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Biomedical subjects

T Rubio

Publications and source records attributed to T Rubio.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Tuberculous otomastoiditis in children.

We report three cases of tuberculous otomastoiditis in children. Review of the literature, with particular emphasis on the ten other cases reported since 1960, discloses that this form of tuberculosis is most frequent in infants and young children. All too often, the diagnosis is made too late, with resulting complications such as irreversible hearing loss and facial nerve paralysis. Antituberculous medication and surgical drainage controlled the infection in all 13 cases diagnosed since 1960. Tests for tuberculosis in children with chronic ear infection should be mandatory, but periodic testing of all children is recommended.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreak of fatal arsenic poisoning caused by contaminated drinking water.

An outbreak of subacute poisoning occurred among nine members of a family; eight were ill with gastrointestinal symptoms, four developed encephalopathy, and two died. Abnormal liver function tests and leukopenia were common laboratory findings. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations traced the source of arsenic exposure to a farm well with water containing 108 ppm arsenic. The soil adjacent to the well was also contaminated with arsenic, possibly from waste pesticide. Presumably, arsenic gained access to the well through obvious leaks in the well's casing. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported outbreak of fatal arsenic poisoning from contaminated drinking water and one of few instances where illness followed exposure to a toxic substance which was disposed of, or possibly disposed of, in an indiscriminate manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the immunologic cross-reactivity of aztreonam in patients with cystic fibrosis who are allergic to penicillin and/or cephalosporin antibiotics.

The immunogenicity, allergenicity, and cross-reactivity of aztreonam were investigated in 19 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. Skin tests with benzyl-penicilloyl polylysine (BPO), minor determinant mixture, and the drug responsible for the previous allergic reaction were positive for 26%, 53%, and 79% of the patients, respectively. Serum IgG, but not IgE, antibodies to BPO were detected in nine of 14 patients. Eighteen patients whose skin tests with aztreonam were negative were treated. One developed bronchospasm. The others tolerated aztreonam, with an improvement in clinical score greater than or equal to 1 month after treatment (P less than .001). One patient without previous exposure had positive aztreonam skin tests and was later treated uneventfully after iv desensitization. Treatment with aztreonam did not result in IgG or IgE antibody responses in vitro. However, two patients had anaphylactic reactions on reexposure. In patients with CF, allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is primarily drug-specific. But despite reduced immunogenicity and cross-reactivity, aztreonam should be administered cautiously to patients with CF who are allergic to other beta-lactam antibiotics because it is potentially allergenic with repeated use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanisms of hypertension in obesity].

Obesity is a chronic disease, considered to be an important risk factor in the development of coronary disease, hypertension, renal insufficiency and failure. Obesity contributes to hypertension by mechanisms such as: insulinic resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, increase of adrenergic activity and of concentrations of aldosterone, retention of sodium and water and increase of cardiac wear, alteration of the endothelial function, through molecules such as leptin and adiponectin and genetic factors. Many paths of research remain open. The angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and/or the angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA II) are first choice medicines because of their beneficial effect on insulinic resistance and sympathetic activity.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Progress in the control of HIV infection and AIDS in Navarre, 1985-2003].

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection and AIDS in Navarre in 2003 is reviewed. Up until December 2003, 1,610 HIV infections had been diagnosed in residents of Navarre, of whom 41% had died. The new diagnoses of HIV fell by some 81% between 1993 and 2003, a year in which 28 cases were diagnosed (4.8 per 100,000 inhabitants). The fall basically occurred in infections in injection drug users, since the cases due to sexual transmission had remained stable. Over half of the infections diagnosed in the period 2000-2003 (58%) were attributable to heterosexual transmission, 18% occurred in parenteral drug users and 12% in homosexual men. Thirty-three percent were persons originally from other countries. The incidence of AIDS fell from 75 cases in 1996 to 20 in 2003, and mortality from 65 to 8 cases, respectively. In the 2000-2003 period, the average annual incidence of AIDS was 4.2 per 100,000 inhabitants and the average annual rate of mortality was 1.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. At the end of 2003, there were 902 living persons with a diagnosis of HIV monitored by the health system (1.6 known infections per 1,000 inhabitants). In 2003, 65% of the youths aged between 15 and 29 referred to coital sexual relations, a higher percentage than in previous years, but their level of information on the prevention of AIDS was acceptable. It is necessary to insist on prevention and to adapt this to the new situation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal invagination in the adult secondary to jejunal lipoma].

Small bowel intussusception is an unusual pathology in the adult. Most commonly, it is secondary to intestinal wall organic disorders. A complete small bowel obstruction is the most frequent clinical presentation, which requires emergency surgery in many cases. The preoperative diagnosis is infrequent. The best treatment is surgical resection.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Abdominal tuberculosis].

Abdominal tuberculosis develops according to a non-specific clinical picture, with a difficult differential diagnosis with respect to other entities of similar semiology. We present the case of a male who was admitted because of abdominal pain, progressive and notable loss of body weight and a fever of two months evolution. The culture from the colon biopsy showed the presence of Koch bacilli.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Non-invasive home mechanical ventilation in the COPD patient].

BACKGROUND: The potential benefits of non-invasive mechanical breathing in clinically stable COPD patients are still not well known, nor have they been sufficiently studied. We evaluate whether non-invasive mechanical ventilation is beneficial to these patients. METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out evaluating the application of non-invasive home mechanical ventilation (BIPAP), during the nocturnal rest in 23 COPD patients, who presented hypercapnia in basal arterial gasometry during clinical stability. Clinical, gasometric and spirometric evaluations were carried out 3, 6 and 12 months after initiating this therapy. Similarly, an evaluation was made of the number of admissions due to worsening of the underlying respiratory pathology during one year. Results. The patients included in the study had an average age of 68.83 years. Sixty point nine percent (60.9%) presented a severe degree of COPD. Sixty-nine point six percent (69.6%) of the total sample had previously received continuous oxygenotherapy at home; 75% of them presented severe or very severe COPD. During the period of time of the study a fall was recorded in the number of hospital admissions due to worsening (0.61+/-0.15 annual admissions on average) with respect to the period of time prior to the non-invasive mechanical ventilation (1.07+/-0.16 admissions on average), with greater benefits obtained by those who had previously shown a higher number of admissions and those with associated comorbidity. A reduction was also appreciated in the arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the majority of cases, principally those who at the start of the study presented a PaCO2>63.32 mm of Hg; this improvement was appreciated from the first three months of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum].

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (defined by the presence of free air in the mediastinum) is an infrequent entity that is presented in the absence of diseases or precipitating factors. It generally affects young and healthy males. Thoracic pain, dyspnea, or both, are the most frequent symptoms. Other signs and symptoms are subcutaneous emphysema and Hamman's sign. Simple radiography of the thorax allows for the diagnosis in a high percentage of patients. Conservative treatment is indicated in these patients and has a favourable prognosis. Relapses are infrequent.

Adolescent↗