PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Sakemi

Publications and source records attributed to T Sakemi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Ovariectomy attenuates proteinuria and glomerular injury in unilaterally nephrectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats.

To determine the contribution of the ovary to the development of glomerulo-sclerosis, we investigated the effect of ovariectomy on glomerulosclerosis, using the unilaterally nephrectomized (Nx) female Sprague-Dawley rat. At 6 weeks of age, groups 2 and 3 underwent unilateral right nephrectomy and group 3 was simultaneously ovariectomized, while group 1 underwent a sham operation. Body weight, blood pressure, urinary protein, serum albumin, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were checked every 2 months from 2 to 12 months after right nephrectomy. Control group 1, the Nx group 2 and the ovariectomized (Nx + ovariectomized) group 3 were studied morphologically at 6 and 12 months after nephrectomy. Body weight significantly increased in ovariectomized rats as compared with control and Nx rats. Nx rats became proteinuric with age. Ovariectomy significantly reduced proteinuria to the same levels in the controls. The glomerulosclerosis index was significantly higher in Nx rats than in either controls or ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy attenuated glomerular injury in Nx rats, though not to the same levels in the control rats. Three groups showed no significant differences in either blood pressure or plasma somatomedin C. Growth hormone (GH) was significantly decreased by ovariectomy. The severity of glomerular injury and the glomerular tuft volume correlated with GH levels. Our results suggested that a decrease in plasma GH may contribute to the attenuating effect of ovariectomy on the development of glomerular injury in aging unilaterally Nx female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Renal wedge-shaped lesions on computed tomography and ultrasonography in two patients who developed acute renal failure with severe loin pain after exercise.

Acute renal failure (ARF) with loin pain after exercise with development of wedge-shaped contrast enhancement on computed tomography (CT) has been described as a new disease entity. We report 2 patients who developed ARF with severe loin pain after exercise, showing wedge-shaped lesions both on CT and ultrasonography. Renal ultrasonography showed indistinct wedge-shaped lesions when performed at oliguric or recovery phase of ARF, whereas it showed distinct lesions when done between these two phases. Contrast CT performed at the recovery phase disclosed distinct wedge-shaped lesions. Our findings suggested that the best time to detect these lesions by ultrasonography is between at the beginning of diuresis and at the time of serum creatinine levels of 2 mg/dl.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Snake-strike--induced ischemic colitis with colonic stricture complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation.

A 57-year-old farmer was struck on the right thumb by a pit viper (Agkistrodon blomhoffü). Subsequently, he had acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), associated with melanotic stools and abdominal pain. Renal failure caused by renal cortical necrosis was successfully treated with hemodialysis. A double-contrast barium enema examination revealed multiple stenoses of the colon, regional edema, and longitudinal ulcer. Histologic examination of the stenotic lesions after laparotomy revealed fibrosis of both submucosa and proper muscle layer, with fibrotic thickness in the small arteries of the colonic wall, indicating that ischemic colitis was associated with DIC. In this case, DIC from viper toxins played an etiologic role in the development of ischemic colitis with stricture, as well as acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Acute progressive and extensive metastatic calcifications in a nephrotic patient following chronic hemodialysis.

We report on a 46-year-old female patient with a 5-year history of refractory nephrotic syndrome who rapidly developed extensive metastatic calcifications in lung, bone, blood vessels, skin, uterus and other soft tissues following maintenance hemodialysis. She was admitted for controlling anasarca. On admission, she suffered from severe nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure, showing 1.3 g/dl of serum albumin and 4.6 mg/dl of serum creatinine. She received bicarbonate dialysis combined with extracorporeal ultrafiltration to control anasarca. Following hemodialysis, she was treated with alfacalcidol and an increasing dose of calcium carbonate. Although anasarca was controlled, her nephrotic state remained unchanged. After 3 months of dialysis, roentgenograms of the body disclosed multiple metastatic calcifications. At this time, though the calcium-phosphorous product in serum was almost normal, the free calcium index was confirmed to have been high for 4 weeks. We considered that administration of calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol as well as an influx of free calcium from a dialysate resulted in increased serum ionized calcium which may be unable to be bound to serum protein because of lack of total protein, leading to ectopic deposition of calcium and phosphate. Our findings suggested that intensive care is needed to prevent metastatic calcification when uremic patients with severe nephrosis are treated with bicarbonate hemodialysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Estrogen attenuates progressive glomerular injury in hypercholesterolemic male Imai rats.

Hypercholesterolemic Imai rats spontaneously develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, especially in males. A sex difference in glomerular injury has been recognized, but the role of sex hormones in glomerular injury remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether estrogen administration influences the progressive glomerular injury in male Imai rats. Estrogen produced a significant decrease in body weight. Systolic blood pressure in estrogen-treated rats was significantly lower than that in controls. Estrogen attenuated the progression of glomerular injury by significantly reducing proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. The glomerulosclerosis index was significantly higher in controls than in estrogen-treated rats. Estrogen suppressed serum testosterone levels, whereas it increased GH levels. Results suggest that estrogen appears to play an inhibitory role on the development of glomerular injury, by itself or in association with sex-related factors regulated by estrogen and testosterone.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Testosterone eliminates the attenuating effect of castration on the progressive glomerular injury in hypercholesterolemic male Imai rats.

Hypercholesterolemic Imai rats, especially males, spontaneously develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. We have shown that castration attenuated the progression of glomerular injury in male Imai rats. The present study was designed to investigate whether the attenuating effect of castration on glomerulosclerosis is eliminated by administration of testosterone. Testosterone propionate (TP) eliminated the attenuating effect of castration on the progression of glomerular injury by significantly and dose dependently increasing proteinuria and enhancing glomerular sclerosis. TP at 1 mg failed to reverse glomerulosclerosis to the control levels, despite a dose of TP sufficient to restore urinary protein excretion, serom testosterone level and glomerular growth. The results indicated that besides testosterone other sex-related hormones may be involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis in male Imai rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[A case of polyarteritis nodosa who developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and presented with a tumor-like shadow on head CT in the remission stage].

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of weight loss, fever of unknown origin and rapid deterioration of renal function. Polyarteritis nodosa was diagnosed based on the findings of fever, weight loss, thrombocytosis, arthralgia and crescentic glomerulonephritis with vasculitis in the kidney biopsy specimens. Renal function progressively deteriorated and the patient underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methylprednisolone pulse therapy and subsequent oral prednisolone (PSL) therapy combined with cyclophosphamide (CY) was instituted. Renal function gradually recovered and PD was discontinued 2 weeks later. She was discharged after about 2 months of hospitalization and received a monthly follow-up with daily administration of 10mg of PSL and 25mg of CY. Six months after discharge, PN activity was well controlled by PSL and CY, but mental disturbance gradually developed and head CT disclosed a low-density mass shadow that was enhanced with a ring-like appearance by contrast medium similar to a brain tumor. The follow-up CT did not show any enlargement of the mass shadow. One year later, the patient died of uremia and concomitant dementia. Autopsy disclosed cerebral infarct in the relevant site of the mass on CT and the healed stage of angitis in other tissues.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[A case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis due to type II cryoglobulinemia probably associated with hepatitis C virus infection].

In recent years, several laboratories have suggested that chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is strongly associated with type II cryoglobulinemia (CG) and/or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). We report here a case of MPGN due to type II CG probably associated with chronic HCV infection, and discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of such cases. A 60-year-old-female was referred to us from a local hospital because of progressive peripheral edema, purpura on the lower limbs, pleural effusion, ascites, hypertension, and renal failure. Laboratory findings indicated proteinuria, abnormal urinary sediments, normochromic normocytic anemia and azotemia. Other laboratory findings included positive rheumatoid factor, elevated serum IgM, hypocomplementemia and elevated circulating immune complexes. Cryoglobulin was detected and found to consist of a mixture of a monoclonal IgM kappa with polyclonal IgG. Renal biopsy showed MPGN. These observations suggested a close association between MPGN and type II CG. We did not find any causes of type II CG except for positive HCV antibody and HCV RNA. Therefore, we made the diagnosis of type II CG associated with chronic HCV infection. Symptoms related to CG was responsiveness to steroid, but development of liver dysfunction developed. Treatment with alfa-interferon (alpha IFN) was added and thereafter, the liver dysfunction improved. However, the serum Cryo level was not reproducibly lowered. While in this case it was unclear whether IFN therapy was beneficial, several reports in addition to the findings of this case suggest a close relation between HCV infection and type II CG and MPGN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cryoglobulinemia↗
PubMed1993

Autopsy report of acute necrotizing opticomyelopathy associated with thyroid cancer.

We report an autopsied case of paraneoplastic necrotizing myelopathy. The patient had bilateral blindness, quadriplegia, and dyspnea of acute onset and died without remission 7 weeks later. The severe tissue necrosis and demyelination were found in the optic chiasm and from the medulla oblongata throughout the whole length of spinal cord. A papillary carcinoma was found in the thyroid gland at autopsy. In the present case IgG, myelin basic protein and activated helper T cells were increased in the CSF at onset, suggesting a mechanism of autoimmune demyelination for the condition.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Segmental glomerular necrosis as an active index of IgA nephropathy: a study with 100 serial sections of 128 cases.

One hundred serial sections from each of 128 cases with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy were examined by light microscopy to clarify the relationship between segmental glomerular necrosis (SGN) and progression of glomerular injury. The cases were divided into five groups according to the percentage of glomeruli with cellular/fibrocellular (C/F) crescents, fibrous adhesion and/or sclerosis: grade I, 0%; grade II, < 20%; grade III, 20-50%; grade IV, 50-80%; and grade V, 80% or more. The serial sections revealed unequivocally focal occurrence of SGN in 39 cases (30%). Segmental glomerular necrosis was never found in the cases of grade I (0%, 0/28), while it appeared in those of grade II (33%, 12/36), grade III (46%, 13/28), grade IV (48%, 13/27) and grade V (11%, 1/9). The incidence of the cases with C/F crescents showed a similar tendency among the groups. In addition, focal C/F crescents were more frequent in cases with SGN (82%) than in those without SGN (24%). In particular, cellular crescents in 26 cases were formed in close proximity to SGN. These results suggested that SGN in IgA nephropathy was a more common finding than formerly evaluated and that it potentially participated in the progression of glomerular injuries closely associated with crescent formation. Unequivocally, focal occurrence of SGN corresponded well with the slowly progressive course of the glomerular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Difference between renal failure associated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy and deterioration of renal function unrelated to methylprednisolone therapy.

In this study, we attempted to analyze the differences between renal failure associated with methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy and natural deterioration of renal function that was unrelated to MP administration. Of 80 patients with renal or collagen disease who received MP pulse therapy at our hospitals, 13 were selected for the study whose serum creatinine levels increased more than 0.5 mg/dl from baseline values following therapy. Somewhat arbitrarily, 7 patients were placed in an MP-associated renal deterioration group (group 1) in which serum creatinine levels returned naturally, or following induced diuresis, to baseline levels, and 6 patients in an MP-independent natural deterioration group (group 2) in which renal function progressively deteriorated. Renal function similarly deteriorated in the two groups following pulse therapy, irrespective of the degree of crescent formation. Our data suggested that hypoproteinemia is the most important index for differentiating MP-associated renal failure from natural deterioration of renal function unrelated to MP pulse therapy. In patients that are nephrotic and have impaired renal function, worsening of renal function following pulse therapy may partly be due to transient MP-associated renal failure. On the other hand, in patients without hypoproteinemia, worsening of renal function is most likely due to active primary disease and is probably not associated with MP pulse therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effects of antihypertensive drugs on the progress of renal failure in hyperlipidemic Imai rats.

Hyperlipidemic Imai rats spontaneously develop hypercholesterolemia, proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether two different antihypertensive regimens (enalapril and a combination of reserpine, hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide) would offer similar degrees of protection against glomerular injury in male hyperlipidemic Imai rats. Group 1 (n = 4) received no specific therapy. Group 2 (n = 4) was treated with enalapril at a dose of 50 mg/l in drinking water starting at 6 weeks of age. Group 3 (n = 5) was treated with the triple drug regimen (reserpine 5 mg/l, hydralazine 80 mg/l and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg/l in drinking water). Body weight, blood pressure, urinary protein, serum albumin, cholesterol, BUN and serum creatinine were checked and compared among groups. Although enalapril and triple drug therapy were almost equally effective in controlling systemic hypertension, there were striking differences between the two treated groups in proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia and glomerular injury. Enalapril treatment significantly reduced proteinuria (731 +/- 23 vs. 256 +/- 144 mg/kg/day at 36 week; p < 0.005) and hypercholesterolemia (264 +/- 17 vs. 104 +/- 17 mg/dl at 38 weeks; p < 0.001). Triple drug therapy failed to prevent the development of proteinuria (909 +/- 75 mg/kg/day at 38 weeks) and hypercholesterolemia (330 +/- 61 mg/dl at 38 weeks). The glomerulosclerosis index was significantly higher in untreated control rats (229 +/- 65) and in triple drug-treated rats (218 +/- 59) than in the enalapril-treated group (24 +/- 12; p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Castration attenuates proteinuria and glomerular injury in hyperlipidemic male Imai rats.

Hyperlipidemic Imai rats spontaneously develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, especially in males. We investigated the effect of castration on spontaneous proteinuria and progressive renal injury in male Imai ats. Male Imai rats (n = 16) were castrated at 5 weeks of age. Body weight, blood pressure, urinary protein excretion and serum constituents were checked and compared with sham-operated control rats (n = 16) up to 24 weeks. Sham-operated group 1 (n = 5) and castrated group 2 (n = 6) underwent morphological study after 16 weeks of observation and sham-operated group 3 (n = 11) and castrated group 4 (n = 10) were followed for an additional 8 weeks and used for morphological study. Growth rate was significantly stunted in castrated rats as compared with the controls. Castration significantly reduced proteinuria almost throughout the experiment (167 +/- 84 vs. 46 +/- 24 mg/kg/day, p < 0.001, at 8 weeks and 688 +/- 211 vs. 458 +/- 97, p < 0.01, at 20 weeks). The glomerulosclerosis index was significantly higher in sham-operated control rats than in castrated rats (28.8 +/- 18.0 vs. 7.3 +/- 3.1, p < 0.01, at 16 weeks, and 92.1 +/- 35.5 vs. 39.5 +/- 8.9, p < 0.001, at 24 weeks). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, serum cholesterol, plasma renin activity, plasma somatomedin C levels between the two groups. These results raise the possibility that sex hormones may partly contribute to spontaneous proteinuria and progressive renal injury in male Imai rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist on the progression of renal failure in hyperlipidemic Imai rats.

This study was undertaken to determine the role of angiotensin II (AII) in the development of glomerulosclerosis, using an AII receptor antagonist in an animal model of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemic Imai rats were employed because they spontaneously develop glomerulosclerosis; this is especially true in males. Group 1 (n = 5) received no specific therapy. Group 2 (n = 5) was treated with enalapril at a dosage of 50 mg/l in drinking water starting at 6 weeks of age. Group 3 (n = 5) and group 4 (n = 6) were treated with the AII receptor antagonist DuP 753 at a respective dosage of 15 mg/l (low-dose DuP) and 150 mg/l (high-dose DuP) in drinking water. Body weight, blood pressure, urinary protein, serum albumin, cholesterol, BUN and serum creatinine were measured and compared among the groups from 12 to 24 weeks of age. Enalapril and high-dose DuP were almost equally effective in controlling systemic hypertension. Each treatment significantly reduced proteinuria (172 +/- 112 and 152 +/- 72 mg/kg/day at 24 weeks) as compared with that in the controls (421 +/- 147 mg/kg/day; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Hypercholesterolemia also decreased (82 +/- 4 and 89 +/- 6 mg/dl) as compared with that of the controls (141 +/- 48 mg/dl; both p < 0.05). Glomerulosclerosis index (SI) was significantly higher in the untreated control rats (55 +/- 26) than in the enalapril-treated rats (2 +/- 3; p < 0.005) and the high-dose-DuP-treated rats (6 +/- 6, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗