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Biomedical subjects

T S Watson

Publications and source records attributed to T S Watson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Analyzing the influence of tic-related talk on vocal and motor tics in children with Tourette's syndrome.

This study examined the effect of tic-related talk on the vocal and motor tics of 2 boys with Tourette's syndrome. Using ABAB withdrawal designs, the boys were alternately exposed to conditions with and without talk of their tics. For both boys, vocal tics markedly increased when talk pertained to tics and decreased when talk did not pertain to tics, but motor tic covariance was less consistent.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Outpatient management of low-velocity gunshot-induced fractures.

This prospective study evaluated the efficacy of an outpatient management protocol for patients with a gunshot-induced fracture with a stable, nonoperative configuration. Forty-one patients (44 fractures) with a grade I or II open, nonoperative fracture secondary to a low-velocity missile comprised the study population. Patients were treated by a standard protocol, which included 1 g of cefazolin administered in the emergency room and a 7-day course of oral cephalexin. Follow-up visits were performed until complete wound and fracture healing were achieved. Thirty-two (78%) of 41 patients underwent full follow-up. Average follow-up was 5.2 months. One (2.8%) fracture (distal fibula) developed a superficial infection, which responded to an additional week of oral antibiotics, and no patient developed a deep infection. There was 1 delayed union and 2 patients with painful retained shrapnel. These results demonstrate that patients with stable, low-velocity, gunshot-induced fractures can be managed effectively and safely on an outpatient basis using this protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Treating paruresis using respondent conditioning.

This study examined the effectiveness of respondent conditioning in the treatment of a 24-year-old female exhibiting paruresis. Paruresis was defined as the inability to urinate in public restrooms with others present. The number of seconds required to initiate urination was the dependent variable. Treatment consisted of the participant first pairing a word with urination in her home bathroom, then pairing the word with urination in restrooms outside her home, and finally using the word to initiate urination in restrooms that she classified as easy, medium, and difficult places. The results of the study demonstrated that implementation of the respondent conditioning procedure was associated with a decrease in the number of seconds required to initiate urination and for enabling the participant to urinate with others present.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Periarticular injuries to the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint in athletes.

The magnitude of hallux MTP injuries can range from a mild sprain to a frank dislocation. The importance of coaches, trainers, and physicians recognizing the severity of a turf toe injury cannot be overstated. The late sequelae of hyperextension injuries can lead to retirement from professional athletics. With appropriate conservative treatment, most individuals can return to play, although many have some residual pain. Future study in this area should define the indications for acute repair versus late treatment following a period of conservative modalities. Hyper-plantarflexion injuries also can be debilitating injuries, but most respond to rest, taping, anti-inflammatories, ice, and strengthening exercises. Lastly, dislocations of the hallux MTP joint can be diagnosed and treated after physical examination and appropriate radiographs are obtained. All closed dislocations should undergo an attempt at reduction in the emergency department after adequate anesthesia is administered. The patient should be advised, especially in type I injuries, of the need for possible acute operative intervention.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Reducing wandering by persons with dementia using differential reinforcement.

Wandering behavior of 4 geriatric patients with dementia residing in a long-term care facility was assessed using direct behavioral observations. The consequences identified during the observations as maintaining wandering for each patient were then applied for the absence of wandering using differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). The effectiveness of the DRO procedure was evaluated using an ABAB design. Results indicated significant reductions in wandering during treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Brief functional analysis and treatment of a vocal tic.

This study sought to extend functional methodology to the assessment and treatment of habits. After a descriptive assessment indicated that coughing occurred while eating, a brief functional analysis suggested that social attention was the maintaining variable. Results demonstrated that treatment, derived from the assessment and analysis data, rapidly eliminated the cough. We discuss the appropriateness of using functional analysis procedures for deriving treatments for habits in a clinical setting.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

A prompt plus delayed contingency procedure for reducing bathroom graffiti.

This study assessed the effectiveness of posting signs for reducing graffiti in three men's restrooms on a college campus using a multiple baseline across settings design. During baseline, graffiti increased almost daily in each of the three settings. Immediately following the intervention, no marks were made on any of the three walls. Results were maintained at 3-month follow-up. A possible explanation for the results is that the signs specified an altruistic contingency.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effectiveness of arousal and arousal plus overcorrection to reduce nocturnal bruxism.

This study investigated the effectiveness of arousal and arousal + overcorrection to treat bruxism in a 28-year-old male with a 6-month history of bruxing and a 24-year-old female with a 3-month history of bruxing. An A-B-A-B-A-BC-A multiple baseline design across subjects with follow-ups was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Results indicated that, although arousal reduced the frequency of bruxing in both subjects, it did not completely eliminate the behavior. The addition of overcorrection to arousal resulted in a complete cessation of bruxing. The discussion focuses on the possible mechanisms of action and directions for further evaluation of the combined procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Elimination of thumb-sucking as a treatment for severe trichotillomania.

A 5-year-old girl presented with a 3-year history of severe trichotillomania and alopecia. The trichotillomania was observed to covary, or occur only in the presence of thumb-sucking. Thus, the elimination of thumb-sucking was targeted as a treatment for trichotillomania. The investigation evaluated the relative effectiveness of a standard aversive taste treatment, a response-dependent alarm and a response-disrupting thumb-post. Results indicated that only the thumb-post completely eliminated thumb-sucking and the covarying trichotillomania. These results suggest that when trichotillomania is a benign habit disorder, the treatment of a covarying habit such as thumb-sucking can be an effective treatment alternative and that resilient thumb-sucking can be effectively managed with an easily implemented thumb-post that requires little supervision and provides long-term success.

Aversive Therapy↗