Biomedical subjects

T Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to T Sakuma.

276 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

A novel selective broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent.

A new compound has been found, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ((S)-HPMPA), that has potent and selective activity against a broad spectrum of DNA viruses, including herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2); varicella zoster virus; thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) mutants of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus; human cytomegalovirus; phocid, simian, suid, bovid and equid herpesviruses; African swine fever virus; vaccinia virus; and human adenoviruses. It is also active against retroviruses. We also report that, in mice and rabbits in vivo, the compound is effective against both local and systemic infections with herpes simplex virus type 1, including herpetic keratitis caused by a TK- mutant which is resistant to the classical anti-herpes drugs.

Adenine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation by high-dose terbutaline downregulates terbutaline-stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo rat lung.

Because high-dose terbutaline and isoproterenol (10(-3) M), beta2-adrenergic agonists, failed to increase alveolar fluid clearance, the mechanisms responsible for this effect were examined in ex vivo rat lungs. An isosmolar 5% albumin solution with Evans blue dye was instilled into the distal airspaces in isolated rat lungs that were then inflated with 100% oxygen at an airway pressure of 8 cm H2O in a 37 degrees C incubator. Alveolar fluid clearance was measured by the progressive increase in dye concentrations over 1 hour. The results indicated that: (1) although 10(-5) M terbutaline or isoproterenol increased alveolar fluid clearance, 10(-3) M terbutaline or isoproterenol did not; (2) both concentrations of terbutaline (10(-5), 10(-3) M) increased intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in cultured type II alveolar epithelial cells; (3) instillation of atenolol, a selective beta1-adrenergic antagonist, in the presence of either 10(-3) M terbutaline or isoproterenol was associated with an increase in alveolar fluid clearance. These results suggested that beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation prevented the normal response to a beta2-adrenergic agonist. To further test this hypothesis, a selective beta1-adrenergic agonist, denopamine, was administered; these results showed that (4) 10(-3) M denopamine, a selective beta1-adrenergic agonist, inhibited the increase in alveolar fluid clearance in the presence of 10(-5) M terbutaline; (5) hypoxia for 2 hours did not alter the effects of terbutaline on alveolar fluid clearance. The mechanism for the inability of the alveolar epithelium to respond to high-dose terbutaline or isoproterenol with the normal upregulation of alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo rats lungs appears to be mediated by beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation that subsequently suppresses the beta2-adrenergic response.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of autologous plasmin for idiopathic macular hole surgery.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a single intravitreal injection of autologous plasmin or a combination of plasmin and intraocular gas without peeling the internal limiting membrane (ILM) will close idiopathic macular holes. METHODS: Eight eyes of seven patients with an idiopathic macular hole were studied. The degree of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreal liquefaction, closure of the macular hole, visual acuity, and complications following intravitreal plasmin or plasmin with gas were investigated. The removed ILM was examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS: A PVD was created in seven out of eight eyes exposed to plasmin or plasmin with gas, however, the macular hole was not closed by either. Closure occurred in two eyes using conventional vitrectomy after the plasmin with gas injection, but peeling the ILM was required in the remaining six eyes. Vitreal fibers and glial cells were not observed on the vitreal surface of the extracted ILM. CONCLUSIONS: A PVD was created safely and reliably although closure of the macular hole did not occur with either plasmin or with plasmin and gas injection. However, vitreous surgery became easier, and it required a shorter time to close the macular hole with intravitreal plasmin.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of autologous plasmin during vitrectomy for diabetic maculopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous plasmin enzyme as an adjunct to vitrectomy in diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Plasmin derived from autologous blood was injected intravitreally into seven eyes 15 min before vitreous surgery. The development and progression of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was followed, and the time required for vitreous removal was measured. Both pre- and postoperative visual acuities and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-determined macular thickness were measured. RESULTS: In the seven eyes in which plasmin was used, a PVD developed approximately 5 min after the injection and was confirmed to extend to the far periphery. In all cases, the removal of the vitreous was completed in a shorter time and no complications were observed. A restoration of the shape of the macula was observed in all cases. The visual acuity improved by two or more lines in four eyes, and remained unchanged in the remaining three eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous plasmin alone will create a full PVD, and eliminates the need for a mechanical creation of a PVD. Thus, plasmin is a safe and effective adjunct to vitreous surgery for the treatment of diabetic maculopathy.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of reperfusion therapy on the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction complicated by left heart failure: prediction based on the acute course of left ventricular heart failure].

This study evaluated the correlation between the acute course and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure. Heart failure was defined as a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure equal to or greater than 20 mmHg with radiographic evidence of pulmonary congestion during hospitalization in the coronary care unit. A total of 77 heart failure patients underwent primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or thrombolysis. Twelve patients who died within the first 3 days (group I) had a higher incidence of unsuccessful reperfusion (50 vs 19%, p < 0.05) and cardiogenic shock (64 vs 4%, p < 0.01), compared with the 65 patients who survived at least the initial 4 days (group II). These 65 patients were classified into three subgroups according to the course of heart failure: early regression type (group IIA, n = 38); prolonged type (group IIB, n = 18); delayed-onset type (group IIC, n = 9). Patients in group IIB had a higher incidence of multivessel disease than group IIA. Patients in group IIC had a higher incidence of unsuccessful reperfusion. Cardiac index in group IIB was lower than in group IIA (2.50 +/- 0.70 vs 1.91 +/- 0.39 l/min/m2). Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction were 4.1 +/- 9.2% in group IIA, -6.6 +/- 16.8% in group IIB, and 0.9 +/- 7.3% in group IIC. The hospital mortality rate was 0% in group IIA, 11% in group IIB, and 33% in group IIC, the reinfarction rate was 0, 17 and 22%, and sustained arterial patency was demonstrated in 81, 62 and 43%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Aggressive appearance of non-ossifying fibroma with pathologic fracture: a case report.

An 11-year-old boy presented with a lytic lesion in the proximal humeral metaphysis. In spite of an aggressively reactive appearance on plain radiography and MR imaging, this lesion proved to be a non-ossifying fibroma. Fracture of the cortical shell probably contributed to the relatively wide zone of transition and periosteal reaction on plain radiography and the reactive change on MR imaging.

Bone Neoplasms↗