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T Rapoport

Publications and source records attributed to T Rapoport.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Women in black: challenging Israel's gender and socio-political orders.

The Israeli protest movement 'Women in Black' is studied by focusing on the movement's mode of protest, which is used as a prism through which to analyse the manner in which the structure, contents and goals of protest challenge the socio-political and gender orders. The article analyses the protest vigil of 'Women in Black' in Jerusalem, and characterizes it, following Handelman (1990), as a minimalist public event. After examining and analysing the sources of minimalism it was concluded that minimalism was the result of two social processes attendant at the formation of 'Women in Black' as a social movement: personal interpretation of the political field, and avoidance of ideological deliberation amongst the participants. The minimalism of the public event preserved the movement for six years and created a collective identity that emphasized the symbolic difference between those within the demonstration and those outside it. This difference was symbolized by a juxtaposition of opposites. The essence of opposites is analysed by means of 'thick description', i.e., by deciphering them in the context of Israeli society. The study concluded that the mode of protest of 'Women in Black' has created a symbolic space in which a new type of political woman is enacted. This identity challenges established socio-cultural categories Israel.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Synaptobrevin is essential for secretion but not for the development of synaptic processes.

The formation of small synaptic vesicles represents a hallmark during synaptogenesis. The small synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin is considered as a marker protein for synapses during neuronal development. Another small synaptic vesicle protein, synaptobrevin, is now well accepted to play an important role for the function of synapses in being a key component of exocytosis. Its role during synaptogenesis is not known. Tetanus toxin which exclusively proteolysis synaptobrevin thereby inhibiting secretion from all types of neurons was used to investigate consequences of inactivating synaptobrevin for the formation of small synaptic vesicles and synaptic contacts. In primary cultures of mouse hypothalamic and cerebellar neurons cultivated for 3 to 4 days, synaptobrevin appears earlier on small synaptic vesicles and in synaptic contacts than synaptophysin. Upon longer cultivation up to 12 to 14 days in vitro both proteins associated equally with small synaptic vesicles. Interestingly, GABA secretion stimulated by 50 mM potassium or 500 PM alpha-latrotoxin, did not vary during cultivation time. Tetanus toxin added to neuronal cultures at day 2 in vitro cleaved synaptobrevin and inhibited regulated GABA secretion during the whole cultivation time. Despite the impaired function of synaptobrevin other synaptic proteins such as synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, rab 3A, protein SV2, SNAP-25 and syntaxin were found in processes and synaptic contacts comparable to untreated cultures. The expression of various synaptic proteins was also followed in vivo. In mouse brains taken at different embryonic days, synaptobrevin, synaptotagmin, rab 6 and the membrane protein SNAP-25 were expressed earlier than synaptophysin and protein SV2. We conclude that synaptobrevin represents a marker for early events in synaptogenesis. Its proteolysis by tetanus toxin, however, does not interfere with the formation of synaptic contacts and neuronal differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The Sec61 complex is essential for the insertion of proteins into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Cross-linking studies have implicated Sec61 alpha as the principal component adjacent to newly synthesised membrane proteins during insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum. Using proteoliposomes which have been reconstituted from purified components of the endoplasmic reticulum [Görlich, D and Rapoport, T.A., Cell 75 (1993) 615-630] we have found that the Sec61 complex, consisting of three subunits, is essential for the insertion of single-spanning membrane proteins. This is true for signal-anchor proteins of both orientations, and for proteins with a cleavable signal sequence. These results support the view that Sec61 alpha is a major component of the ER translocation site and promotes both the insertion of membrane proteins and the translocation of secretory proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗
PubMed1990

Developmental assumptions in literary criticism and their implications for conceptions of continuity and change in literary creativity.

With 2 critical readings of William Wordsworth's "Ode: Intimations of Immortality From Recollections of Early Childhood," this article presents contrasting assumptions of the literary critic about the development of artistic creativity and relates them to the issue of continuity and change in literary expression over the life span. The unveiled assumptions parallel the "hard" (structuralist) and "soft" (life-span) conceptions of human development prevailing in contemporary psychology. A better understanding of creative development may be reached by superimposing the principles derived from the soft metatheoretical orientation on those of the hard theory.

Creativity↗
PubMed1989

Complex role experiences and personal differentiation: a real-life experiment.

This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal differentiation. "Complex role experiences" are defined by high levels of voluntarism, multiplexity, quasi-responsibility and trial-and-error behaviour. The ability to differentiate between diverse principles of role enactment and various criteria of interpersonal relations is conceptualized as "personal differentiation". Our hypothesis is that a pre-designed educational programme providing complex role experiences enhances personal differentiation. This hypothesis was tested in an experimental study on Israeli adolescents participating in summer camps. The results show that the active exposure to and assumption of variegated roles in different settings on a voluntaristic basis, while performing meaningful and quasi-responsible actions by means of trial-and-error behaviour, enhances role and interpersonal differentiation, and hence personal differentiation, among adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Mathematical modelling of ATP, K+ and Na+ interactions with (Na+ + K+)-ATPase occurring under equilibrium conditions.

The controlling effect of ATP, K+ and Na+ on the rate of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase inactivation by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-C1) is used for the mathematical modelling of the interaction of the effectors with the enzyme under equilibrium conditions. 1. Of a series of conceivable interaction models, designed without conceptual restrictions to describe the effector control of inactivation kinetics, only one fits the experimental data described in a preceding paper. 2. The model is characterized by the coexistence of two binding sites for ATP and the coexistence of two separate binding sites for K+ and Na+ on the enzyme-ATP complex. On the basis of this model, the effector parameters fitting the experimental data most closely are estimated by means of nonlinear least-squares fits. 3. The apparent dissociation constants for ATP fo the enzyme-ATP complex or of the enzyme-(ATP)2 complex are computed to lie near 0.0024 mM and 0.34 mM, respectively, irrespective of whether K+ and Na+ were absent or K+ and K+ plus Na+, respectively, were present in the experiments. 4. The origin of the high and the low affinity site for binding of ATP to the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase molecule is traced back to the coexistence of two catalytic centres which, although primarily equivalent as to the reactivity of their thiol groups with NBD-C1, are induced into anticooperative communication by ATP binding and thus show an induced geometric asymmetry. 5. On the basis of the interaction model outlined under item 2 the apparent dissociation constant for K+ or Na+ in the (K+ + Na+)-liganded enzyme-ATP complex are computed to be 1.7 mM and 3.5 mM, respectively. 6. The conclusions concerning the coexistence of two primarily equivalent but anticooperatively interacting catalytic centres and the coexistence of two separate ionophoric centres for Na+ and K+ correspond to the appropriate basic postulates of the flip-flop concept of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase mechanism.

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan↗