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T Rikimaru

Publications and source records attributed to T Rikimaru.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Endoscopic classification of healing process in tracheobronchial tuberculosis].

Out of 404 patients with pulmonary and/or tracheobronchial tuberculosis treated during the last 10 years at Kurume University Hospital and St. Mary Hospital, in 41 patients, who had been histopathologically or bacteriologically diagnosed as having active tracheobronchial tuberculosis, tracheobronchial lesions were examined by use of bronchofiberscope. Most patients were treated by a combination of three antituberculous agents (INH, RFP and SM or EB). In 31 patients out of the 41 patients, broncho-fiberscopic examinations were performed twice or more. We observed the ulcerous lesions of bronchial tuberculosis at various stages of healing, and could classify the ulcerous lesions into the following three stages. Active Stage: stage A; ulcer formation without regenerating epithelium, Healing Stage: stage H; ulcer formation with regenerating epithelium, Scarring Stage: stage S; and no ulcer formation. Only the lesions of stage A were observed before treatment. In many patients during the first and second month of treatment, the lesions were stage A or H. It was found that healing of the lesions of tracheobronchial tuberculosis progressed through the stages A, H, and S, in this order. The smear positive rates in sputum were 88.5% in stage A, 12.9% in stage H and 5.0% in stage S. The culture positive rates in sputum were 88.5% in stage A, 20.0% in stage H, and 0% in stage S. We conclude that at least 3 months were generally required for the healing of tracheobronchial tuberculosis with ulcerous lesion. However, it seems that the period of time for healing of ulcerous lesions is shorter in patients who are treated by aerosol therapy with SM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of aerosol therapy of streptomycin for tracheobronchial and pulmonary tuberculosis].

The clinical features of tracheobronchial tuberculosis are distinct from those of pulmonary tuberculosis in some aspects. Streptomycin (SM) is claimed by some investigators that it has a tendency to promote the development of bronchial stenosis due to scarred healing of the involved endobronchial mucosa, and, for that reason, they recommend not to use it in treatment of bronchial tuberculosis. In some patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who have renal or hearing disturbance, SM avoided. Yet unless SM is used improvement of tuberculosis could be delayed. It is the purpose of the present investigation to point out that aerosol therapy of SM is useful for patients with respiratory tuberculosis. Furthermore, we wish to demonstrate that we can safely treat the patients with respiratory tuberculosis who suffer from renal function or hearing disorder by use of aerosol therapy of SM. Prior to clinical application of the inhalation therapy, we confirmed that the therapy was not harmful. Serum concentration of SM, when inhaled, was measured in 9 volunteers. Before and after administration of SM aerosol, spirograms were examined in 4 volunteers, nevertheless, no special abnormality was recognized. It seemed that serum concentration of SM after the administration was two low to evoke adverse reactions (less than 3.0 gamma). In 6 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, blood gases were measured and no obvious change was observed. As a result, it was demonstrated that the endobronchial tuberculous lesions improved faster when treated by inhalation of aerosolized SM as compared with the conventional injection therapy, without evoking any apparent adverse reactions. In some of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, it seemed that the therapy was useful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mediators, initiating the inflammatory response, released in organ culture by full-thickness human skin explants exposed to the irritant, sulfur mustard.

Mediators released from injured human skin that initiate the inflammatory response have not been adequately identified. Organ culture of full-thickness skin explants enables us to do so, because injury to the skin can be made in vitro, eliminating the rapid leakage of serum and infiltration of leukocytes that occur in vivo. In our studies, the military vesicant sulfur mustard (SM) (10 microliters of a 0.01 to 1.0% dilution) was topically applied to injure the epidermis of the explant. Then, the explants were cultured in small Petri dishes, usually for 18 h at 36 degrees C, and the organ-culture fluids were assayed for various inflammatory mediators. We found that the culture fluids from SM-exposed and control explants contained similar amounts of angiotensin-converting enzyme, trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, lysozyme, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, interleukin 1, and lactic dehydrogenase. However, the culture fluids from SM-exposed explants contained increased amounts of histamine and plasminogen-activating activity, and often prostaglandin E2, when compared to culture fluids from control explants. After 3 to 4 d in culture, full-thickness human skin explants, when exposed to 0.2% SM (but not when exposed to 1.0% SM), sometimes showed separation of the epidermis and increased collagenase activity (i.e., hydroxyproline release). Thus, histamine (from local mast cells), and prostaglandin E2 and plasminogen-activating activity (probably from both mast cells and epidermal cells) are apparently involved in early mediation of the inflammatory response.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

[A case of mediastinal abscess due to Enterococcus faecalis accompanied with superior vena cava syndrome].

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome caused by benign diseases is rare. We reported a case of mediastinal abscess due to Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) accompanied with SVC syndrome and reviewed the literature on this particular condition. A 38-year-old female with swelling of the neck and dilatation of cervical vein was admitted to our hospital, being diagnosed as having a SVC syndrome. Chest roentgenogram revealed an enlargement of the right upper mediastinum and a massive infiltration in the right upper lung field. CT scan demonstrated a mass with central necrosis occupying the right upper mediastinum and stenosis of superior vena cava. Further conformation of the stenosis of vena cava was made by means of venography. E. faecalis was recovered from the pus aspirated from the mediastinal abscess, and a definitive diagnosis of SVC syndrome caused by mediastinal abscess due to E. faecalis was made. There has been no report, to our knowledge, on mediastinal abscess evolving SVC syndrome in which E. faecalis was identified as a causative organism. The present case indicates that a benign disease such as lung abscess should be considered to be a possible cause of SVC syndrome in addition to other frequent malignant diseases.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

We report a rare case of a patient in whom severe subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema occurred in association with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis and in whom overdistention or disruption of alveoli with obliteration of the respiratory bronchioles was revealed on open lung biopsy. This case suggests that obstructive bronchiolitis with hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an etiologic factor of mediastinal emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Active bronchial tuberculosis--a clinical study on 36 cases].

A total of 36 patients (16 male and 20 female) with tracheobronchial tuberculosis were admitted during the last nine years and were evaluated for their clinical features. The chief complaint in three quarters of the patients was intractable cough, in particular, in those with tracheal tuberculosis. One of three patients who suffered from wheezing was prescribed steroid, being diagnosed as having bronchial asthma instead of tuberculosis. Plain chest X-rays of two patients revealed no abnormality. Pleural effusion was observed in three patients, and miliary tuberculosis in two patients. Bronchial biopsy was carried out in 23 patients, however, in only 11 patients a histopathological diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis could be made. In contrast, in all 36 patients smear and/or culture for tubercle bacilli were positive. Therefore, bronchial biopsy was considered not to be essential in making a definite diagnosis of bronchial tuberculosis, although it did not exacerbate the lesion to lead to endobronchial stenosis. Only seven out of 36 patients were in the habit of smoking but three of the four had already broken the habit at least one year before being diagnosed as having the disease. The remaining four patients were still smoking but less than 10 cigarettes a day, with one exceptional patient who was smoking 30 cigarettes on average a day. It has been well known that there is a sexual difference in the incidence of bronchial tuberculosis, namely among females with relatively low population of smokers, the incidence is high. Another probable reason for the higher female incidence is assumed to be due to the structural susceptibility of the bronchus with smaller diameter lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Three cases of localized pleural tuberculosis which looked exacerbated during antituberculous chemotherapy].

We reported three cases whose pleural tumorous shadows enlarged during the intensive chemotherapy for tuberculosis. The patients were 39 year-old female, 63 year-old female, and 22 year-old male. Their chest X-ray films on admission showed pleural effusion or infiltration, but no tumorous shadows. Eight to 16 weeks after starting the antituberculous therapy with INH, RFP and SM, new tumorous shadows appeared in the right chest wall (case 1, 3) or the left chest wall (case 2). The mass extracted from case 1 contained granuloma with caseous necrosis. The tumorous shadows on chest X-ray films in case 2 and 3 disappeared by continuous antituberculous therapy. We can not definitely conclude that the disease of these 3 cases were same diseases to be called either percostal tuberculosis, peripleural abscess or peripleuritis tuberculosa as observed in case 1. The phenomenon observed in case 2 and 3 is suspected to be caused by some allergic mechanism eg. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction which is observed during the therapy for syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Full-thickness human skin explants for testing the toxicity of topically applied chemicals.

This report describes a model organ-culture system for testing the toxicity of chemical substances that are topically applied to human skin. In this system, the viable keratinocytes in the full-thickness skin explants are protected by the same keratinized layer as skin remaining on the donor, and toxicity can be assessed microscopically and/or biochemically. The human skin specimens were discards from a variety of surgical procedures. They were cut into full-thickness 1.0-cm2 explants, and briefly exposed to the military vesicant sulfur mustard (SM), which was used as a model toxicant. The explants were then organ cultured in small Petri dishes for 24 h at 36 degrees C. In the 0.03-1.0% dosage range, a straight-line dose-response relationship occurred between the concentration of SM applied and the number of paranuclear vacuoles seen histologically in the epidermis. Within the same SM dosage range, there was also a proportional decrease in 14C-leucine incorporation by the explants. Thus, the number of paranuclear vacuoles reflected decreases in protein synthesis by the injured epidermal cells. The epidermis of full-thickness untreated (control) human skin explants usually remained viable for 7 d when stored at 4 degrees C in culture medium. During storage, a relatively small number of paranuclear vacuoles developed within the epidermis, but the explants were still quite satisfactory for testing SM toxicity. Incubation (for 4 or 24 h at 36 degrees C) of such control skin explants reduced (often by 50%) the small number of paranuclear vacuoles produced during 4-7 d of storage. This reduction was probably caused by autolysis of many of the vacuolated cells. Two types of paranuclear vacuoles could be identified by both light and electron microscopy: a storage type and a toxicant type. The storage type seemed to be caused by autolysis of cell components. The toxicant type seemed to be caused by an invagination of the plasma membrane. Only toxicant-type vacuoles increased appreciably in number when skin explants were exposed to mustard, and to other toxicants.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Comparisons of urinary creatinine, skeletal muscle mass, and indices of muscle protein catabolism in rats fed ad libitum, with restricted food intake, and deprived of food.

Urinary excretions of creatinine (CR) and 3-methylhistidine (3-MeHis), and skeletal muscle mass (SKM) were measured in rats (male, Wistar, weighing about 290 g) fed a 20% casein diet ad libitum, rats restricted to 70% of the food intake of the ad libitum group, and rats deprived of food for 20 days. At the same time, catabolic rates of muscle protein derived from 3-MeHis/CR, 3-MeHis/BW, and 3-MeHis/SKM were compared. The CR/SKM ratio in the energy-restricted group was similar to the ad libitum group, while the ratio was higher in the food-deprived group than in the other two groups. This means that CR excretion was promoted per unit of skeletal muscle mass by food deprivation. These results indicate that CR excretion can be an index for SKM under the condition of energy restriction, but not under the condition of food deprivation. The present data also suggest that it is possible to use the 3-MeHis/CR ratio instead of 3-MeHis/SKM which is the most reliable index of the three indices, under the condition of mild energy restriction. In food deprivation, however, the 3-MeHis/CR data tended to underestimate the catabolic rate of muscle protein compared with the 3-MeHis/SKM data. The 3-MeHis/BW data was similar to the 3-MeHis/SKM with all dietary conditions. The catabolic rate of muscle protein was constant or decreased very slightly under ad libitum feeding, decreased slightly in energy restriction, and increased drastically with food deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Responses of sodium balance, blood pressure, and other variables to sodium loading in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

For determination of the responses of sodium balance, blood pressure, and other relevant variables to Na loading in people with a low intake of Na, 10 male Papua New Guinea highland subjects were given additional Na at two levels (128 and 256 mmol/d) for 10 d after a 3-d control period of low-Na diet. Na loading caused a marked positive balance of Na, decreases of aldosterone concentration and renin activity in the plasma, and a decrease of urinary aldosterone excretion. The blood pressure, particularly that measured at noon, increased in the latter half of the Na-loading period, the increase being significant in the group given 256 mmol of sodium daily: the systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased from 92 +/- 8 over 56 +/- 7 mm Hg in the control period to 102 +/- 7 over 60 +/- 4 mm Hg in the latter half of the test period (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of low protein intake on protein metabolism of Papua New Guinea highlanders studied with [15N]glycine.

The effects of low protein intake on protein metabolism, including the size of pools and the protein synthesis rates, were studied by use of [15N]glycine in Papua New Guinea highlanders. Studies were made on 9 men between October and December in 1982. In experiment 1, two subjects were given a protein-free diet (PFD) containing 49.1 kcal/kg of energy. In experiment 2, subjects were given a sweet-potato diet (SPD) containing 45.4 kcal/kg of energy and 0.507 g/kg of protein for 8 days, and then were given a low-protein sweet-potato diet (LPSPD) containing 50.0 kcal/kg of energy and 0.265 g/kg of protein. During the SPD period, the sizes of the metabolic and active protein pools (mean +/- SD) were 270 +/- 134 mgN/kg and 362 +/- 107 mgN/kg, respectively, and the rates of active and inactive protein synthesis were 463 +/- 161 mgN/kg/day and 299 +/- 38 mgN/kg/day, respectively. During the LPSPD period, the sizes of the metabolic pool and active protein pool were 131 +/- 64 mgN/kg and 378 +/- 106 mgN/kg, respectively, and the rates of active and inactive protein synthesis were 490 +/- 206 mgN/kg/day and 280 +/- 26 mgN/kg/day, respectively. The protein metabolism in the LPSPD showed no significant difference from the SPD. The results suggest that, when the energy levels were approximately the same, protein metabolism in Papua New Guinea highlanders was maintained in spite of the decrease in protein intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Long-term effect of energy restriction at different protein levels on several parameters of nutritional assessment.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate long-term effects of energy restricted diets containing different protein levels initiated in adult life on various parameters of nutritional assessment. Rats (male SPF Wistar) were fed 20%-casein diet ad libitum, or 10%-, 20%-, or 40%-casein diets (group 10R, 20R, and 40R, respectively) under energy-restricted conditions, which corresponded to about 60% ad libitum feeding, from 18 to 55 weeks of age. Energy restriction induced a decrease of body-lipid percentage. Although skeleton weight and tail length increased throughout the experimental period in all the groups, these increases were found to be depressed under energy restriction. On the other hand, protein intake level under the energy restriction did influence plasma concentrations of urea and cholesterol, hematocrit, and systolic blood pressure. The group fed the 40%-casein diet tended to be lower in total cholesterol levels at 55 weeks of age, while the group fed 10%-casein diet tended to be lower in hematocrit and higher in systolic blood pressure levels. When mature rats were fed the 60%-energy-restricted diet for a long-term period, those on the 20%- and 40%-casein diets showed somewhat more preferable levels of hematocrit and blood pressure than those on the 10%-casein diet; the 10%-casein diet did not, however, reveal symptoms of malnutrition.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Studies of nitrogen balance in male highlanders in Papua New Guinea.

Nitrogen metabolism in Papua New Guinea highlanders was studied by examining their nitrogen balance when they ate their usual diet (experiment 1) or an experimental diet (experiment 2). Studies were made on 39 male highlanders between October and December in 1980 and 1982. In experiment 1, the average protein and energy intakes (mean +/- SD) for three consecutive days of usual diets were 116.2 +/- 31.2 mg N/kg body weight and 46.9 +/- 8.9 kcal/kg body weight in 1980 and 143.5 +/- 54.8 mg N/kg body weight and 47.3 +/- 10.5 kcal/kg body weight in 1982, and thus the nitrogen balances were 27.7 +/- 28.3 and 18.4 +/- 24.2 mg N/kg body weight, respectively. Most dietary protein and energy was derived from sweet potatoes and other vegetable foods, but between 1980 and 1982 the diet changed slightly with increased consumption of imported foods such as rice and canned fish. In the second experiment, when 10 highlanders were given adequate protein diet (about 200 mg N/kg body weight and about 44 kcal total energy/kg body weight for 13 d, much of the dietary nitrogen was retained in their bodies (45.1 +/- 19.3 mg N/kg body weight). When another group of men were fed a sweet-potato diet (81.1 mg N/kg body weight for 8 d followed by a low protein sweet-potato diet containing only 42 mg N/kg body weight with 50 kcal/kg body weight for 14 d, nitrogen true digestibility and net protein utilization increased and their nitrogen balance showed no significant change (-11.0 +/- 5.6 mg N/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

The utilization of urea nitrogen was examined in 10 healthy adult men from a village near Lufa, in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The staple diet of these men was sweet potatoes. [15N]urea was used as tracer for urea released into their intestinal tracts and the utilization of the urea-N was estimated from the trend of 15N. The men were orally given [15N]urea at the beginning of the study and then their daily protein intake, serum protein levels, 15N excretion in the feces and urine, 15N retention in the whole body and 15N incorporation into serum protein were examined. Their daily protein intake (32.2 +/- 8.6 g/day) was low, but their serum protein level (8.05 +/- 0.41 g/100 ml) was within the normal range. 15N retention in the whole body on day 3 was estimated to be 35.4 +/- 20.2% of the total amount administered, calculated from the recoveries in the feces (1.64 +/- 0.85%) and urine (63.0 +/- 20.5%) on days 1-3. The utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders was confirmed from the finding of 15N incorporation into serum proteins on day 3 (0.008 +/- 0.005 atom% excess). This incorporation was negatively correlated with the urinary nitrogen excretion and serum protein level. This correlation suggests that Papua New Guinea highlanders with low urinary nitrogen excretion or a low level in serum protein, who are in a poor state of protein nutrition, tend to utilize more urea nitrogen for the synthesis of serum protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of feed restriction and switching the diet on proteinuria in male Wistar rats.

The effects of different dietary regimens on proteinuria in aging male Wistar rats were examined. When rats were given 50% restricted diets from the weanling and young adult (80-days-old) period, they excreted a physiologically normal level of less than 10 mg/day of urinary protein throughout life, and the electrophoretic pattern of their excreted proteins was also normal. This effect of dietary restriction in preventing proteinuria was due to simultaneous restrictions of total energy and protein intake. When rats of middle age (430-days-old) suffering from proteinuria were given 50% restricted diets, their urinary protein excretion decreased rapidly to 20 mg/day, but not further, and then the electrophoretic pattern of their excreted proteins was similar to that of rats with proteinuria. Results on the effect of switching from a commercial diet to 20% casein diet given ad libitum suggested that proteinuria in aging rats may be prevented by dietary control of certain nutrients besides total energy and/or protein intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Endogenous nitrogen excretion in male highlanders of Papua New Guinea.

Endogenous nitrogen excretion was examined in highlanders of Papua New Guinea. Eight highlanders were fed a semisynthetic protein-free diet with about 49 kcal/kg of energy for 11 days. At the end of this period they excreted 29.2 +/- 4.0 mg N/kg of urinary nitrogen and 13.9 +/- 2.5 mg N/kg of fecal nitrogen per day. When the values were expressed per basal metabolic rate (BMR), they were 1.25 +/- 0.19 mg N/kcal BMR for urine and 0.59 +/- 0.08 mg N/kcal BMR for feces. The total amount was calculated as 43.1 +/- 4.3 mg N/kg (1.84 +/- 0.18 mg N/kcal BMR). Endogenous urinary nitrogen excretion in highlanders was the lowest so far reported; the effects of ethnic and nutritional backgrounds on obligatory urinary N loss were examined but no clear explanation was found for the highlanders' low value.

Adult↗