Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Satake.
Five flavonoid glucuronides were obtained from the fruit of Helicteres isora, three of which were previously unknown compounds: isoscutellarein 4'-methyl ether 8-O-beta-D-glucuronide 6"-n-butyl ester. isoscutellarein 4'-methyl ether 8-O-beta-D-glucuronide 2", 4"-disulfate and isoscutellarein 8-O-beta-D-glucuronide 2",4"-disulfate. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopy and hydrolysis experiments.
One new trimeric proanthocyanidin, epicatechin-(2beta-->O-->7, 4beta-->6)-epicatechin-(2beta-->O--->7, 4beta-->8)-epicatechin (5) and two new tetrameric proanthocyanidins, epicatechin-(2beta-->O-->7, 4beta-->8)-[epicatechin-(4beta-->6)]-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin, named as parameritannin A-1 (6), and epicatechin-(2beta-->O-->5, 4beta-->6)-[epicatechin-(2beta-->O-->7, 4beta-->8)]-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin, named as parameritannin A-2 (7), have been isolated from the bark of Parameria laevigata Moldenke (Apocynaceae) along with the two known dimers, proanthocyanidin A-2 (1) and proanthocyanidin A-6 (2), and two trimers, cinnamtannin B-1 (3) and aesculitannin B (4). These structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical evidence.
Species succession of a natural bacterial community was indicated by the Gram stain index (GSI) using an experimental nutrient gradient in an oligotrophic pond created with an in situ gradostat. Various trophic conditions, ranging from eutrophic to mesotrophic, were formed experimentally with continuous inflow of sterile peptone solution in the gradostat, while the water mass outside the gradostat was oligotrophic. The GSI spectra of the natural bacterial populations show different profiles in accordance with the trophic level of the ambient water and the time progression of adaptation to different levels of eutrophication. Therefore, GSI can be used as a potential indicator of organic pollution in aquatic environments.
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This study examined the change of body composition in Japanese university students. Subjects were university students divided into two groups by sex for two different time periods: 67 males and 46 females for 1986-1987 and 47 males and 64 females for 1994-1995. Body height, weight, and underwater weight were measured to estimate the percentage of body fat. The fat mass index (FMI) was applied after adjusting fat mass and the fat-free mass index (FFMI) applied after adjusting fat-free mass for body physique by dividing (body height)2. The mean body mass index (BMI) increased from 1986-1987 to 1994-1995 in males and decreased in females, although there were no statistical differences between two time periods in both sexes. The FMI indicates that in 1994-1995 males had significantly more fat adjusted for body height than in 1987. Females in 1994-1995 had significantly less FFMI than those in 1986 despite FMI similar to that of 1986. Our results thus warn against a trend toward excessive thinness in collegiate females and insufficiency of evaluating body composition using the BMI alone.
We examined the effects of the intravenous anaesthetic agents, thiamylal and ketamine, on the phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in heparinized peripheral blood from healthy individuals using the phagocytic plaque method. Subclinical doses of thiamylal caused enhancement of the phagocytic activity of PMN and super-clinical doses of thiamylal inhibited phagocytic activity of PMN. Ketamine did not adversely affect phagocytic function at relevant therapeutic concentrations. The results presented in this manuscript indicate the phagocytic plaque method can provide a quantitative assessment of the phagocytic function of leukocytes. This method may prove useful in determining whether anaesthetic agents and other drugs adversely affect leukocyte function and hence help prevent the increased susceptibility to infection which can occur in anaesthetized patients. Conversely, the phagocytic plaque method may prove useful in the search for immune-enhancing drugs.
We evaluated changes in body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen uptake during arm cranking exercise (20 watts, 30 min) in an artificial climate room at a temperature of about 25 degrees C or 35 degrees C (relative humidity, about 50%) in 5 patients with paraplegics due to spinal cord injury (SCI). The tympanic temperature (Tty) was significantly higher from rest to recovery at 35 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The mean Tty after 10 minutes of rest was 36.68 degrees C +/- 0.396 (mean +/- SD) at a room temperature of 25 degrees C and 37.25 degrees C +/- 0.253 at 35 degrees C, showing a difference of about 0.5 degrees C. This difference was maintained during exercise and recovery. The Tty at the end of exercise was higher than that at the start of exercise by 0.66 degrees C +/- 0.218 (mean +/- SD) at 25 degrees C and by 0.59 degrees C +/- 0.210 at 35 degrees C. The skin temperature (Tsk) in each measurement area (the head, arm, chest, thigh, shin, and calf) was significantly higher at 35 degrees C. Oxygen uptake did not differ between 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. The heart rate was significantly higher at 35 degrees C than at 25 degrees C during rest and at the start of exercise but did not differ during exercise and recovery. Thus, mild-moderate exercise in this study did not cause marked changes such as increases in body temperature and heart rate that affect biological function in SCI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A case of intracranial dural malignant lymphoma was presented. A 35-year-old woman was admitted with generalized seizure. The neurological findings and laboratory data were normal. Computed tomography (CT) showed a nodular lesion in the left frontal convexity with marked enhancement by contrast medium. Angiography showed a slight tumor stain and the feeding artery from the ethmoid artery. On surgery, a soft pinkish tumor was found to be located in the dura and subdural space. It was resected subtotally. The histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma of B cell origin. Postoperative Ga scintigraphy and abdominal CT disclosed no abnormalities in other organs, but bone marrow examination revealed lymphoma cells, which suggested that the patient might have systemic lymphoma. The patient and her family refused additional treatment. The patient is alive and well now over six years after the craniotomy. Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas usually arise in the cerebral parenchyma, while secondary CNS lymphomas commonly involve leptomeninges and perivascular spaces. Mass lesions arising in the dura are very rare.
This 50-year-old male was admitted to the hospital on April 1983 with complaints of severe chest pain attacks 2 weeks previously. Laboratory data: On admission the blood findings were Hb 14.3 Gm/dl of blood, RBC 4.70 million/mm3, WBC 11,600/mm3 and a platelet count of 1.1 million/mm3. ECG showed elevation of ST-T in V1 to V4. Serum LDH and CPK levels were high. He was diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction with thrombocythemia. Three days after admission he abruptly fell into a semicomatose state and left hemiplesia. Head computed tomography showed a large, low-density lesion in the right mid-cerebral artery area, and we also diagnosed cerebral infarction. He was given nimustine (ACNU) 100 mg/week three times as remission induction therapy. For maintenance chemotherapy, at first we administered mitobronitol (DBM) 150 mg/day then changed to intermittent administration of ACNU 100 mg. On September 1991, the patient was admitted to the hospital with progressive anemia and uncontrollable thrombocythemia. Bone marrow chromosome analysis revealed aneuploidy. The patient received interferon alpha 3 million unit/day. The thrombocythemia could be controlled but his general condition deteriorated. On April 1992, he died of interstitial pneumonia.
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Two new flavonol glycosides have been isolated from the fruit of Turkish Rhamnus thymifolius (Rhamnaceae) and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-(4-O-acetyl)-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside and kaempferol-4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside based on spectral and chemical evidence.
Teeth extracted from Japanese male cadavers were analyzed from the morphogenetic point of view. Variables were buccolingual crown diameter, mesiodistal crown diameter, crown height, root length and total length. Each dimension was analyzed separately by means of principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Components extracted from crown dimensions and total length showed 3 or 4 of 5 underlying components for morphogenetic field, anterior group, molar, premolar, canine and incisor. However, for crown height and root length, the components were less distinct.
We reported a case of ALL complicated with acute pancreatitis caused by L-asparaginase (L-Asp). The patient was a 42-year-old man, who showed eosinophilia in peripheral blood and an increase of lymphoblast in bone marrow. He was diagnosed as ALL (L2) and treated by JALSG '87 protocol. Remission induction chemotherapy including L-Asp was administered by 5,000 IU i.v. for 10 days. The day after giving all dose of L-Asp, slight epigastralgia developed and then became severe. After two days, s-amylase was markedly elevated, and the patient was diagnosed as acute pancreatitis caused by L-Asp. He was treated conservatively, but hyperglycemia occurred. The epigastrial tumor was palpable and gradually grew in size. CT-scan and abdominal ultrasonography revealed pancreatic pseudocyst, so he was treated by percutaneous cyst drainage. The patient died of a relapse of ALL. The prophylaxis and early diagnosis of the pancreatitis and hyperglycemia caused by L-Asp are very difficult. We have to examine more cases and pay greater attention to the chemotherapy, including L-Asp.
We elucidated the implication of oxygen radicals on airway hyperresponsiveness after ovalbumin (OA) challenge in guinea pigs. Ten days OA exposure increased airway responsiveness, i.e., a significant decrease in log [acetylcholine (Ach) PC200] (2.445 +/- 0.227) was observed compared with the control group (3.398 +/- 0.269). After OA exposure, the number of beta-adrenoceptors decreased by 38%, and adenylate cyclase activity decreased by 36% (isoproterenol stimulated) and 28% (basal). Significant increases in xanthine oxidase activities in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and serum were observed after the tenth OA exposure (49.1 +/- 11.7 mU/g tissue, 12.6 +/- 3.16 mU/ml, and 11.5 +/- 2.66 mU/ml, respectively) compared with those in the control group (7.35 +/- 6.48 mU/g tissue, 2.85 +/- 1.17 mU/ml, and 3.51 +/- 1.15 mU/ml, respectively). Administration of long-acting superoxide dismutase (SOD) (5,000 U/kg twice a day intraperitoneally) or gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (gamma-GCE) (10 mg/kg, twice a day, intraperitoneally), a prodrug of glutathione, maintained log [Ach PC200] (3.248 +/- 0.415 and 3.298 +/- 0.246, respectively) in spite of 10 days OA exposure. Decreases in the number of beta-adrenoceptors and adenylate cyclase activity were prevented by long-acting SOD or gamma-GCE. In contrast, long-acting SOD or gamma-GCE inhibited significantly, but not completely, the elevation of xanthine oxidase activities. These results support suggestions that oxygen radicals might be involved in the underlying mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness after OA challenge in guinea pigs.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of aging on diaphragmatic mitochondrial function. Diaphragm mitochondria were prepared from specific pathogen-free rats aged 7 wk (n = 7), 35 wk (n = 7), and 55 wk (n = 7). The activities of various portions of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, i.e., complexes I, II, III, and IV, were measured enzymatically. The specific activities of complex I decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) in 35-wk-old rats (726 +/- 90 nmol/min/mg protein) compared with 7-wk-old rats (1,018 +/- 121), and the decrease was more remarkable in 35-wk-old rats (565 +/- 64; P less than 0.01 versus 35-wk-old). The activities of complex IV also decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) in 55-wk-old rats (1,222 +/- 191) compared with 7-wk-old rats (1,797 +/- 208); however, no significant changes in complex IV activities between 7-wk-old rat and 35-wk-old rats were observed. In contrast, the activities of complex II and III were not affected by aging. Limb muscle, heart, and liver mitochondria were also prepared from the same rats. The same tendency was observed in limb muscle mitochondria; however, in heart and liver mitochondria, activities of all four complexes were not changed in rats of all age groups. These results indicate that vulnerability of mitochondrial electron transport chain to aging differs from organ to organ and that it also differs from portion to portion in the electron transport chain and the most vulnerable site was complex I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
To evaluate the disruption of the basement membrane in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we measured the level of 7S collagen in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with ARDS and normal control subjects by using a radioimmunoassay method. Twelve of 14 patients with ARDS had evidence of 7S collagen in the BAL fluid, but no 7S collagen was detected in the BAL fluid of the controls. The mean 7S collagen concentration of the BAL fluid in patients with ARDS was 19.6 +/- 9.4 ng/ml. In patients with ARDS, the BAL levels of 7S collagen correlated strongly with neutrophil counts (r = 0.813; p less than 0.01) and with elastase-complex (r = 0.914; p less than 0.01). We conclude that 7S collagen may be an index of leukocyte-mediated lung injury in patients with ARDS, and detection of 7S collagen in BAL fluid is useful for evaluating the disruption of basement membrane.