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T Setoguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Setoguchi.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Laventiana annectens, new genus and species: fossil evidence for the origins of callitrichine New World monkeys.

A previously unidentified middle Miocene primate from the La Venta deposits of Colombia is intermediate between squirrel monkeys (Saimiri) and callitrichines (marmosets and tamarins) in the morphology of the lower molars, mandible, and talus. Laventiana annectens is closely related to Saimiri and to Cebus (capuchin monkeys) yet resembles the probable callitrichine morphotype, demonstrating that archaic relatives of a Saimiri-like stock were suitable structural ancestors for the enigmatic callitrichines. Laventiana is also more primitive than Saimiri (= Neosaimiri) fieldsi from the same fauna, further increasing the likelihood that the latter is a lineal ancestor of modern squirrel monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Influence of residual plaque score during initial treatment on pocket reduction rate at individual tooth surfaces].

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation ship between residual plaque score at an individual tooth surface during initial treatment and the pocket reduction rate at the evaluation time. Thirty-nine adult periodontal patients (mean age 30.2 years) who O'Leary plaque control record (PCR) reached a level of 10% PCR, were selected for this study. A total of 5638 surfaces were monitored by recording probing pocket depths at the disto-buccal (a), mid-buccal (b), mesio-buccal (c), disto-lingual (d), mid-lingual and (e), mesio-lingual (f) regions, and by examining O'Leary plaque control records. The results were as follows: 1) The residual plaque score at all teeth surfaces was 14.74 +/- 19.21%. 2) The lowest plaque score were seen at 54/45, and 21/12. 3) The highest plaque score were seen at 7/7, and 76/67. 4) Well-responding sites that showed a high residual plaque score and a good pocket reduction rate, were 5/5 (initial probing pocket depth 3.0-3.5mm, a), and 4/4 (initial probing pocket depth 3.0-3.5 mm,f; 5.0-5.5 mm, f). 5) 7/7 (initial probing pocket depth 3.0 mm a, b, d), and 7/7 (initial probing pocket depth 3.0-3.5 mm, f) showed a high residual plaque score and a low pocket reduction rate. 6) The normal pocket response occurred at a level of residual plaque score and a low pocket reduction rate. 6) The normal pocket response occurred at a level of residual plaque score of less than 25%. In order to gain good pocket response, it is important to keep the level of residual plaque score at less than 25% rather than to keep the level of PCR at 10% or 20% (as several authors have previously stated). 7) A low residual plaque score during treatment is therefore more important than a low PCR.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between pocket reduction and plaque control in initial treatment].

It has been suggested that plaque control is important in periodontal treatment. This study used O'Leary's plaque control record (PCR) to investigate the influence of plaque control in initial treatment. Thirty patients (18 men and 12 women, mean age 46.7 years) were selected for this study. The results were as follows: The mean pocket depth was reduced from 3.19 mm (at the first examination) to 2.11 mm (at re-evaluation). Mean pocket depth of 3 mm or more at the first examination was reduced from 4.09 mm to 2.43 mm. The mean number of times plaque control instruction was given to reduce the PCR 10% or less was 3.8. The quantity of pocket reduction was significantly greater in the group that underwent instructions to reduce the PCR 10% or less 4 times or less compared with the group that underwent instructions 5 times or more. The group whose mean PCR was 10% or less from the time 10% or less at the first time to re-evaluation, had significantly greater pocket reduction than the group with 20% or more. There was no correlation between pocket reduction and PCR at the first examination and bone loss scores obtained from X-ray films.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1987

An animal model of pigment cholelithiasis.

Pigment stones of high calcium content were induced in male hamsters of the Harlan Sprague-Dawley strain fed a nutritionally adequate semipurified diet for a period of 14 weeks. The diet contained moderate amounts of cholesterol (0.30 percent) and ethinyl estradiol (15 micrograms/day per animal). At sacrifice, the incidence of pigment stones was 50 percent. When stones were present, they were in the form of numerous black amorphous rods about 0.1 to 0.4 mm in length. Infrared analysis of the dried stones indicated the following composition: calcium phosphate 26.7 percent, calcium bilirubinate 12.8 percent, cholesterol 15.1 percent, and protein 45.4 percent. Pigment stones were associated with an elevated biliary total calcium level (probably induced by the dietary cholesterol) and a paradoxic decrease in the biliary total bilirubin level. The lithogenic diet produced marked elevations in liver and plasma cholesterol levels and cholesterol saturation of bile, but no cholesterol crystals or stones were observed. The accumulation of elevated levels of cholesterol in the livers of the experimental animals produced mild to moderate hepatotoxicity. The precise mechanism of the dietary induction of pigment stones in this hamster model remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta, Colombia, South America.

A new genus and species of fossil primate, Kondous laventicus, part of the Miocene La Venta primate fauna of Colombia, South America, is described here for the first time. Screening at a new quarry within the Monkey Unit of the Honda Formation, the Kyoto Site, has revealed dental remains of this new form of a large-sized ceboid. The La Ventan vertebrate fauna is comparable to the Friasian Land Mammal Age, indicating a middle Miocene age. Biostratigraphic studies suggest a 13.6-15.2 Ma for the Friasian faunal zone. Kondous is most closely allied to extant spider monkeys, Ateles, providing the first fossil evidence of their phylogeny. It also implies a nearly three-fold discrepancy between the molecular and paleontological estimates of the age of the Ateles lineage.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Freeze-fracture replica study of capillary endothelium after embolization in the dog.

The underlying mechanisms that lead to brain edema following ischemic insult have been subject to much debate. In this study, experimental cerebral infarction was produced in 25 dogs by injecting 1 or 2 silicone rubber cylinders through the cervical internal carotid artery. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after embolization. Freeze-fracture studies were conducted on the plasma membrane of the capillary endothelium from 15 control and 25 ischemic dogs. No definite findings of tight junction opening were made in the ischemic preparations. Pinocytotic vesicles were seen as concave areas on the protoplasmic face (PF) of the plasma membrane and as protrusions on the extracellular face (EF). The average pinocytotic vesicle count per square micron was increased in ischemic animals. On the luminal side, it reached 22.0 +/- 1.2/sq mu in the 50 PF samples and 29.5 +/- 1.3/sq mu in the 50 EF samples in the experimental preparations, as compared to 7.2 +/- 0.5 sq mu in the 50 PF samples and 9.0 +/- 0.6 sq mu in the 50 EF samples in normal cortex. The average area of the vesicles was also enlarged in experimental animals: 4990.7 +/- 798 sq nm in the 50 PF samples and 4762.8 +/- 878 sq nm in the 50 EF samples, as compared to 3567.7 +/- 570 sq nm in the 50 PF samples and 3404.5 +/- 573 sq nm in the 50 EF samples in normal cortex (p greater than 0.01). These results indicate that transcellular transportation by pinocytotic vesicles plays an important role in the increase of capillary permeability observed in an ischemic model.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of coprophagy on bile acid metabolism in the rabbit.

The effect of coprophagy on the 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of biliary bile acids was studied in the rabbit. Bile acid composition of bile and intestinal contents was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Biliary bile acid composition of normal rabbits (n = 5) was: deoxycholic acid, 95.3 +/- 1.0SE % and cholic acid, 2.3 +/- 1.1SE %. When coprophagy was prevented, significant alterations were observed in biliary bile acid composition, including a considerable decrease in deoxycholic acid (82.5 +/- 2.8SE %, p less than 0.01) and a marked increase in cholic acid (15.2 +/- 3.0SE %, p less than 0.002). These results indicate that coprophagy is a factor causing an increase of the 7 alpha-dehydroxylated bile acid, deoxycholic acid (and lithocholic acid when the animals were fed chenodeoxycholic acid) in rabbit bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A giant gallbladder.

A case of giant gallbladder is presented. A 36-yr-old female complaining of colicky pain and a mass in the right upper quadrant underwent cholecystectomy, when the giant gallbladder, 18 cm in length and 4 cm in maximum diameter, and an extremely long cystic duct was confirmed. Since neither marked biliary inflammation nor biliary obstruction was observed, this giant gallbladder is considered to be congenital.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Conversion of 7-ketolithocholic acid to ursodeoxycholic acid by human intestinal anaerobic microorganisms: interchangeability of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid.

Chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and 7-ketolithocholic acid were incubated with human intestinal bacteria (source: 4 healthy males) at 37 degrees C for 72 hours in an anerobic condition. The bile acids of the products in culture medium were identified by three independent methods, thin layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and GLC-mass spectrometry. Lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and 7-ketolithocholic acid were observed in the culture of chenodeoxycholic acid. Lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and 7-ketolithocholic acid were observed in the culture of ursodeoxycholic acid. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were produced from 7-ketolithocholic acid. These data may suggest that chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid are interconvertible via 7-ketolithocholic acid by the mixed culture of human intestinal microorganisms under an anaerobic condition.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Development of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for ursodeoxycholic acid: application to plasma disappearance of injected ursodeoxycholic acid in the rabbit.

A bile acid disappearance test using an enzyme immunoassay for ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is presented. The immunoassay employs an antiserum produced in rabbits with UDCA coupled by amide linkage to egg albumin. An antigen (UDCA)-enzyme (beta-D-galactosidase) complex was prepared by adding the N-hydroxy-succinimide ester of UDCA to beta-D-galactosidase in a molar ratio of 5000:1. The anti-UDCA serum was coupled to glass beads and a competitive reaction between bile acids and UDCA coupled to the enzyme on the glass beads was measured by determining enzyme activity. One bead was used for each test tube. Thus it was convenient to wash and transfer the bead to a fresh test tube after incubation. The procedure requires 2.5 hr at 30 degrees C for the competitive reaction and enzyme assay. Using a 1:100 dilution of anti-serum, the intensity of fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone produced from 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside by the enzyme decreased linearly with a logarithmic increase of UDCA concentration over a range of from 0.1 to 10 pmnd taurine conjugates, and good recovery data were obtained. The development of the enzyme immunoassay using glass beads shortens analysis time; furthermore, the method makes it possible to detect obstructive jaundice in rabbits before the serum bilirubin level is elevated.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cholic acid biosynthesis: conversion of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol into 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha, 12alpha,24beta,25-pentol by human and rat liver microsomes.

This paper describes the conversion of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol into 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol by liver microsomes. A sensitive radioactive assay for measuring the formation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol was developed. Optimal assay conditions for human and rat microsomal systems were established. A higher 24beta-hydroxylation activity was detected in rat than in human liver under the conditions employed. The hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol by the rat liver microsomal fraction fortified with NADPH was stimulated about two-fold by administration of phenobarbital. Phenobarbital treatment also stimulated hydroxylations at C-23, C-24alpha, and C-26. Carbon monoxide markedly inhibited all side-chain hydroxylations. In contrast, side-chain hydroxylase activities were not affected in animals deprived of food for 48 hr. These results are consistent with a previously postulated cholic acid biosynthetic pathway involving 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol as a key intermediate in man and in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bile alcohol metabolism in man. Conversion of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,12alpha, 25-tetrol to cholic acid.

To study the role of C25-HYDROXY BILE ALCOHOLS AS PRECURSORS OF CHOlic acid, [G-3-H]5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha12alpha,25-tetrol was administered intravenously to two subjects with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and two normal individuals. One day after pulse labeling, radioactivity was present in the cholic acid isolated from the bile and feces of the subjects with CTX and the bile of the normal individuals. In the two normal subjects, the sp act decay curves of [G-3-H]-cholic acid were exponential, and no traces of [G-3-H]-5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol were detected. In contrast, appreciable quantities of labeled 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,-7aopha,12alpha,25-tetrol were present in the bile and feces of the CTX subjects. The sp act vs. time curves of fecal [G-3-H]5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol and [G-3-H]-cholic acid showed a precursor-product relationship. Although these results suggest that 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol may be a precursor of cholic acid in man, the possibility that C26-hydroxy intermediates represent the normal pathway can not be excluded.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1974

A biochemical abnormality in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Impairment of bile acid biosynthesis associated with incomplete degradation of the cholesterol side chain.

Bile acid production in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is subnormal, yet the activity of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-determining enzyme of bile acid synthesis, is elevated. To explain this discrepancy, bile acid precursors were sought in bile and feces of three CTX subjects. Over 10% of the total sterols excreted in bile and feces consisted of compounds more polar than cholesterol. Chromatographic analysis of the polar fractions in conjunction with gasliquid chromatography (GLC)-mass spectrometry indicated two major constituents, 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol and 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24xi,25-pentol. After i.v. injection of [4-(14)C]cholesterol both bile alcohols were radioactive proving that they were derived from cholesterol. The accumulation of alcohols hydroxylated at C-25 and C-24,25 suggests that decreased bile acid synthesis in CTX results from impaired oxidation of the cholesterol side chain. This finding and the virtual absence of intermediates hydroxylated at C-26 indicate that current views of the major pathway of bile acid synthesis may require revision.

Alcohols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A fossil owl monkey from La Venta, Colombia.

Knowledge of the evolutionary history of living New World anthropoids is limited by a relatively poor fossil record. The discovery in 1986 of a new fossil monkey from the middle Miocene deposits of La Venta, Colombia, 12-15 million years ago (Myr BP), is the first example of a living New World monkey genus appearing in Tertiary rocks. Including anatomical evidence of the dentition and facial skull, it provides an unambiguous link between a Neogene fossil and the owl monkey, Aotus, the only modern crepuscular-nocturnal anthropoid primate. This new form brings to three the number of La Venta fossil monkeys which preserve excellent dentitions sharing extensive similarities with modern genera. All of these species are potentially ancestral to their extant relatives. The La Ventan Aotus is additional support for the idea that the modern platyrrhine radiation includes long-lived genera or generic lineages, some of which may be traceable to the early Miocene, 20 Myr BP.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between CA19-9 production in vitro and histological grades of differentiation in vivo in clones isolated from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (SUIT-2).

The production of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were investigated in 28 clones isolated from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (SUIT-2) and related to in vitro morphology of the clones and in vivo tumorigenicity. Clones of fusiform and polygonal cells could be morphologically distinguished in confluent cultures. There was no significant difference in CEA production between fusiform-cell clones (2.10 +/- 2.70 ng/L x 10(6) per 24 h) and polygonal-cell clones (6.01 +/- 7.30 ng/L x 10(6) per 24 h), but polygonal-cell clones had higher production of CA19-9 (1176.1 +/- 1628.4 U/L x 10(6) per 24 h) than fusiform (6.0 +/- 7.3 U/L x 10(6) per 24 h; P < 0.01). Production of CA19-9 in vitro correlated with the histological grade of differentiation in vivo in nude mice (r = 0.73, P < 0.001), but CEA production did not. The polygonal-cell clones developed well-differentiated carcinomas in vivo and produced significantly more CA19-9 (P < 0.001) than fusiform-cell clones, which generally developed into poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas in vivo. This cell line may provide an appropriate system for further studies of the biology and therapy of pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗