PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T S Gill

Publications and source records attributed to T S Gill.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Use of the fish enzyme system in monitoring water quality: effects of mercury on tissue enzymes.

1. Rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) were exposed to 181 micrograms/l mercuric chloride for 48 h and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AIP), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (AIAT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were measured in vivo in several organs. 2. The AcP activity was inhibited in the liver, gills, kidneys, and gut but stimulated in the gonads. With the exception of kidney, the AIP activity showed an increase in all the organs examined. The AAT and AIAT were generally inhibited in different organs. An increase in LDH activity occurred in the cardiac and skeletal muscles while the AchE activity was considerably lowered in the brain, gills, and liver. 3. In vitro exposure to mercury at concentrations ranging between 10(-10) and 10(-4) M, inhibited the AIP, AAT, AIAT, LDH, and AchE activities in the tissues examined. The AcP activity was also depressed in all the tissues except in the testes, in which a marginal increase was noted. 4. The in vivo and in vitro effects of Hg were not of similar quality implying sequestration of toxic cations in the intact animals.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

Cadmium nephropathy in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius Hamilton.

Renal pathology was examined in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius, during a 12-week exposure to 500, 630, and 840 micrograms CdCl2/liter (1/25, 1/20, and 1/15 fractions of the 96-hr TLm, respectively). Multifocal tubular epithelial degeneration including severe vacuolation and nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis composed the most obvious lesions. The degenerative changes were found mainly in the proximal segments, while the distal segments and the collecting tubules and ducts remained unaffected. Collapsed and shrunken glomeruli and swollen Bowman's spaces were also frequently observed. The cadmium-exposed fish appeared heavily stressed and moribund. A comparison of the renal pathology with that of other fishes and mammals and possible mechanisms of cadmium nephropathy are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cimetidine-nicoumalone interaction in man: stereochemical considerations.

1. The cimetidine-nicoumalone interaction was studied in five subjects who received a single 10 mg oral dose of racemic nicoumalone alone and 3 days into an oral regimen of cimetidine of 200 mg three times daily and 400 mg at night. 2. The concentrations of R(+)- and S(-)-nicoumalone in plasma were measured using a stereospecific h.p.l.c assay; augmentation of prothrombin time was used as a measure of response. 3. Cimetidine increased the rate (but not extent) of absorption of both R(+)- and S(-)-nicoumalone, and reduced the clearance of R(+)-nicoumalone but not that of the S(-)-enantiomer. 4. Cimetidine increased the anticoagulant response produced by nicoumalone in some but not all subjects, despite a consistent effect on the pharmacokinetics of the oral anti-coagulant. 5. Cimetidine appears to produce its effect by stereoselectively inhibiting the elimination of R(+)-nicoumalone.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed1988

Branchial pathogenesis in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius Ham., chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium.

Effects of sublethal concentrations, 630 and 840 micrograms/liter (0.05 and 0.066 fractions of the 96-hr LC50), of cadmium chloride on the gills of a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius, were examined light microscopically during a 12-week exposure. The secondary gill lamellae showed disrupted epithelium, necrosis, accumulation of cellular debris, capillary congestion, and wilting of the pillar cell system. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of chloride cells as well as partial or complete fusion of secondary lamellae also occurred in the Cd-exposed fish. Branchial lesions together with coagulation film anoxia are likely to result in serious respiratory distress and related tissue hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Stereospecific assay of nicoumalone: application to pharmacokinetic studies in man.

1. A stereospecific h.p.l.c. assay of nicoumalone in plasma has been developed. 2. The assay was applied to a study in which 20 mg racemic nicoumalone was given orally to three volunteers and blood samples taken for 168 h. 3. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of the individual enantiomers were: clearance/bioavailability 1.28 1 h-1, R-enantiomer; 17.5 1 h-1, S-enantiomer: volume of distribution/bioavailability 12.5 1, R-enantiomer; 22.6 1, S-enantiomer: terminal half-life 6.8 h, R-enantiomer; 0.91 h, S-enantiomer. 4. The data are consistent with a substantial first-pass hepatic loss of S-nicoumalone.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocytic and leukocytic responses to cadmium poisoning in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius Ham.

Chronically sublethal concentrations of cadmium caused conspicuous hematological anomalies in the cyprinid fish, Puntius conchonius. Exposure to 0.63 and 0.84 mg/liter cadmium chloride (1/20 and 1/15 of 96-hr LC50) induced morphological aberrations in mature erythrocytes including cytoplasmic vacuolation, hypochromia, deterioration of cellular membrane, basophilic stippling of cytoplasm, clumping of chromatin material and extrusion of nuclei, and schistocytosis. Anomalous basophils and monocytes were also encountered though less frequently. Decreased erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were also associated with chronic cadmium poisoning. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume increased (30 days) but mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed no obvious change. A significant thrombocytopenia (90 days), elevated small lymphocyte and basophil populations, and a mild neutropenia were manifested in the cadmium-exposed fish. Large lymphocytes were not significantly affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of organomercurial poisoning on the peripheral blood and metabolite levels of a freshwater fish.

This work evaluated the hematological and biochemical changes in the fish, Puntius conchonius, under experimental organomercurial poisoning. Long-term (8 weeks) exposure to 3.63 and 6.03 mg/liter methoxyethyl mercuric chloride (MEMC) (0.2 and 0.33 fractions of 96-hr LC50) led to morphological aberrations in mature erythrocytes including nuclear and cytoplasmic deterioration, vacuolation, chromatin condensation, and hypochromia. Immature erythrocytes showing membrane leakage were also encountered. Erythrocyte count and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly lowered after 1 and 3 weeks followed by a marginal rise persisting upto 8 weeks. Differential leucocyte counts revealed significant thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and neutropenia. Collateral evaluation of blood glucose and tissue glycogen levels revealed significant hyperglycemia as well as glycogen depletion in liver and brain. Heart glycogen content evinced a substantial increase after 5 and 8 weeks exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cytoarchitecture of the corpuscles of Stannius in hillstream teleosts, Barilius bendelisis (Ham.) and Garra gotyla (Gray).

The teleosts, Barilius bendelisis and Garra gotyla possess corpuscles of Stannius (CS) which are discrete, encapsulated bodies lying in close proximity to the mesonephros. The corpuscular cells are arranged in anastomosing cords which are separated from each other by connective tissue septa and numerous sinusoids. Light microscopically, 2 types of secretory cells comprise the CS in these species. Majority of the corpuscular cells are stainable with AF and PAS in contrast to the nonstainable cells which evince little affinity for the dyes. The fine cytoplasmic granules contained in the stainable cells are polarized on the vascular face in Barilius bendelisis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serum haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as indicators of the effectiveness of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) in ovarian cancer patients--a preliminary report.

Twenty-one patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary were given a maximum of five courses of CDDP by i.v. infusion every 4 weeks. With one exception, the serum levels of both haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein correlate with tumour burden before therapy and at follow-up. It is suggested that a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of CDDP therapy may be obtained by estimating these serum proteins before each infusion than by an abdominal examination.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Changes in serum acute phase proteins in ovarian cancer patients receiving cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) infusion therapy.

Nine patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary were given a number of courses of Cisplatin, by I.V. infusion. In four patients a complete clinical response was observed and these patients are disease-free one year after treatment. There was no clinical response in the remaining five patients who have subsequently died. Serial determinations of three acute-phase reactant proteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin) were performed before every infusion and after therapy. Constantly high or rising serum levels of haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were associated with progression of the cancer, whereas in patients who were disease-free after therapy, these glycoproteins remained essentially in the normal range. The results suggest that serial measurements of haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein may have clinical value as aids in deciding the effectiveness of drug therapy in these patients.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Cadmium toxicity: inducement of changes in blood and tissue metabolites in fish.

The effects of acute (24 h) and chronic (90 days) cadmium (Cd) poisoning on blood and tissue metabolite levels of a teleost, Puntius conchonius were studied. Significant hyperglycemia with an increment in liver, kidney and ovary cholesterol occurred during acute Cd poisoning. By contrast, an enduring hypoglycemia and diminished levels of tissue cholesterol manifested the chronically intoxicated fish. Both acute and chronic Cd poisoning, however, caused marked hypocholesterolemia, glycogenolysis in liver and brain, and a concomitant rise in myocardium glycogen concentration. Testes cholesterol was found to be depleted after both acute and chronic (60 days) Cd poisoning.

Animals↗