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Biomedical subjects

T Rudolph

Publications and source records attributed to T Rudolph.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Influence of applied quantity of sunscreen products on the sun protection factor--a multicenter study organized by the DGK Task Force Sun Protection.

It is often debated that the protection against solar-induced erythema under real conditions is dependent upon the amount of sunscreen applied. It is believed that when too little is applied a lower sun protection than indicated on the label will result. The aim of this study was to quantify this effect. In this multicenter study, the influence of three different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/cm(2)) of three commercial sunscreen products in three reliable test centers was investigated according to the test protocol of The International Sun Protection Factor Test Method. The main result was a linear dependence of the SPF on the quantity applied. Taking into consideration the volunteer-specific variations, an exponential dependence of confidence interval of the in vivo SPF and amount applied was found. The highest amount applied (2.0 mg/cm(2)) was linked to the lowest confidence intervals. Thus, from the point of view of producing reliable and reproducible in vivo results under laboratory conditions, the recommendation of this multicenter study is an application quantity of 2.0 mg/cm(2).

Confidence Intervals↗
PubMed2006

Transfer of the tendon of latissimus dorsi for the treatment of massive tears of the rotator cuff: a new single-incision technique.

We describe 14 patients who underwent transfer of latissimus dorsi using a new technique through a single-incision. Their mean age was 61 years (47 to 76) and the mean follow-up was 32 months (19 to 42). The mean Constant score improved from 46.5 to 74.6 points. The mean active flexion increased from 119 degrees to 170 degrees , mean abduction from 118 degrees to 169 degrees and mean external rotation from 19 degrees to 33 degrees . The Hornblower sign remained positive in three patients (23%) as did the external rotation lag sign also in three patients (23%). No patient had a positive drop-arm sign at follow-up. No significant difference was noted between the mean pre- and postoperative acromiohumeral distance as seen on radiographs. An increased grade of osteoarthritis was found in three patients (23%). Electromyographic analysis showed activity of the transferred muscle in all patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Experimental one-way quantum computing.

Standard quantum computation is based on sequences of unitary quantum logic gates that process qubits. The one-way quantum computer proposed by Raussendorf and Briegel is entirely different. It has changed our understanding of the requirements for quantum computation and more generally how we think about quantum physics. This new model requires qubits to be initialized in a highly entangled cluster state. From this point, the quantum computation proceeds by a sequence of single-qubit measurements with classical feedforward of their outcomes. Because of the essential role of measurement, a one-way quantum computer is irreversible. In the one-way quantum computer, the order and choices of measurements determine the algorithm computed. We have experimentally realized four-qubit cluster states encoded into the polarization state of four photons. We characterize the quantum state fully by implementing experimental four-qubit quantum state tomography. Using this cluster state, we demonstrate the feasibility of one-way quantum computing through a universal set of one- and two-qubit operations. Finally, our implementation of Grover's search algorithm demonstrates that one-way quantum computation is ideally suited for such tasks.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Survey of the provision of prophylactic dental care for horses in Great Britain and Ireland between 1999 and 2002.

A survey of 854 horse owners, trainers and equestrian managers in 10 regions of Great Britain and Ireland showed that 83 per cent provided their horses with routine prophylactic dental care at fixed intervals, including 49 per cent at intervals of 12 months and 30 per cent at intervals of six months; a further 10 per cent provided it only when they felt it was required and 7 per cent did not provide it at all. Overall, 44 per cent of the owners had their horse's wolf teeth (first premolar) extracted routinely; when prophylactic dentistry was provided, it was carried out solely by equine dental technicians (EDTS) for 53 per cent of owners, solely by veterinarians for 35 per cent, by both EDTS or veterinarians for 10 per cent of owners and by other than veterinarians or EDTS for 1 per cent. There was confusion among some horse owners concerning the qualifications of the EDTS, because no recognised British qualification was available until towards the end of this survey in 2001. Several reasons were cited by owners for choosing between veterinarians and EDTS including their perceived qualifications, personal recommendations, costs, the availability of a wide range of dental equipment and sedation, and the time and effort devoted to the procedures.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2003

[Pathogenesis of therapy refractory ulcus cruris].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The most common cause of leg ulcers ischronic venous insufficiency (CVI), found in 70-80% of cases. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of chronic, non-healing leg ulcers in inpatients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 101 patients with leg ulcers admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of the Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, were examined. Standardized diagnostic procedures were used to search for CVI, arterial disease, vasculitis, polyneuropathy and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: CVI was found in 95% of the patients. Only 17% had isolated venous disease. In most patients we found a combination of two or more possible etiologic agents; most commonly (92%) arterial plus venous disease. Arterial disease was confirmed in 74% of the patients. A combination of 3 etiologic factors was found in 27%. CONCLUSION: Non-healing leg ulcers are likely to have multiple etiologies. Thus extensive and complete diagnostic approaches are mandatory.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Fibrinogen adsorption--a new treatment option for venous leg ulcers?

The initial element in the causation of venous ulceration is a disturbance of venous blood flow that leads to an increase in venous pressure. Eventually, however, it is the microcirculatory consequences of venous hypertension that lead to trophic skin changes and finally to ulceration. A reduction in blood viscosity results in an improvement at the microcirculatory level. The elimination of fibrinogen from plasma improves blood viscosity. This case report concerns a 75-year-old woman with venous ulcers of both legs (left lower leg: deep ulceration with a surface area of 3 x 5 cm; right lower leg: superficial, confluent ulceration with a total surface area of 5 x 10 cm). The patient underwent 20 sessions of fibrinogen adsorption, while simultaneously continuing with a regimen of conservative measures (activated charcoal cloth dressing with silver, calcium alginate dressings and short-stretch compression bandages). Following binding to a peptide (Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Lys), fibrinogen and fibrin were specifically removed from the patient's plasma: her fibrinogen concentration was lowered from an original mean level of 310 mg/dl (SD +/- 104 mg/dl) to 136 mg/dl (SD +/- 54 mg/dl), and there was no return to the baseline concentration by the time of the next fibrinogen adsorption session. In response to this treatment the patient's ulcers healed rapidly within 9 weeks. Dizziness and hematomas at the vascular access sites in both antecubital fossae were reported as adverse effects. A fall in hematocrit was also noted (before treatment 37% +/- 1%; after treatment 35% +/- 2%). This may have been caused by hemodilution due to the procedure and to cell losses during blood-plasma separation, a phenomenon that is known to occur during apheresis. This case report suggests that fibrinogen adsorption is low in adverse effects and is a useful addition to the range of treatments available for ulcers of venous etiology.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the NucliSens CMV pp67 assay for detection and monitoring of human cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Preemptive treatment based on the sensitive detection of CMV-DNA has helped to reduce HCMV-related mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Detection of active viral replication might help to better predict HCMV disease. In this study, 33 recipients at risk for HCMV infection after allogeneic SCT were prospectively monitored 1x/week for active HCMV infection by NASBA, whole blood DNA-PCR and virus culture assays. Preemptive antiviral therapy was initiated after the second positive PCR result, while NASBA results were not considered for clinical decision-making. Overall, a high agreement between PCR and NASBA on a per sample (85.3%) and per patient (87.9%) level was demonstrated. HCMV DNA titers in the blood were found to be higher in PCR(+)/NASBA(+) compared to PCR(+)/NASBA(-) samples (P < 0.01). None of the NASBA-negative patients developed HCMV disease. Sixteen of 18 patients receiving PCR-based preemptive therapy were also found NASBA positive. There was no difference between the assays for the time to the first positive test result. However, the time to the first negative test result upon initiation of antiviral therapy was significantly shorter for the NASBA assay (P = 0.002), indicating a high positive predictive value to assess the efficacy of antiviral therapy. Three patients developed late-onset HCMV disease, all of whom were found to be PCR and NASBA positive. In conclusion, the data presented clearly demonstrate the value of patient monitoring using the NASBA assay to early diagnose active HCMV infection and to assess the efficacy of antiviral therapy in high risk patients after allogeneic SCT. A prospective comparison of PCR-based vs NASBA-based preemptive therapy is ongoing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Requirement of optical coherence for continuous-variable quantum teleportation.

We show that the sender and the receiver each require coherent devices in order to achieve unconditional continuous variable quantum teleportation (CVQT), and this requirement cannot be achieved with conventional laser sources, linear optics, ideal photon detectors, and perfect Fock state sources. The appearance of successful CVQT in recent experiments is due to interpreting the measurement record fallaciously in terms of one preferred ensemble (or decomposition) of the correct density matrix describing the state. Our analysis is unrelated to technical problems such as laser phase drift or finite squeezing bandwidth.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Better schemes for quantum interrogation in lossy experiments.

We show that several schemes exist for improving the efficiency of quantum interrogations (or "interaction-free" measurements), which in principle are limited by lossy experimental components. We show how one new scheme (the "Helstrom" scheme) can efficiently detect the presence of a bomb which has been designed to foil standard quantum interrogations by arming itself when there is high probability of a photon being in the region. This particular new scheme can probe a region of space with a greater probability of success than a person in that region determining they are being probed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Conversion of vitamin D3 to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human skin equivalents.

These results demonstrate for the first time that human keratinocytes under in vivo-like conditions have the capacity of the enzymatic hydroxylation of vitamin D3 to hormonally active calcitriol (1alpha,25(OH)2D3). Supplementation of the culture medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA) up to 1.5%) (w/v) amplifies the conversion of vitamin D3 to 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. The maximum turnover rate of this reaction at 780 nM vitamin D3 in presence of 1.0% (w/v) BSA amounts to approximately 3 pmol 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 per 10(6) cells after 6 h of incubation. The hydroxylation of vitamin D3 to 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 is inhibited by the P-450 oxidase inhibitor ketoconazole. The generation of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 from vitamin D3 has an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of 2.3x10(-6) M. The intrinsic conversion of vitamin D3 to biologically active 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 may be of importance for the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2000

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil.

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1 mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether) analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Dermatomyositis with the features of inclusion body myositis associated with carcinoma of the bladder.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a unique category of inflammatory myopathy. It is characterized histologically by the presence of muscle fibres with rimmed vacuoles and abnormal intracellular accumulations of proteins. We report here a 62-year-old patient with bladder carcinoma, where the signs of IBM overlapped with clinical features of dermatomyositis (DM). A combination of cutaneous changes typical for DM with histological and other features of IBM is exceedingly rare, and has not been previously addressed in dermatological literature. To the best of our knowledge this is also the first description of the association of DM/IBM with internal malignancy.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1999

Monitoring of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) in canned fish in oil.

A survey at the European levels was initiated on the quantification of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) in canned fish in oil in order to assess the exposure of BADGE. A total of 382 canned fish sample were collected from all 15 Member States and Switzerland and analysed for BADGE in fish. The fish was extracted first with hexane and reextracted with acetonitrile, followed by a membrane filtration and reverse phase HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection. The analysis of the fish showed that about 3% of the samples contained BADGE at a level above 1 mg/kg. The samples exceeding the limit by a larger margin were mostly from anchovy cans and cans manufactured in 1991-1995.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes infection. Results of an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The Valaciclovir International Herpes Simplex Virus Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Valaciclovir, the L-valine ester prodrug of acyclovir, is much better absorbed than acyclovir and produces acyclovir exposures three to five times those attainable with the parent drug. GOALS: To determine whether the improved bioavailability of valaciclovir and a more convenient, less frequent dose regimen can maintain the clinical efficacy previously demonstrated for acyclovir. STUDY DESIGN: This was an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing 10-day regimens of valaciclovir (1000 mg, twice daily) and acyclovir (200 mg, 5 times daily) in the treatment of 643 otherwise healthy adults (> or = 18 years of age) with first-episode genital herpes. Patients were evaluated clinically and lesions were staged and cultured on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and then twice weekly until healed. Blood for herpes serology tests was obtained on days 1 and 14; hematology and chemistry toxicity screening was done on days 1 and 7. RESULTS: Valaciclovir and acyclovir did not differ significantly in efficacy with respect to duration of viral shedding (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.18), time to healing (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92-1.27), duration of pain (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.85-1.18), and time to loss of all symptoms (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.85-1.22). Patients with primary genital herpes (no preexisting antibody to either herpes simplex virus type at enrollment with seroconversion at day 14) had longer times to healing and longer duration of viral shedding and pain than patients with nonprimary first genital episodes. Adverse experiences were generally infrequent and mild and were comparable in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Twice-daily valaciclovir proved as effective and well tolerated in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes as five-times-daily acyclovir. Valaciclovir provides a useful alternative to acyclovir with the advantage of a more convenient dosing regimen and the potential for improved compliance.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1990

["Implant"--software for the documentation of statement and course in the special dentist hour consultation of implantology].

A programsystem is presented which supports the attending physician on entering symptoms of clinical and paraclinical parameters. The system runs on personal computer with Z-80 CPU under dBASE II. The program consists of six parts: 1. simple patient data, 2. oral documentation, 3. diagnostical base program, 4. sketch of therapeutics, 5. dispensaire documentation. It aims on the reduction on routine work (e. g. data in- and output) and simple statistical analysis (view of success of several implantationsystems).

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed1989

O2 uptake in bled dogs after resuscitation with hypertonic saline or hydroxyethylstarch.

Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were measured for the whole body and isolated hindlimb of anesthetized dogs during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock, using a small volume of hypertonic saline or a larger volume of hydroxyethylstarch. Twelve dogs were bled and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg for 30 min. Six dogs were then infused with 7.5% NaCl in 5 ml/kg hydroxyethylstarch (HTS group), and six received 6% hydroxyethylstarch alone (HES group) in an amount to approximate the maximum MAP achieved with hypertonic saline. Hypertonic saline replacement was approximately 16% of shed blood volume compared with 66% for hydroxyethylstarch. With hypertonic saline, cardiac output returned to base line, but O2 delivery did not. Hydroxyethylstarch increased cardiac output above base line, and O2 delivery was near base line. O2 uptake with hydroxyethylstarch peaked at 40% above control at 10 min of resuscitation. Excess O2 uptake in recovery was higher than O2 deficit in hemorrhage with the HES group but not with the HTS group. In the isolated hindlimb, vascular resistance decreased rapidly on hypertonic saline infusion but reached similar levels at 10 min of resuscitation with both fluids. With progressive lowering of blood flow to the pump-perfused hindlimb, ability of limb muscle to extract O2 was the same for the HTS and HES groups. With hemodilution by volume replacement with acellular fluid after hemorrhage, a seemingly adequate cardiac output and arterial pressure may be underresuscitation if O2 delivery does not meet the increased O2 demand.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of central-venous to mixed-venous oxygen saturation during changes in oxygen supply/demand.

Because central venous O2 saturation (superior vena cava, ScvO2) can be monitored with less patient risk than mixed venous O2 saturation (pulmonary artery, SvO2), we examined the correlations between SvO2 and ScvO2 over a broad range of cardiorespiratory conditions, including hypoxia, hemorrhage, and resuscitation in anesthetized dogs. The correlation coefficient (r) between SvO2 and ScvO2 in 179 simultaneously drawn blood samples from 22 dogs was 0.97. In another nine dogs, the two sites were continuously and simultaneously monitored with fiberoptic catheters; r was 0.96 with a mean difference of 3.7 +/- 2.9 percent (SD) saturation. In each dog the changes in ScvO2 closely paralleled the changes in SvO2. Although absolute values of ScvO2 are not sufficiently identical to SvO2 to calculate O2 uptake or pulmonary shunt precisely, close tracking of changes in the two sites across a wide range of hemodynamic conditions warrant further consideration of ScvO2 for patient monitoring of trends in O2 supply/demand.

Animals↗