data on intrapopulation frequencies of coronary artery variants among non-Europeans and supports the contention that postpartum development may modify the pattern of coronary divergence from the aorta. As the number of non-Caucasian patients undergoing surgical treatment for ischemic or valvular heart disease increases, additional comparative data on racial, sexual, and ontogenetic variation of the coronary arteries and their aortic ostia are required to improve the care of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The evolutionary basis of some clinical disorders of the human foot: a comparative survey of the living primates.

The living primates are a highly diverse group of essentially arboreal animals whose feet are variously adapted for grasping, climbing, and leaping in trees. One of the most remarkable aspects of the anatomical variation in the feet of the extant primates is that this diversity can be arranged in a graduated sequence ranging from the primitive transtarsal-opposition type of grasping foot found in the lemurs, through the specialized transmetarsal-adduction type that characterizes the higher primates, to the unique nongrasping foot of humans. The comparative study of this graded series makes it possible, without recourse to the fossil record, to appreciate the adaptive and functional stages through which the human foot passed in its evolution. It is hypothesized that the initial stage of human erect posture was characterized by a foot which was adapted to both hallucial grasping and short distance bipedal walking. In many respects, the structure of the foot of this primitive human was probably similar to that of the living highland gorilla. When compared with the feet of our closest living relatives, the African apes, the human foot is characterized by two major evolutionary specializations: the longitudinal and transverse arches, and the parallel first and second metatarsals. These two morphological adaptations, together with several associated specializations, are the structural basis of the bipedal human foot. Reconstructing the evolutionary and adaptive history of these specializations creates a better understanding of some of the more common clinical podiatric disorders. The modern human foot is structurally so well adapted to prolonged bipedal walking and standing that even slight deviations from its evolutionarily established pattern will produce debilitating clinical manifestations. In most cases, successful treatment of such disorders involves restoration of the foot's basic adaptive configuration.

Adaptation, Biological↗