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Biomedical subjects

T S Foster

Publications and source records attributed to T S Foster.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Evaluation of two lithium carbonate formulations.

An open, two-way crossover study of Latin-square design was used to compare the bioavailability of a new capsular formulation of lithium carbonate, Pfi-Lithium (Pfipharmecs Division, Pfizer, Inc.), with that of standard capsular formulation, Eskalith (Smith Kline & French Laboratories). Eighteen healthy, adult male volunteers received both formulations in a randomly determined order. After administration of each 300-mg dose of lithium carbonate, serial blood specimens were obtained. Data obtained from these specimens were subjected to pharmacokinetic evaluation. There were no significant differences (p less than 0.05) in peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve. These single-dose suggested that the two formulations were bioequivalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The in vitro metabolism of lindane by an enzyme preparation from chicken liver.

The soluble fraction (105,000 x g, 30 min) of chicken liver homogenates contained an enzyme(s), probably a dehydrochlorinase(s), which metabolized lindane in vitro. The reaction was glutathione dependent and took place anaerobically. The enzyme(s) also metabolized the alpha- and delta-isomers but not the beta-isomer. About 66% of the in vitro metabolites were soluble in petroleum ether. From the ether-soluble fraction, o-, p- amd m-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohex-1-ene (gamma-PCCH), 2,3- and 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were identified by comparison of mass spectra and gas chromatographic data with those of reference compounds. Seven additional metabolites were tentatively identified from their mass spectra data. These metabolites were: chlorobenzene, 2 isomers of trichlorocyclohexene, dichlorocyclohexadienetriol, chlorophenol, trichlorocyclohexenol and trichlorocyclohexanediol. The petroleum ether-extracted aqueous phase contained a number of unidentified conjugated metabolites. It was concluded that the metabolic pathway for lindane in the chicken is quite similar to that in the pheasant.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the taste and acceptance of three potassium chloride preparations.

The palatability and acceptance of three commercially available potassium chloride solutions were evaluated. Adult ambulatory patients routinely self-administering potassium chloride solution rate the palatability and acceptance of each preparation. An open-label, three-treatment crossover study design was used. The taste of Klorvess was rated significantly more palatable than Kaochlor (p less than 0.01) or KayCiel (p less than 0.05). Klorvess was rated significantly more acceptable if taken over a long period of time than Kaochlor (p less than 0.01) or KayCiel (p less than 0.01). The average amount consumed of all three products was 57% of the prescribed amount. The amount of Klorvess returned was significantly less than the amount of either KayCiel (p less than 0.01) or Kaochlor (p less than 0.01). The flavoring agents are described and the importance of ensuring that the patient uses an accurate measuring spoon is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind study to investigate methods to prevent cephalothin-induced phlebitis.

Methods which might be useful in preventing cephalothin-induced phlebitis following intravenous administration of the buffered drug were investigated. One hundred and twenty adult orthopedic patients were assigned randomly to either a control group or one of five treatment groups. The treatment regimens studied were: addition of hydrocortisone phosphate 10 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 1,000 units to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 500 units and hydrocortisone phosphate 1 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 1,000 units and hydrocortisone phosphate 10 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; and filtration of intravenous solutions through a 0.22-mum inline filter. All patients in the study received intravenous buffered cephalothin at a dosage of 1 g every six hours for a minimum of 48 hours. Phlebitis was assessed every 12 hours according to predetermined criteria. Significant differences were found in the incidence of phlebitis at 48 hours between the control group and the last three study groups (see above). It is concluded that postinfusion phlebitis following cephalothin administration can be reduced by the concomitant addition of heparin and hydrocortisone to the intravenous solution or by the use of an inline 0.22-mum final filter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Use of a programmable hand-held calculator for clinical pharmacokinetics.

The use of a programmable hand-held calculator for clinical pharmacokinetics is discussed. Programs for the following determinations are described: bioavailability--area under the curve; estimation of creatinine clearance; multiple dosing--one compartment, extravascular administration; and pharmacokinetics--two-compartment parameters.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1975

Bioavailability and single-dose pharmacokinetics of intramuscular phenytoin.

Comparison of phenytoin plasma concentrations in an intravenous and intramuscular crossover study in 12 healthy ambulant, male subjects indicates that phenytoin administered intramuscularly is absorbed over a period of approximately five days. A model simulating precipitation and redissolution of the drug at the injection site has been shown to satisfactorily fit observed plasma concentration data following intramuscular administration. It is proposed that this model will be useful in the selection of an appropriate dosing regimen in situations in which intramuscular administration of phenytoin is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioavailability and pain study of cefamandole nafate.

The bioavailability of parental cefamandole, nafate, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated with respect to the effects of a lidocaine diluent on its tolerability and absorption after intramuscular administration. Twelve adult male volunteers were injected with 1 Gm of cefamandole nafate in a three-way randomized, crossover study using the intravenous or the intramuscular route with cefamandole nafate in saline or in 1% lidocaine. The intramuscular injections were double blinded. Mean serum concentrations and cumulative urine outputs of cefamandole nafate were not significantly different (P > 0.05) following intramuscular administration using either the saline or lidocaine diluents. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the areas under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC). The degree of pain experienced by subjects receiving intramuscular cefamandole nafate was evaluated during 1 hour after injection using a numerical scoring system. Lidocaine diluent significantly reduced the incidence and duration of pain after cefamandole nafate injection, and this form of administration was well accepted by the subjects in the study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variation in postoperative analgesic requirements in the morbidly obese following gastric bypass surgery.

Patient-controlled analgesia is a relatively new method of administering intravenous narcotics for postoperative pain relief. The technique involves the self-administration of a given analgesic in a bolus dose with the aid of a timed infusion and sequencing device. Ten morbidity obese patients undergoing elective gastric bypass surgery were treated in a prospective, unblinded, pilot project to evaluate the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia. Analgesic therapy was satisfactory in all patients. The mean total dose of morphine sulfate administered during the first 36 hours postoperatively was 66 mg, an average of 1.7 mg/hr. There was a tenfold variation (17.5-175 mg) in the 36 hr total dose. The total dose was not related to body surface area, age, sex, dose per injection, or anesthetic agent. The large variation in individual narcotic analgesic requirements could be a major factor in the suboptimal management of postoperative pain with conventional dosing. Patient-controlled analgesia may circumvent these problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceftazidime versus tobramycin/ticarcillin in treating hospital acquired pneumonia and bacteremia.

Thirty-five patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit who had nosocomial pneumonia and bacteremia were randomly assigned to receive either ceftazidime (Cef) or the combination of ticarcillin and pharmacokinetically adjusted doses of tobramycin (T/T). Fifteen of 17 patients (88%) who received Cef were cured or improved compared to 15 of 18 (83%) who received T/T. The original pathogen was eradicated from the respiratory secretion in 10 of 15 patients receiving Cef compared to only 6 of 18 patients receiving T/T (p = 0.12). All patients in both treatment groups who had positive blood cultures cleared the organism from the bloodstream. No cases of drug toxicity, including renal toxicity, were seen in either group. Cef used as a single agent in nosocomial pneumonias and bacteremias performed at least as well as T/T.

Adult↗