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Biomedical subjects

T Robillard

Publications and source records attributed to T Robillard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Universal newborn hearing screening.

Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in approximately 1-2 infants per 1000. Left undetected, hearing impairments in infants can negatively impact speech and language acquisition, academic achievement, social and emotional development. These negative impacts can be diminished and even eliminated through early intervention at or before 6 months of age. Reliable screening tests that minimize referral rates and maximize sensitivity and specificity are available. The goal of universal neonatal hearing screening is to maximize linguistic and communicative competence and literacy development for children who are hard of hearing or deaf. Audiologic and medical evaluations should be in progress before 3 months of age. Infants with confirmed hearing loss should receive intervention before 6 months of age from health care and education professionals with expertise in hearing loss and deafness in infants and young children.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Management of nasal polyposis.

These guidelines are modified from the recent EAACI Position Paper. Nasal polyposis is characterized by an inflammatory process, the factors of which are summarized. Recently, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins have been identified to modify the disease. A classification system for polyps, grading systems and epidemiologic data are given, frequent comorbidities are discussed. The diagnostic management is based on endoscopy and CT scanning. A score of severity is proposed. The therapeutic management consists of the medical treatment options, which are given with evidence-based recommendations. Surgical treatment is indicated after failure of medical treatment and commonly performed by endoscopy. Nevertheless medical therapy must be continued after surgery to prevent recurrences. Algorithms of decision are finally proposed [corrected]

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

[A case of very late malignant degeneration of pleomorphic adenoma].

Incomplete excision of a pleomorphic adenoma exposes to a high risk of recurrence and tumor spread, making secondary surgery more difficult or a malignant transformation with a poor vital prognosis likely. Three histological types of pleomorphic adenomas can be observed when the tumor undergoes a transformation, namely the carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma, the true malignant mixed tumor and the benign metastasizing mixed tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Hearing aids: statistical study and satisfaction survey of patients in an ENT practice.

The present study is a report on a group of hearing-impaired patients all of whom received prescriptions for hearing aids. The lessons learned are the following: only two out of three patients followed up on their prescriptions. "Behind the ear" hearing aids (BTE) were the type most often fitted (79%) against a much lower number of "in the ear" hearing aids (ITE). Binaural fitting has become more widespread since coverage for two aids has been approved by the insurers. The patient is globally satisfied with his hearing aid. However, one out of two is dissatisfied with his auditory correction in a group conversation situation and this in spite of bilateral fittings. Further verification of the efficacy of stereoacoustic amplification is recommended as well as greater care in the initial programming of the aid. An increase in the marketing and sales of ITE prostheses is advisable thereby perhaps attracting hearing aid candidates otherwise reticent to wear conventional BTE type aids.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1992

[Correlation of scanning and surgical findings in cholesteatoma].

Correlation between CT-scan and peroperative findings in 37 cases out of 71 cholesteatoma is investigated. This correlation is good for lesions localized in the attic and atrium, for those of the malleus and incus, and the lateral semicircular canal. The CT-scan confirms the diagnosis of cholesteatoma, delineates the spread and serves as a guideline for surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative studies of thr bibliographic impact of European and American ENT reviews].

The authors investigate the bibliographic impact factor of twelve American and European journals in 1986. Three American journals have the best impact factor: The Laryngoscope 1,531 citations items, Archives of Otolaryngology 1,367 and Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology 1,194. European journals remain far behind. The authors analyse the reason of this scientific success (English language, numerous but short items, large editorial board, commercial sponsoring, strict instructions for authors, special numbers, regular issue and low prices). An European journal is only possible as an association of current journals or as a new and original one (Digest journal composed of selected articles or summaries within Europe).

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1988

[Cytomegalovirus and acquired congenital deafness].

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is nowadays a frequent causal agent in pediatric acquired hearing loss and should become the principal one in the next few years. CMV is a herpes like virus. Eighty percent of all adults are carriers of this virus in the salivary glands, without any symptom. In the pregnant women, CMV can act by reactivation and give a placental and foetal infection. The pregnant woman is generally asymptomatic when infected. In the infant, besides death in utero, the CMV can produce two clinical types. Ten percent of the congenitally infected infants presented symptoms at birth. In a quarter of them the clinical picture is a severe ictero-hemorrhagic syndrome with infaust prognosis. Most often the clinical picture is an incomplete syndrome with serious neurological, hepatic, developmental, ophthalmic and auditory sequelae. The subclinical form represents 90% of the infected infants. Normal at birth, about 20% of these develop hypoacusis. During the antenatal period, a rise in titre in serologic examination signals a reactivation of the virus. At birth, the diagnosis is by cytodiagnosis and the identification of specific foetal CMV antibodies. The postnatal diagnosis--the most frequent for the otolaryngologist--is based on the concommitant raised titers in both mother and child and/or the presence of other neurological or ophthalmic signs by the child. The prevention is practically impossible. Many medical treatments are studied and nowadays the follow up of a high risk group seems to remain the best attitude.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1987

A clinical correlation between hypozincemia and tinnitus.

We examined a group of 115 patients suffering from tinnitus and have attempted to find a statistically significant correlation between the tinnitus experienced and low blood zinc levels (hypozincemia). No particular correlation could be made between the nature of the tinnitus experienced and hypozincemia except for the continuation of head noises, these being more frequently associated with hypozincemia when they are intermittent. Two hypotheses of pathogenesis are proposed to explain this phenomenon and are based on the importance of zinc to the syntheses of enzymes and proteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment of tinnitus. What hope of recovery? What therapeutic method?].

Global therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment of 100 patients with tinnitus. Characteristics of the affection were studied and different therapies applied. After a mean follow up of 4 months, marked improvement was noted in symptomatology in 33% of cases, including 8% of patients indicating total disappearance of tinnitus or its marked reduction. Efficacy of most treatments, notably medication, is open to doubt, while electrophysiological means such as percutaneous and transtympanic electrical stimulation possess specific indications. The need for basic studies of the physiopathology of tinnitus, as well as for extensive multicentre clinical trials to assess the different therapeutic methods used, is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The zinc sulfate overload test in patients suffering from tinnitus associated with low serum zinc. Preliminary report].

This work studies the efficiency of the zinc overloading in the treatment of patients suffering from tinnitus with hypozincemia. The authors have positive results about 52% of cases: in 15% there was a good amelioration and in 37% there was a little but significant amelioration of their symptoms. The authors have also found on that this type treatment with zinc of overloading is more efficient in males than in females. It is also more efficient in types of tinnitus of a continuous character than in other types.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of carotid body tumors].

The authors report their experience of three cases of carotid corpuscle tumors: two are bilateral and pertaining to the same family, one of them is associated with a bilateral tympano-jugular glomus. First they review the epidemiology and definitions of such tumors and then they develop the various clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of these tumors. They insist on the necessity of a CT scan examination and of an angiography. They give their experience of the preoperative embolization of the tumour vessels. They expose various aspects of the surgical technique, pointing out the interest of a large access, the need of a regular surgery and the necessary collaboration between head and neck surgeons and vascular surgeons. Finally they discuss the opportuneness to operate bilateral glomic tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Treatment of tinnitus by electrical stimulation of the ear].

After a short historic review of the electrical stimulation in the treatment of tinnitus, the authors recall the fundamental principles of the bases of this therapy. Following the evolution of their ideas on this subject, they present the principles and methods of many different types of stimulation: (Transtympanic, sinusoidal, transcutaneus, auriculotherapy). They also discuss the results of their efficiency which ranges between 10 to 40%. The authors then reached an agreed upon opinion that the transtympanic electrical stimulation in square positive waves which ables them to obtain in nearly 60% of patients a positive effect, and in 23% a long term results is the most preferable one till now. They finally exposed a personal case in which the implantation of a permanent stimulation electrode was needed to be undergone, this is restricted to patients who suffer from unbearable tinnitus with profound deafness.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1985

[Mediastinal tracheotomy in cervicofacial oncologic surgery. Contribution of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap].

Four cases of anterior mediastinal tracheostomy with myocutaneous Pectoralis Major flap are described. Resection of the manubrium, clavicular heads and the cartilages of the first and second ribs is necessary. The use of myocutaneous Pectoralis Major flap give good functional results. No infection or hemorrhage of mediastinal great vessels occurred. The indications of Anterior mediastinal tracheostomy are discussed. Stomal and peristomal recurrences following laryngectomy for carcinoma represents the indication of choice. Stomal recurrences are difficult to treat and the prognostic is poor. Prevention of the stomal recurrences is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Usefulness and limitations of sinus echography in the child.

The authors report their preliminary experience in B-mode maxillary sinus echography. The experience takes into account a series of 52 sinuses of children under 10. The study revealed that maxillary sinus echography is a rapid, harmless and quite specific method (i.e. a method which reports few false positives when the existence of possible artifactual echoes is not disregarded), sensitive for secretions, less sensitive for polyps and mucosal thickenings, mainly posterior ones. The method is hampered by the presence of the anterior bone wall, which creates artifacts and thus false positives; yet, it is probably in the child where this handicap is the smallest since normally, in the child, the bone wall is the thinnest. Echography appears to be a really complementary method for radiology, but--according to this preliminary experience, at least--it cannot still pretend to act as a substitute for it. The reproducibility of the method and its reliability, among others in relation to sinusoscopy, are still to be investigated with more accuracy.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Personal experience with a myocutaneous flap of the greater pectoralis muscle in reconstructive cervicofacial surgery. Apropos of 27 flaps].

The authors review 27 pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps in head and neck cancer surgery. The indications and applications are discussed. Some technical aspects are pointed out. The results are analyzed and compared with data in the published literature. Because of its numerous advantages, the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap does establish a real progress in the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Management to prevent high-sited recurrence of pharyngo-laryngeal cancers.

The development of reconstructional techniques in cervico-facial surgery has led to the proposal of surgical solutions, in conjunction with radiotherapy, for the extensive epidermoid carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx that were formerly rejected by the surgeon. However these stage III or IV epidermoid carcinomas carry a heavy proportion of "high" recurrences, i.e. situated in the parapharyngeal, oropharyngeal and rhinopharyngeal regions. The reasons for this are: the lymphatic continuity between the oro- and hypopharynx and the parapharyngeal regions and the base of the skull; the limitation of neck dissections higher up at the tip of the mastoid and the lower parotid border; the limitation of postoperative irradiation directed upwards. Therefore for these lesions we propose an extended therapeutic programme comprising pre-operative chemotherapy based on cisplatinum, bleomycin and methotrexate, an adequately wide surgical resection followed by reconstruction and an irradiation extending upwards by two lateral fields to the oropharynx, the rhinopharynx and the parapharynx.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗