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T Satoda

Publications and source records attributed to T Satoda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Representation of the tensor veli palatini muscle in the trigeminal motor nucleus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata).

Distribution of motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle was examined in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Neurons labeled with HRP which was injected into the tensor veli palatini muscle were seen in the ventromedial aspects of the dorsolateral division of the trigeminal motor nucleus, at all rostrocaudal levels of the trigeminal motor nucleus. The vast majority of these TVP motoneurons were distributed around the margin, especially the dorsal margin, of the cluster of motoneurons which innervate the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of axons showing both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities in the lumbar cord segments of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata).

Axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities were observed by the double immunofluorescence method in the lumbar cord segments of the Japanese monkey. Double-labeled axons were seen almost exclusively in the dorsal horn, particularly in lamina I, lamina IIa and the lateral part of lamina V. After thoracic cordotomy, almost all of the double-labeled axons disappeared from the lumbar cord segments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Infrahyoid and accessory motoneurons in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata).

The segmental and topographical organization of motoneurons innervating the infrahyoid (IH) and the spinal accessory (AC) muscles was studied in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method after application of HRP to the peripheral nerve branches supplying the IH and AC muscles. IH motoneurons constitute two distinct slender cell columns, a longer medial and a shorter lateral one. The medial cell column extends from the most caudal level of the hypoglossal nucleus to the lower levels of the second cervical (C2) cord segment. In the medial column, motoneurons supplying the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles are distributed at the medullary and C1 levels, while those innervating the omohyoid muscle are primarily distributed at the C2 level. The lateral cell column consists of motoneurons supplying the thyrohyoid muscle and extends from the most caudal level of the hypoglossal nucleus to the middle levels of the C1 cord segment. Axons of thyrohyoid motoneurons follow a dorsomedially directed bent emergent course, making a hairpin turn. AC motoneurons supplying the sternocleidomastoid (SC) and trapezius (TZ) muscles form a single slender cell column extending from the most rostral level of the pyramidal decussation to the middle levels of the C6 cord segment. SC motoneurons are distributed from the most rostral level of the pyramidal decussation to the middle levels of the C3 cord segment, while TZ motoneurons are distributed from the upper levels of the C2 cord segment to the lower levels of the C6 cord segment. At the levels of the C2 and C3 cord segments, both SC and TZ motoneurons are distributed in the AC cell column; the cluster of SC motoneurons is located dorsomedial to that of TZ motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve: a horseradish peroxidase study in the cat.

The existence of afferent fibers in the cat hypoglossal nerve was studied by transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated HRP (WGA-HRP) into the hypoglossal nerve resulted in some retrograde labeling of cell bodies within the superior ganglia of the ipsilateral glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves. A few labeled cell bodies were also present ipsilaterally within the inferior ganglion of the vagal nerve and the spinal ganglion of the C1 segment. Some of the labeled glossopharyngeal and vagal fibers reached the nucleus of the solitary tract by crossing the dorsal portion of the spinal trigeminal tract. Others distributed to the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars interpolaris and to the ventrolateral part of the medial cuneate nucleus by descending through the dorsal portion of the spinal trigeminal tract. In the spinal cord these descending fibers, intermingling with labeled dorsal root fibers, distributed to laminae I, IV-V and VII-VIII of the C1 and C2 segments. Additional HRP experiments revealed that the fibers in laminae VII-VIII originate mainly from dorsal root of the C1 segment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Localization of motoneurons innervating the stylohyoid muscle in the monkey, cat, rabbit, rat and shrew.

The distribution of motoneurons innervating the stylohyoid muscle was examined in the Japanese monkey (Macaca juscata), cat, rabbit, rat and house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) using the retrograde tracing method of horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme was injected into the stylohyoid muscle after ligating the central cut ends of the main peripheral branches of the facial nerve supplying the superficial facial muscles, or the trunk of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplying the pharyngeal muscles. In the monkey, cat and rabbit, stylohyoid motoneurons were identified in the reticular formation dorsomedial, dorsal or rostrodorsal to the main facial nucleus, and in the dorsomedial or dorsal border region, central part and ventral border region of the main facial nucleus. On the other hand, in the rat and shrew, stylohyoid motoneurons were found in the reticular formation dorsal or dorsomedial to the main facial nucleus and in the dorsal or dorsomedial border region of the main facial nucleus, but not in the central part and ventral border region of the main facial nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Possible origins of substance P-like immunoreactive axons within Onuf's nucleus of the cat.

The double immunofluorescence method revealed that 30-50% of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-LI) axons within Onuf's nucleus of cats exhibited enkephalin (ENK)-LI, and that about 5% of SP-LI axons within the nucleus showed serotonin (5-HT)-LI. After hemicordotomy, axons with both SP- and 5-HT-LI, as well as those with only 5-HT-LI, were profoundly depleted in Onuf's nucleus ipsilateral to the lesion, but no changes were detectable in axons with SP-LI and/or ENK-LI in the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Convergence of serotonin-, enkephalin- and substance P-like immunoreactive afferent fibers onto cat medullary dorsal horn projection neurons: a triple immunocytochemical staining technique combined with the retrograde HRP-tracing method.

Convergence of serotonin (5-HT)-, enkephalin (ENK)-, and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactive (LI) afferent fibers onto cat medullary dorsal horn projection neurons was examined by retrogradely labeling trigeminothalamic neurons and immunocytochemically labeling 5-HT, ENK and SP fibers in the same tissue section using distinct chromogens. Convergence of 5-HT-, ENK- and SP-LI fibers upon single projection neurons was often observed in laminae I and V.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Convergence of serotonin-, enkephalin- and substance P-like immunoreactive afferent fibers on single pudendal motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus of the cat: a light microscope study combining the triple immunocytochemical staining technique with the retrograde HRP-tracing method.

Convergence of serotonin (5-HT)-, enkephalin (ENK)-, and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactive (LI) afferent fibers on single pudendal motoneurons within Onuf's nucleus was demonstrated: pudendal motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase applied to the pudendal nerve. Subsequently, 5-HT-LI fibers were stained by the immunoperoxidase method, and then ENK- and SP-LI fibers were stained by the double immunofluorescence method.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1988

Direct projections from the subthalamic nucleus of Luys to the spinal cord in the Japanese monkey.

Injection of large amounts of a mixture of horseradish peroxidase and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate into the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) led to the retrograde labeling of a small number of neuronal cell bodies within the rostral part of the subthalamic nucleus of Luys. Direct projection from the subthalamic nucleus to the spinal cord appeared to be much less prominent in the Japanese monkey than in the cat and rat.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1988

Distribution of axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities in the lumbar cord segments: an immunohistochemical study in the cat.

Axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities were observed by the double immunofluorescence method in the lumbar cord segments of the cat. Double-labeled axons were seen most frequently in laminae I, IIa and the lateral part of lamina V. They were also distributed in other parts of the dorsal horn and lamina X (especially in the dorsal part), but rarely found in laminae VII, VIII and IX. After cervical hemicordotomy the vast majority of double-labeled axons disappeared from the spinal gray ipsilateral to the lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase from Salmonella typhimurium. Purification and characterization of the crystalline enzyme, and sequence determination of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding peptide.

We have found a wide occurrence of alpha,beta-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase in bacteria and actinomycetes. Considerable amounts of this enzyme were found in Salmonella typhimurium. The enzyme was purified and crystallized from S. typhimurium (IFO 12529). The relative molecular mass of the native enzyme, estimated by the ultracentrifugal equilibrium method, is 89,000 Da, and the enzyme consists of two subunits identical in molecular mass. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 and 413 nm and contains 2 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(pyridoxal-P)/mol of enzyme. The enzyme catalyzes the alpha,beta-elimination reaction of both L- and D-alpha,beta-diaminopropionate, the most suitable substrates, to form pyruvate and ammonia. The L- and D-isomers of serine were also degraded, though slowly. After the internal Schiff base with pyridoxal-P had been reduced with sodium borohydride, followed by trypsin or lysyl endopeptidase digestion of the enzyme, we determined the sequence of about 20 amino acid residues around the lysine residue which binds pyridoxal-P. No homology was found in either the amino acid sequence of the pyridoxal-P binding peptide or the amino-terminal amino acid sequence between the enzyme and other pyridoxal-P-dependent enzymes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

The distribution of infrahyoid motoneurons in the cat: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study.

The distribution of cell bodies and the peripheral course of axons of infrahyoid motoneurons were examined in the cat by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase method after application of the enzyme to the peripheral nerve branches supplying the infrahyoid muscles. Infrahyoid motoneurons were observed to constitute a slender cell column, which extended from a level of the caudal part of the hypoglossal nucleus usually to the most caudal level of the C1 cord segment, or occasionally to the lower levels of the C2 cord segment. The cell column was located immediately lateral to that of motoneurons of the spinal accessory nerve. In the cell column, thyrohyoid motoneurons were distributed in the medulla oblongata; sternohyoid motoneurons were located somewhat more cranially than sternothyroid motoneurons in the medulla oblongata and cervical cord. However, the level of craniocaudal distribution of thyrohyoid, sternohyoid or sternothyroid motoneurons highly overlapped. The experiments involving severance of the hypoglossal and/or cervical nerves indicated that axons of thyrohyoid and sternohyoid motoneurons passed via the roots of both hypoglossal and C1 nerves, that axons of sternohyoid motoneurons passed via the C1 nerve roots, and that axons of infrahyoid motoneurons innervating the conjugated part of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles passed usually via the C1 nerve roots, or occasionally via the roots of both C1 and C2 nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Amygdaloid pathway to the trigeminal motor nucleus via the pontine reticular formation in the rat.

The connections of the amygdala with the trigeminal motor nucleus were studied by light and electron microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) experiments showed that the pontine reticular formation, ventromedial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus at the level rostral to the genu of the facial nerve, receives fibers from the central nucleus of the amygdala ipsilaterally and sends fibers to the trigeminal motor nucleus contralaterally. Electron microscopic observations were carried out on the pontine reticular formation after electrolytic lesions in the central nucleus of the amygdala and HRP injections into the contralateral trigeminal motor nucleus were made on the same animal. These experiments using the combined degeneration and HRP technique clearly demonstrated that degenerating amygdaloid fibers made synaptic contacts with retrogradely labeled neurons.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1988

Amygdaloid projections to commissural interneurons for masticatory motoneurons.

Injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the trigeminal motor nucleus resulted in retrograde labeling of neurons, called commissural interneurons for masticatory motoneurons, in the contralateral supratrigeminal region. Further HRP studies, in which WGA-HRP injections were made into the amygdala and supratrigeminal region, indicated that the supratrigeminal region receives fibers from the central nucleus of the amygdala ipsilaterally. These findings raised the possibility of direct connections between the amygdala and commissural interneurons. In order to confirm the connections, electrolytic lesions in the central nucleus of the amygdala and WGA-HRP injections into the contralateral trigeminal motor nucleus were made on the same animal and electron microscopic observation was carried out on the supratrigeminal region. Of particular interest was that degenerating amygdalotegmental fibers synapsed upon HRP-labeled neurons.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1988

Somatotopic organization of facial nucleus of rabbit. With particular reference to intranuclear representation of perioral branches of the facial nerve.

Somatotopic organization of the facial nucleus was examined in the rabbit by the retrograde HRP (horseradish peroxidase) method; HRP was applied to the peripheral branches of the facial nerve. The facial nucleus is cytoarchitectonically divided into 5 division: the ventromedial, medial, dorsal, lateral and intermediate divisions. The ventromedial division contains neurons supplying the cervical branch. The medial division supplies the anterior auricular branch as well as the posterior auricular branch. The dorsal division is small and contains motoneurons innervating the periorbital regions through the zygomatico-orbital branchlets as well as the anterior auricular branch. Motoneurons innervating the perioral regions are numerous and distributed in the lateral and intermediate division; each of the lateral and intermediate divisions supplies both superior labial and inferior labial branches.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical demonstration of coexistence of enkephalin-and substance P-like immunoreactivities in axonal components in the lumbar segments of cat spinal cord.

Coexistence of enkephalin-like and substance P-like immunoreactivities (ENK-LI and SP-LI) was shown in axonal components in the lumbar segments of cat spinal cord by using the double immunofluorescence method. Although axonal components labeled with both ENK-LI and SP-LI were distributed throughout the spinal gray, they were most dense in the ventral horn, and most sparse in the superficial part of the dorsal horn.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Representation of the main branches of the facial nerve within the facial nucleus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata).

The facial nucleus of the Japanese monkey was divided cytoarchitectonically into the ventral, medial, intermediate, dorsal and lateral divisions. When horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the inferior labial, cervical or posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve, HRP-labeled neurons were seen in the lateral, ventral or medial division of the facial nucleus, respectively. After applying HRP to the anterior auricular-zygomatico-orbital branch, labeled neurons were observed mainly in the intermediate and dorsal divisions. HRP applied to the superior labial branch labeled neurons within the dorsal and lateral divisions.

Animals↗