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Biomedical subjects

T R Weber

Publications and source records attributed to T R Weber.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ileocecal valve replacement. Its effect on transit time, survival, and weight change after massive intestinal resection.

Sixty-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent one of three procedures: (1) laparotomy without resection (n = 15); (2) 75% distal small-bowel resection, including the ileocecal valve (n = 25); and (3) 75% bowel resection including ileocecal valve, and construction of a jejunal valve (n = 25). Rats were evaluated for survival, weight change, and transit time. Mortality was 0% in controls, 84% in group 2, and 28% in group 3 after three months. Rats with resection alone lost 29% of their initial weight, whereas rats with jejunal valves gained 24% over their preoperative weight. Transit time was three times slower in animals with valves. These data suggest that survival, transit time, and weight change are significantly improved in rats with massive bowel resection after construction of an artificial valve when compared with animals with resections alone. These observations imply that, in selected cases, an ileocecal valve replacement may have clinical usefulness.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prognostic determinants after hepatoportoenterostomy for biliary atresia.

Hepatic secretory functions were measured postoperatively in 17 infants undergoing hepatoportoenterostomy for biliary atresia. These studies were compared in surviving and nonsurviving infants to attempt early identification of infants who might require reoperation. Statistically significant differences between surviving and nonsurviving infants were found in alkaline phosphatase clearances at 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. In addition, bilirubin clearance and secreted 24 hour bilirubin measurements were significantly increased in survivors 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. Iodine-131 rose bengal excretion, measured 6 months postoperatively, was likewise significantly increased in survivors. Six of the 10 surviving infants required reoperation when their secretory functions deteriorated; all improved postoperatively. None of the seven nonsurviving infants underwent reoperation. Biliary secretory functions have early prognostic significance and apparently can predict which infants require reoperation. Reexploration and higher transection of atretic ducts may improve survival.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Clinical spectrum of zinc deficiency in pediatric patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

In a 1-yr period, 11 infants and children were found to have symptomatic zinc deficiency associated with prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A wide variety of signs and symptoms were due to zinc deficiency, including diarrhea, anorexia, poor weight gain, perioral and perineal rash, and alopecia. A previously undescribed symptom of zinc deficiency, that of prolonged postoperative adynamic ileus, was also seen in four children. Prompt resolution of symptoms occurred with the institution of intravenous zinc sulfate (500 micrograms/kg/day).

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Suppurative thrombophlebitis in childhood.

Thrombophlebitis in children is almost always related to intravenous therapy. In most cases the inflammatory reaction is self-limited and resolves when the intravenous catheter or needle is removed. In some cases contamination may result in suppurative thrombophlebitis, a potentially life-threatening complication of intravenous therapy. This report describes two-6-year-old children with suppurative thrombophlebitis that was successfully treated by drainage of periphlebitic abscess and excision of the infected vein. Early recognition and prompt surgical management should reduce morbidity and prevent mortality in these cases.

Arm↗
PubMed1980

Surgical experience in infants with the VATER association.

The surgical experience in 30 infants with the VATER association of multiple congenital anomalies is detailed. These infants can be satisfactorily managed by a thorough multisystem (cardiac, renal, digestive, orthopedic) evaluation, well planned operative therapy, and sophisticated neonatal intensive care. Survival was achieved in 77% of patients. Satisfactory growth and development and few longterm complications have been observed in this complicated group of infants. These data indicate that infants with the VATER association can lead reasonably normal lives following aggressive operative treatment and supportive care.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Synergistic effect of hyperthermia, papaverine, and chemotherapy in murine neuroblastoma.

The effects of microwave induced hyperthermia, papaverine, and chemotherapy were evaluated in transplanted CI300 murine neuroblastoma. One hundred forty-five Ajax mice received axillary subcutaneous implants of CI300 round cell neuroblastoma (1.25 X 10(6) cells). Animals were divided into 8 treatment groups: Group 1 (n = 14) received no therapy (controls); Group 2 (n = 20) received radiofrequency microwave hyperthermia (2450 MHz at 40 milliwatts/cm2 for 4 min at 41.5 decrees C); Group 3 (n = 14) received papaverine (65 mg/kg for 3 days); Group 4 (n = 14) received a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CPM) (50 mg/kg) and vincristine (VCR) (0.2 mg/kg); Group 5 (n = 22) received papaverine, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine as above; Group 6 (n = 20) received hyperthermia and papaverine; Group 7 (n = 18) received hyperthermia, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine; and Group 8 (n = 19) received hyperthermia, papaverine, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine. Therapy was instituted at 21 days after implant (tumor size 1 cm2), continuing for 2 weekly cycles. Animals were assessed for tumor regression, survival and relapse free rate at 1 and 4 wk. Tumor regression was seen only in animals receiving chemotherapy. Initial response rate (1 week) was 50% (group 4), 55% (group 5), 89% in (group 7), and 100% in mice receiving chemotherapy, papaverine, and hyperthermia (group 8) (p less than 0.05 7 and 8 versus 4 and 5). At 4 wk however, tumor relapse was noted in 6 of 7 group 4 responders, 10 of 12 in group 5, 13 of 16 in group 7, but only 4 of 19 group 8 responders (p less than .001 group 8 versus 4, 5, 7). These data indicate a synergistic effect of papaverine, microwave induced hyperthermia and chemotherapy in murine neuroblastoma. These observations suggest such treatment may be useful in clinical instances of neuroblastoma, especially in nonresponders to conventional therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An analysis of tolazoline therapy in the critically-ill neonate.

There were 47 seriously-ill neonates with medical causes of respiratory distress and 10 infants with severe respiratory distress secondary to a congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with tolazoline according to a strict protocol designed to manage persistent fetal circulation (PFC). Of the 47 infants, 28 (60%) had a positive response defined as an increase in the pO2 greater than or equal to 24 mm Hg within 4 hr of beginning the drug. Of 7 infants, 4 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia had a positive response. The mean increase in the pO2 for the 47 infants was statistically significant (p less than .05). Of the 47 infants with medical disorders, 27 survived (survival 57%), whereas only 2 of the 10 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and severe persistent fetal circulation survived (survival 28%). Erythema (60%), hematest positive gastric aspirates (55%), thrombocytopenia (45%), hyponatremia (40%) and increased gastric aspirates (36%) were the most common adverse effects occurring during tolazoline infusion. Hypotension occurred in nine cases, but was transient. Of the 27 survivors, 20 with medical causes of persistent fetal circulation were evaluated at age 1 yr. Eighty percent of these infants studied were considered normal as defined by an MDI and PI of the Bayley Scales of greater than or equal to 70. These data suggest that tolazoline is a useful adjunct in the management of neonates with PFC. In addition, tolazoline was more effective in mechanically ventilated neonates treated with respiratory paralytic agents. Although tolazoline resulted in a significant improvement in the paO2 in 4 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, it did not appear to improve mortality in these infants.

Erythema↗